WHICH: laø ñaïi töø quan heä ñöôïc duøng ñeå thay theá cho danh töø chæ vaät hoaëc söï vaät ñöùng tröôùc noù,noù ñöùng ñaàu meänh ñeà quan heä, ñöa meänh ñeà naøy ñöùng lieàn sau danh [r]
(1)ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKI – TIẾNG ANH 10 UNIT 1
A/ The present simple: Thì đơn I TOBE (IS/ARE/AM)
Form :
1/ Affirmative: I + am eg: I am a teacher He/ she / it / singular noun + is
We / you / they / plural noun + are
S + tobe + ……… 2/ Neg : S + tobe-not + ……… eg I’m not a student
3/ Int : - Tobe + S + ……….? Yes, S + tobe / No, S + tobe-not - Tobe + S +………….OR………… ?
Trả lời chọn lựa vế vế
- WH/ How + tobe + S? S + Be + ……… II Ordinary verbs: V(Những động từ thường)
* Form:
1/ Aff: I / we /you / they / Danh từ số nhiều + V (inf) + ……… eg: I work hard every day He / she / It / Danh từ số + Vs/es + ……… eg: She works hard every day
2/ Neg : S(sôù nhiều) + – not + V (inf) + ………… eg: You don’t work hard every day S(số ít) + does – not + V(inf) + ……… eg: She doesn’t work hard every day
3/ Int: - Do/Does + S + V(inf) + ………? Yes, S + do/does
No, S + don’t / doesn’t
- OR : Nếu câu hỏi có liên từ “OR” câu trả lời cách lựa chọn hai vế câu hỏi để trả lời
- Wh / How + / does + S + V(inf) + ……….? S + V +……… * Qui tắc thêm S / ES vào ngơi thứ số ít:
- Những động từ tận là” Y “:
+ Trước “Y”là nguyên âm, ta thêm “s” vào sau động từ đó + Trước “Y”là phụ âm, ta đổûi “y” thành “i” thêm “es” - Những động từ tận : O, X, S, Z, SH, CH ta thêm “es” - Những động từ lại ta thêm “s”
* Uses: - Diễn tả thói quen, hành động xảy thường xuyên - Diễn tả chân lý, thật hiển nhiên
- Diễn tả sở thích, khả người * Adverbs:
Oøften, usually, frequently: (thường) Always, constantly: luôn Sometimes, occasionally: Seldom, rarely: hiếm(ít) Every day / week / month / year ,….(mỗi ngày/ tuần / tháng / năm ….)
B/ The past simple: Thì khứ đơn I TOBE (was/ were)
Form :
1/ Affirmative: I/He/ she / it / singular noun + was Eg: I was a teacher ten years ago We / you / they / plural noun + were
S + tobe + ……… 2/ Neg : S + tobe-not + ……… Eg She wasn’t a student last year 3/ Int : - Tobe + S + ……….? Yes, S + tobe / No, S + tobe-not - Tobe + S +………….OR ……… ?
- WH/ How + tobe + S?
(2)ĐỀ CƯƠNG ƠN TẬP HKI – TIẾNG ANH 10 II Ordinary verbs: V(Những động từ thường)
* Form:
1/ Aff : S + V –ed + ……… Eg She worked hard last year V - II ( bất qui tắc)
2/ Neg : S+ did – not + V (inf) + ……… Eg You didn’t work hard yesterday
3/ Int: -Did + S + V(inf) + …………? Yes, S + did/ No, S + didn’t -OR : Nếu câu hỏi có liên từ “OR” câu trả lời cách lựa chọn hai vế câu hỏi để trả lời. -Wh / How + did + S + V(inf) + ……….?
* Qui tắc thêm “ED”
- Những động từ tận e, ta thêm “d”
- Những động từ có âm tiết, tận phụ âm, trước phụ âm nguyên âm, ta phải gấp đôi phụ âm thêm “ed”
- Những đợng từ tận “Y”:
+ Trước “y” nguyên âm, ta thêm “ed” vào động từ Eg Play played + Trước “y” phụ âm, ta đổi “y” thành “i” thêm “ed” Eg Study studied
- Những động từ lại ta thêm “ed”
* Uses: - Diễn tả hành động xảy có thời điểm xác định rõ ràng khứ
- Din tạ hành đng xạy khứ, kêt thúc khứ, khođng lieđn h đeẫn hin tái - Din tạ mt thói quen khứ,bađy khođng
*Adverbs: ago(cách đây),
last (night,………), yesterday,
in+năm (trong khư)
C/ ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY ( NHỮNG TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ MỨC ĐỘ THƯỜNG XUYÊN) Những trạng từ mức độ thường xuyên đứng trước động từ thường , đứng sau động từ tobe
Always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, never as a rule : đứng đầu câu
2 Những cụm từ mức độ thường xuyên: thường đứng cuối câu Every day / week/ month / year…
Once a ( per) day /week / month/ year Twice
Three times…
Đặt câu hỏi ta duøng : HOW OFTEN ………? EXERCISES I. PHONETICS
Pick out the word whose underlined part is pronounce differently from those of the others: A break B lead C take D neighbour
A children B contented C rest D friendly A alarm B driver C buffalo D passenger A routine B house C plough D without A office B drop C tobacco D plot
II VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
A Match the italicized verbs in column A with their meanings in column B
A B
1 When did the plane take off?
2 The thieves ran away when the burglar alarm went off
a building
b move downward
(3)ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKI – TIẾNG ANH 10 Let's take a break We'll go on when you are ready
4 Could you wake me up early tomorrow?
5 She laughed and chatted happily with other women Did anyone see Sue getting off the bus?
7 Suddenly, the plane seemed to dip and we realized we were in danger I've given up trying to understand her
9 We had trouble putting up the tent in the dark 10 Fire fighters soon put out the fire
c made stop burning d leave the ground e talked in a friendly way f stopped
g leaving
h make stop sleeping i continue
j rang B Prepositions
1 The alarm went at 5.30 and everybody got up
2 Why aren’t you usually satisfied everything you’ve got?
3 The taxi can’t drop us our office because there is a ban on vehicles this street Mr Lam usually helps his passengers put their purchases the cyclo
5 My children often chat online their daily life their friends C Put the verb in the bracket into the simple present tense.
1 I ……….(eat) my breakfast in the kitchen every day These boys often ……….………(play) football at weekends It ……… (rain) in the winter
4 She ……….(go) to school three days a week My little boy often ……… …………(watch) cartoon film She ……… (study) English very well
7 My father often ………(play) tennis in the morning Ann ……… (speak) German very well
D: Put the verb in brackets into the simple past tense. He ……….…(live) in London last year
2 He ……… (live) in London from 1980 to 1985 They ……… (sell) their house several days ago When……….…you ………….… (see) her ?
5 ……… he come to see you last night ? Yes he came She ……….…… (met) me in the street last Sunday
7 I ……… ….(wait) for the telephone call all this morning I……… …… (study) music when I was at school They ……… (sell) their house last year 10 They ……….…(walk) to the corner two days ago 11 Professor T ……….…(teach) another class last year 12 We ……….….(spend) two weeks in Japan in 2000 12 He ……… … (meet) his friends some days ago 14 We ……….…….(speak) to our friends last week E Put (DID , WAS or WERE ) into the brackets.
40 Where ……… you born? Where ……….…… your mother born? 41 When ……….……… you start school?
42 How many schools ……….you go to ? 43 What ……… your favourite subject?
44 Where ……… you live when you ……… a child? 45 ……… they live in a house or a flat?
(4)ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKI – TIẾNG ANH 10 UNIT2
I/ WH-QUESTIONS :
1 WH + be + S ? S + be +……… HOW + be + S ? S + be + ADJ
2 WH / HOW + DO/DOES/ DID + S + V (inf) + ? WH / HOW + WILL/SHALL + S + V (inf) + ? WH / HOW + HAVE/HAS + S + P.P(ED/III)+ ? WH / HOW + HAD + S + P.P(ED/III)+ ?
6 WH / HOW + IS/ARE/AM + S + V -ING + ? WH / HOW + WERE/WAS + S + V -ING + ?
8 WH / HOW + IS/ARE/AM + S + GOING TO+V(inf) + ? II/ REFERøENCE LIST OF VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS
(ĐỨNG SAU CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ SAU LAØ V-ING)
(5)ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HKI – TIẾNG ANH 10 admit: thú nhận
2 advise: khun anticipate:mong appreciate: cảmkích avoid: lãng tránh complete: hồn tất 7.consider: suy xét delay: trì hỗn deny: chối
10 discuss: thảo luận 11 dislike: không thich 12 enjoy: thích
13 finish: hồn thành
14 forget quên 15 can’t help 16 keep: tiếp tục
17 mention: nói tới, đề cập 18 mind: phiền
19 miss: nhỡ,bỏ lỡù 20 postpone: trì hỗn 21 practice: luyện tập 22.quit:bỏ
23 recall: nhớ 24 recollect: tập hợp
25 recommend: khuyên,đềnghị 26 regret: hối tiếc
27 remember: nhớ 28 resent: tức giận
29 resist: chống lại,phản đối 30 risk: làm liều
31 stop: dừng lại 32 suggest: đề ø nghị 33 tolerate: chấp nhận 34 understand: hiểu
35 fancy: muốn,tưởng tượng 36 imagine: tưởng tượng 37 involve: đòi hỏi phải 38 justify: chứng minh 39 escape: trốn thoát 40 excuse: xin lỗi 41 save: cứu thoát 42 stand: chịu đựng 43 forgive: tha lỗi 44 endure: chịu đựng -Danh động từ cịn sử dụng đứng sau động từ khác như:
call, catch, discover, feel, find, hear, get, imagine, keep, leave, notice, see, send, set, stop, watch,… + V-ing Chú ý: Các động từ theo sau: allow , advise, forbit permit ,…
+ allow , advise, forbit permit,………… + V-ing : khơng có tân ngữ người đứng sau chúng, ta dùng V-ing
+ allow , advise, forbit permit,……… + O + to inf : có tân ngữ người đứng sau chúng, ta dùng to inf
- Danh động từ sử dụng liên từ, sau trạng từ như: while, when, if,……… Eg: He continued to speak while walking down the path.
* GO+ V-ING go birdwatching go boating go bowling go camping go canoeing go dancing go fishing
8 go hiking go hunting 10.go jogging
11.go mountain climbing 12.go running 13.go sailing 14.go shopping 15.go sightseeing 16.go skating 17.go sledding 18.go swimming 19.go tobogganing 20.go window shopping * NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU VỪA LÀ V-ING VỪA LÀ TO INF (nghĩa khơng thay đổi) thường dùng V-ing hơn
1.begin 2.start 3.like 4.love 5.prefer 6.hate 7.continue
8 attempt:cố gắng
9 dread:sợ, ngán ngẩm 10.intend:có ý định
(6)Eg I started to learn English in 2006 I started learning English in 2006
* NHỮNG ĐỘNG TỪ THEO SAU VỪA LAØ V-ING VỪA LAØ TO INF (nhưng ý nghĩa khác nhau) REMEMBER(nhớ )
- remember + to inf: nhớ trước làm điều Eg You remember to close the doors before leaving the house - remember + V-ing: nhớ lại việc làm Eg I can remember sending the letter I sent it yesterday
2 FORGET ( queân)
- forget + to inf: quên trước làm Eg I don’t forget to close the door before leaving the house (forgetclose)
- forget + V-ing: quên việc làm Eg I forget sending you a letter ( send forget) REGRET
- regret + to inf : lấy làm tiếc Eg Kate regretted to get a bad mark
- regret + V-ing : hối hận Eg I regret spending all the money which my mother gave me yesterday
4 STOP
- stop + to inf: dừng lại việc để làm việc khác
Eg He was walking along the road and he stopped to talk with me - stop + V-ing : dừng hẳn mợt việc
Eg He stopped smoking years ago
“Remember, forget, regret” với to inf hành động tương lai với V-ing hành động đã qua.
5 TRY
-try+ to inf : cố gắng làm việc Eg If you don’t try to work hard, you won’t pass the exam - try + V-ing : thử làm việc Eg I tried drinking wine but can’t drink it
6 MEAN
- mean + to inf: có ý định làm Eg I meant to phone you but I forgot
- mean + V-ing : coù nghóa Eg I’m applying for a visa It means filling in this form GO ON
- go on + to inf : Tiếp tục làm điều khác (AB) Eg The teacher introduced himself and went on to explain the lesson
- go on + V-ing : tiếp tục điều làm (A) Eg I went on working all night NEED
- need + to inf : Mang nghĩa chủ động ( chủ ngữ người ta dùng to inf) Eg You need to iron your clothes now
- need + V-ing: Mang nghĩa bị động ( chủ ngữ vật ta dùng V-ing) Eg your clothes need ironing now * ĐỨNG SAU NHỮNG CỤM TỪ SAU LAØ V-ING
have fun, have a good time, have trouble, have difficulty, have a hard time, have a difficult time + V-ing spend + expression of time or money + V-ing Eg I spent two hours washing my clothes
waste + expression of time or money + V-ing sit / stand / lie + expression of place + V-ing
find / catch + pro(noun) + V-ing Give up + V-ing : từ bỏ
Carry on + V-ing : tiếp tục
(7)be worth + V-ing : đáng kể look forward to + V-ing: trông đợi
It is no good + V-ing : chẳng tích Keep / keep on + V-ing : tiếp tục
take to + V-ing: bắt đầu,
It is impossible + V-ing : be busy + V-ing : bận rộn
can’t stand + v-ing
There is no + V-ing : khơng có cách Put off + V-ing : hỗn lại can’t help + V-ing
can’t bear can’t resist + V-ing: không cưỡng lại dược
* Đứng sau giới từ : V-ing
B/ GRAMMAR: INFINITIVE WITH TO - INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO I/ Infinitive with to ( To inf): Đứng sau dạng sau ta dùng To inf -Đứng sau động từ sau động từ nguyên mẫu có to ( xem bảng 4.8)
A) S + V + TO INFINITIVE ( TO + V )
1.agree:đồng ý 2.aim:nhằm mục đích 3.appear:có vẻ 4.arrange:sắp xếp
5.ask:yêu cầu 6.attempt:cố gắng 7.bother:phiền 8.care:để ý
9.choose:chọn 10.claim:công bố 11.decide:quyết định 12.demand:yêu cầu 13.determine:định đoạt 14.fail:thất bại 15.guarantee:bảo đảm 16.happen:xảy
17.hesitate:do dự 18.hope:hy vọng 19.learn:học 20.long: mong mỏi
21.manage:xoay xở 22.neglect: lơ đãng 23.offer:đề nghị 24.plan: có kế hoạch 25.prepare:chuẩn bị 26.pretend:giả vờ 27.proceed:tiếp nối 28.promise:
29.prove:chứng tỏ 30.refuse:từ chối 31.resolve:nhất 32.seem: 33.swear:thề 34.tend: có xu hướng 35.threaten:dọa
36.trouble:gây phiền 37.volunteer: tình nguyện 38.vow: dụ dỗ 39.wish 40.want
41.need 42.wait
* Be about + TO Inf: sửa *Set Out + TO INF: bắt đầu * Turn Out + TO INF:hóa B) S + V + O + TO INFINITIVE ( TO + V )
1.advise:khuyên 2.allow:cho phép 3.command: lệnh
4.compel:ép buộc 5.enable:làm cho 6.encourage:khuyến khích 7.expect:mong đợi 8.forbid:ngăn cấm 9.force:cưỡng ép
10.ask 11.emplore:cầu khẩn 12.induce:xúi giục 13.instruct:hướng dẫn
14.invite:mời 15.intend:ý định 16.beg:cầu xin 17.oblige:buộc phải
18.order:ra lệnh 19.permit;cho phép 20.persuade:thuyết phục 21.remind:nhắc lại 22.request:yêu cầu 23.recommend:khuyên nhủ 24.show… how:chỉ cách
25.teach how:dạy cách 26.tell how:nói cho biết cách 27.tell:bảo 28.tempt=try
29.train:huấn luyện 30.urge:thúc giục 31.warn:cảnh báo 32.want:muốn
***Help+ (TO+) V.**Would Like/Would Love +TO INF NOTES: TO INFINITIVE dùng :
- Sau số Danh Từ Đại Từ bất định( something,Anything…) - Sau The First, The Second,The Only,The Last…
- Chỉ mục đích,làm chủ ngữ,làm bổ ngữ sau Be
- Đứng sau tính từ : S + be + adj + To inf eg It’s nice to have a place of y our own ( Ngoại trừ busy , worth sau chúng V-ing)
(8)It was kind of you to help
- Sau từ nghi vấn : Wh / h ow + to inf Eg We don’t know where to leave our coats - Ch ỉ mục đích & kết Eg I learn English to communicate with foreigners
II/ Infinitive without to (động từ nguyên mẫu to): Đứng sau dạng sau ta dùng động từ nguyên mẫu không to
- Đứng sau độâng từ sau:là động ngun mẫu khơng có to
+ Sau động từ khiếm khuyết như: can,must , may, shall, ought to, should , might,……… + Đi với be able to, be about to, be all owed to, be going to, ought to, used to
Eg We aren’t all owed to park here. The game is about to start.
+ Sau động từ cảm quan như: see, hear, feel, watch + V(bare inf) / V-ing
+ Sau độnh từ cầu khiến như: make, let, have Nhưng động từ dùng thể bị động ta chuyển đợng từ sau qua thành to inf
+ Sau động từ như: had better, would rather, had sooner………
+ Sau except & but (ngoại trừ) Eg As for the housework, I everything except cook
+ Sau Why Why not? Eg Why not stay for a while? ( = Why don’t you stay for a while?) * make sb s.th(bắt, buộc làm gì) =force sb to s.th = cause sb to s.th(khiến làm gì) * let sb s.th = allow sb to s.th : để, cho phép làm
Chú ý: would rather + V(bare inf) …+ than… S + be / get used to + V-ing +…… Prefer + V-ing … + to …… S + used to + V (bare inf) +………… Prefer + Noun … + to ……
Would like (‘d like) / would love (‘d love) + to inf EXERCISE I Pronunciation:
1 A mother B love C.office D one A family B start C ask D father A.change B teaching C chemistry D children II Grammar
A Choose the best Wh- questions :
17 To ………are you talking ? ( whom, who, whose, that )
18 ……… did you buy that car ? – In September ( When, Where, How, How long ) 19 ….is your national flag ? – Red and yellow ( What, Which of color, What color, Which ) 20 ……….is your new school ? – It is clean and nice ( What, How, Where, When ) 21 ……… bag are you carrying ? Judy’s ( Which, What, Who’s, Whose )
B Underlined the correct answer.
1 I’m looking forward to ……….you at Christmas ( see/ seen/ seeing ) Litter boys like ……… trees ( climb/ climbing/ have climbed ) Mr.Ha decided ……… … his new suit (wearing/ to wear/ wear )
4 Some people are used to ……… … in crowded buses (standing/ stand/ stood ) I dislike ………… ………… on the subway ( to ride/ riding/ ride )
6 I enjoy ……… with Miss Phuong (to study/ studying / studied ) Students must practice ……… …….(to use/ using / use )
8 Hoa and Lan have stopped ……….to each other (to talk/ talking/ talks) C Give the correct verb forms.
(9)2 Students stopped ………(make) noise when the teacher came in Ann likes ……… (cook) but hate … ……… (wash) up
4 I enjoy ……… (listen) to classical music
5 He will try ……… (not make) the same mistake again Would you mind ……… (buy) me a newspaper?
7 Would you like ……… (have) a dance with me?
8 They finished ……… (learn) and then they wanted to go out for pleasure I hope ……….(not do) that tiring work again
10 It’s no use ………(advise) him
11 He always avoids ………(meet) her in the street
12 My mother gets used to ……… (get) up early in the morning 13 Tom refused ……… (give) me his address
14 Do you agree ……….(lend) me some money?
15 My parents decided ……… (take) a taxi because it was late 16 My watch keeps ……… (stop)
UNIT ( QKĐ & QKHT) THE PAST PERFECT TENSE ( THÌ QUÁ KHỨ HOAØN THAØNH) 1/ Aff: S + HAD + P.Ped / III + ……… 2/ Neg: S + HAD - NOT + P.Ped / III + ………
3/ Int: - HAD + S + P.Ped / III + …….? - Yes, S + had / No, S + hadn’t - OR
- WH / HOW + HAD + S + P.Ped / III + ……….? * CÁCH DÙNG: - Diễn tả hành động khứ xảy trước thời điểm khứ
- Diễn tả hành động khứ xảy trước hành động khác khứ
- Khi tường thuật kiện , hành động khứ Eg I told her that I had finished my homework - Trong mệnh đề IF câu điều kiện loại 3, diều ước không that khứ
Thường kèm với từ sau: before, after, when
EXERCISE
I Complete the passage with correct form of the words from the box force determine possible start write
physic physic final educate establish
Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821 and (1) to New York City when she was ten years old One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor That was nearly (2) for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century After (3) many letters seeking admission to medical schools, she was (4) accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia So (5) was she that she taught school and gave music lessons to earn money for her tuition
In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her (6) in Paris She wanted to be a surgeon, but a serious eye infection (7) her to abandon the idea
Upon returning the United States, she found it difficult (8) her own practice because she was a woman By 1857, Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another female doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children Besides being the first female (9) in the United States and founding her own hospital, she also (10) the first medical school for women
II Put the verbs in the past perfect or past simple.
1 I went to the box office at lunch time, but they (already/ sell) all the tickets I felt very tired when I got home, so I (go) straight to bed
(10)6 Sorry I'm late The car (break) down on my way here
7 I (take) the book back to the library when I (read) it
8 The house was very quiet when I (get) home Everybody (go) out for dinner After she (fill) the basket, she (go) to the check out
10 Yesterday morning I (remember) the answer the question Bob (ask) me the night before, so I (phone) him 11 Last night, I (go) to Jim’s room and (knock) on the door but there (be) no answer Either he
(go) out or he (not want) to see anyone
12 Angel asked me how to use the photocopier She (never/ use) it before, so she (not/ know) 14.Karen (not want) to come to the cinema with us because she (already/ see) the film
15 Two days ago I (meet) an old friend who I (not see) for years
III Choose the correct answers.
1 'Was Tom there when you arrived?' `Yes, but he home soon afterwards’
a goes b went c had gone d were going
2 Before Jennifer won the lottery, she any kind of contest
a hasn't entered b doesn't enter c wasn't entering d hadn't entered 'Who was the woman in red dress? Did you know?`
‘No I " who she was I her before
a didn't know/ hadn't seen b didn't know/ hasn't seen c hadn't known/ hadn't seen d don't know/ hasn't seen Did you say that you here only three days ago?
a were coming b had come c have come d come
5 By the time he arrived at the party, all his classmates
a has left b left c was leaving d had left
6 When I was a child the violin
a I was playing b I had played c I play d I played It's two years Joe
a that I don't see b that I haven't seen c since I didn't see d since I saw The man sitting next to me on the plane was nervous becausehe before
a hasn't flown b didn't fly c hadn't flown d wasn't flying They in Scotland for ten years Now they live in London
a lived b have lived c has been living d had lived
4. As soon as Laura the house, it started to rain
a has left b was leaving c had left had been leaving
5. Sorry we're late, we the wrong turning.
a had taken b were taking c took d are taking
6. We in New York for ten years and then we here in 1987. a have lived/ moved b lived / moved c lived/ had moved d had lived / moved
7. When Martin the car he took it out for a drive
a had repaired b has repaired c repaired d was repairing
8. We them before the reception yesterday
a haven't met b hadn't met c didn't meet d wouldn't meet 9. Karen didn't want to come to the cinema with us because she the film.
a has already seen b already had seen c had already seen d.saw
UNIT 4
I/ The + adjective: để nhóm người xã hội Adj The adjective
- deaf ( điếc) The deaf ( người điếc) The rich: người giàu - rich ( giàu) The rich ( người giàu) The poor: người nghèo - poor ( nghèo) The poor ( người nghèo) The weak: kẻ yếu
-homeless The homeless (những người vô gia cư) The unemployment: người thất nghiệp The blind: người mù The sick: người bệnh The young: người trẻ / thiếu niên
(11)Lưu ý: danh từ thuộc loại luôn mang nghĩa số nhiều động từ theo sau chúng phải chia dạng số nhiều.
Eg The rich are always able to buy everything they want
II/ Used to + infinitive: diễn tả thói quen q khứ khơng cịn nữa. Used to: trước thường,
1/ Affirmative: S + used to + V(inf) + ……… Eg I used to play chess when I was a child
2/ Negative : S + did-not + use to + V(inf) + ……… Eg I didn’t use to play football when I was a child 3/ Interrogative: - Did + S + use to + V(inf) + ……….? Yes, S + did / No, S + didn’t
- Wh / How + did + S + use to + V(inf) + ……….?
- OR: Did + S + use to + V(inf) + ……….OR……… ? > Câu trả lời cách lựa chọn hai vế
Chú y ù : used to be used to khaùc nhau:
S + used to + V(inf)+……… Chỉ thói quen khứ
S +be / get + used to + V-ing + ………… Trở nên quen với việc ta quen làm tương lai
Eg I am used to living here
III/ Which: as a connector : dùng làm từ nối
* which dùng để thay cho mệnh đề đứng trước nó. - Nó dùng liên từ nối
- Trước phải có dấu phẩy Eg He got 10 marks This pleased his father He got 10 marks, which pleased his father
EXERCISE
Exercise : Use The + Adjective from the list to complete each sentence
disabled, rich, deaf, unemployed, dumb, poor, blind, injured ……… have to help ………
……….….in the accident yesterday morning was taken to hospital immediately The little boy is helping ………cross the street
…… …… and………… … use a system of sign language to communicate with each other The government should take an urgent step to help ………
Don’t make fun of ………
Exercise 2: Choose the correct word between brackets The rich (is / are ) ………… not always happy
The poor (is / are )………not always unhappy The dead never ……….( return / returns )
10 The lazy can never ……….( succeeds / succeed ) 11 The young ( have / has ) ………the future in their hand Exercise : Use “WHICH” to combine each pair of sentences 12 John is always late for class This annoys the teacher ………
13 People today put advertisements on TV or in newspapers This makes it possible to produce more things to sell
………
(12)……… ………
15 We have lost her phone number This makes it difficult to contact her ………
16 Jane couldn’t come to my birthday party This made me feel sad ………
17 She has promised herself to be on time to work everyday That is a good idea ………
18 Tim has found a new job That is lucky ……… ………
19 She usually comes to work on time That pleases her boss ………
20 A dictionary is a book This gives you the meaning of words ………
Exercise 4: Choose the correct word between brackets
21 He ……… wear a pair of glasses (used to / use to / used)
22 “Are you a bus driver ? ” - “ No, not anymore, but I …… .” (used to / used to be / use to be ) 23 When a boy I … a kite in the afternoon (would to fly /used to fly/ have flown)
24 He …arrive at the office on time.(used always to/used to always/always used to) 25 Susan………early when she stayed with us (has got up/ used to get up/ gets up)
26 Jimmy and Maria were mischievous children They …………tricks on their teacher, which always got them into a lot of trouble ( could have played / could play / used to play ) 27 He ………here but he doesn’t work here now (has worked/ used to work/ used to working ) 28 “Do the Smiths live next door to you ? ”
“No, but they ………(used to / used to did / used to )”
29 The dog would bark until someone opened the gate That’s what he …… (is used to doing / is used to / used to )
30 When I was your age, I ……… for the cinema (used to pay 5p / used paid 5p / used to pay 5p ) Exercise 5: Choose the best answer
31 He rushed into the burning building, ……… was very brave
A it B who C that D which 32 My father didn’t ………coffee for breakfast
A used to have B use to have C use to having D use be having 33 Without the Braille Alphabet it would be very difficult for ………
A disabled B the deaf C the mute D the blind
34 Thuy’s class is different ………other classes because the children are disabled A on B from C in D at
35 The little boy is helping……… cross the street
A the poor B the rich C the blind D the young 35 Many people lost their home in the Earthquake The government is trying to establish more shelters to care for ………
A the childless B the homeless C the blind D the deaf 36 The government should have special policies to help the ………
(13)A use to stay B am used to stay C used to staying D am used to staying 38 The blind child ……… a great effort to learn “Braille ”
A did B got C made D created 39 There was a lot of ……….from the local residents
A oppose B opposite C opponent D opposition 40 I’d like to introduce you to Mrs Thuy, ……… is the teacher of this special class A that B which C who D whom
41 The children will learn how ……….sums
A to B doing C D will 42 We ……….for the delay in answering your letter
A sorry B regret C apologize D excuse 43 very few people can ……….my name correctly
A pronoun B pronounce C announce D allow 44 The blind ……… unable to see anything
A is B are C am D have 45 He said it was right that ……… should beg
A blind B the blinds C the blind D the blindness Exercise 6: Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that need correcting 46 Jane couldn’t come to my birthday party, this made me feel sad
A B C D 47 Dennis used to smoking a lot a year ago
A B C D
48 Mr Thuy doesn’t mind taking care for disabled children A B C D
49 It took him a long time to get used to drive on the left A B C D
50 Check cards are used for replace money A B C D
UNIT 5
ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ :
I WHICH: đại từ quan hệ dùng để thay cho danh từ vật vật đứng trước nó,nó đứng đầu mệnh đề quan hệ, đưa mệnh đề đứng liền sau danh từ mà thay
-Which : Làm chủ từ tân ngữ mệnh đề phụ s
1 Làm chủ từ: This is the car It is mine This is the car which is mine Làm tân ngữ:
a Tân ngữ cho động từ
The car is very expensive He bought it last month The car which he bought last month is very expensive V O
Làm tân ngữ cho động từ ta bỏ which b Tân ngữ cho giới từ: có cách
Eg This is the picture She is looking at it This is the picture which she is looking at Pre O
(14)- Nó dùng liên từ nối - Trước phải có dấu phẩy
Eg He got 10 marks This pleased his father He got 10 marks, which pleased his father
II WHO: đại từ quan hệ người, dùng để thay cho danh từ người, đứng liền sau danh từ người mà thay
1 Làm chủ ngữ: WHO
Eg That is the girl She has won the medal That is the girl who has won the medal S
2 Làm tân ngữ : WHO / WHOM a Tân ngữ cho động từ: who / whom
Eg The woman is my aunt You saw her yesterday
The woman whom/who you saw yesterday is my aunt
Tân ngữ cho động từ ta bỏ WHOM The woman you saw yesterday is my aunt b Tân ngữ cho giới từ: có cách
Eg The girl is very beautiful He is looking at her The girl whom/who he is looking at is very beautiful The girl at whom he is looking is very beautiful Chú ý: Trường hợp động từ có giới từ :
_ Ta lược bỏ WHICH , WHOM , WHO giới từ đứng sau _ Ta không bỏ WHICH, WHOM giới từ đứng trước chúng 3 THAT : đại từ quan hệ người lẫn vật.
THAT dùng thay cho WHO/WHOM/WHICH mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (được câu khơng có dấu phẩy khơng có giới từ đứng trước chúng)
1 MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ XÁC ĐỊNH:là mệnh đề bắt buột phải có để xác định nghĩa cho từ đứng trước Nó khơng nằm hai dấu phẩy
2 MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ KHÔNG XÁC ĐỊNH : mệnh đề giải thích, bổ túc thêm nghĩa cho từ đứng trước xác định Nếu ta bỏ mệnh đề nghĩa câu đầy đủ Nó đặt hai đấu phẩy dấu phẩy
Eg The Thames, which flows through London, is a very beautiful river Cần ý:
a Phải dùng “that” trường hợp sau, không dùng who, whom, which
- Sau tân ngữ hỗn hợp (cả người lẫn vật) Eg I saw the men and cattle that went to the field
- Sau tính từ cực cấp ( so sánh nhất) the first , the last, the only, the very, the most, the best…… Eg He was the only man that could enter her house
- Sau đại từ bất định all, much, little, nothing , anything, noone, someone, everything, Eg I have never seen anyone that is as lovely as she
b Không dùng “that” trường hợp sau:
- Đại từ quan hệ có giới từ đứng trước khơng dùng THAT: The house in which I live is my father’s ( Không dùng “that”)
- Đại từ quan hệ nằm mệnh đề không giới hạn hai dấu phẩy dấu phẩy không dùng THAT
(15)1/ Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn cách dùng participle phrases Có loại participle phrases a Present participle phrases cụm từ bắt đầu present participle (V_ING)
b Past participle phrases cụm từ bắt đầu past participle ( V-3/ed) * Cách rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ participle phrases:
- Nếu động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể chủ động (active) , ta dùng Present participle phrase thay cho mệnh đề ( bỏ đại từ quan hệ trợ động từ, đưa động từ nguyên mẫu thêm ING)
Eg1 The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle The man sitting next to you is my uncle
2.Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?
* Nếu động từ mệnh đề quan hệ thể bị động ( passive) , ta dùng past participle phrase ( bỏ đại từ quan hệ trợ động từ, bắt đầu cụm từ V_3/ed)
Eg1 The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting The books written by To Hoai are interesting
The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy. The students punished by the teacher are lazy
The house which is being built now belongs to Mr Pike. The house built now belongs to Mr Pike 2/ Mệnh đề quan hệ rút gọn cách dùng “ To-inf” “ inf phrase” ( for + O + to-inf ). Eg English is an important language which we have to master English is an important language to master
There is a good restaurant where we can eat good food. There is a good restaurant to eat good food That is the hotel where we can stay That is the hotel to stay
There is a lot of homework which has to be done.There is a lot of homework to be done Here is a form that you must fill in Here is a form for you to fill in
I don’t like him playing in the street ; I wish we had a garden that he could play in I don’t like him playing in the street ; I wish we had a garden for him to play in
Chú ý : Hai chủ từ mệnh đề mệnh đề quan hệ khong trùng ta dùng for + O + to inf II/ HIỆN TẠI HOAØN THAØNH
Chủ động chủ ngữ gây hành động
Bị động chủ ngữ tiếp nhận hành động, không gây hành động Chủ động : S + have / has (not) + P.P –ed/III + O
Bị động : S(O) + have / has (not) + been + P.P –ed/III + by + O(S)
EXERCISE Exercise 1: Chia động từ ngoặc hồn thành She ……… … (wait) for two hours to see you She ……… (be) to America
John ……… … (see) that film several times They ……… ……(live) in this street for a long time She ……….…… (not speak) to me since last week We ……… (study) every lesson in the book, so far I ……….(have) three colds this winter Up to now, John ……….(work) very hard
(16)They ……… (sell) their house several days ago 10 John ……… (work) for this company since 1980
11 Linda is working in this department She ……… (work) here for two years 12 Many people in this class …… (see) this beautiful house several times 13 They ……… ………(live) in London from 1970 to 1990
14 They ……….(live) in China since 2000
15 We ……….….(study) English at this school for a month 16 Our present teacher ……… … (live) in this city all of his life 17 This boy ……….(not / finish) his homework yet
18 I ……… (speak) to him about your work several times already 19 ……….…you ……….…… (ever travel) to China before ?
20 he ……….….(receive) a letter just a few minutes ago 21 I ………(not / see) John recently
22 It’s the third time you ……….……….(lose) your key 23 This is one of the best books I ……….(ever read) 24 You ……….……….(put) your book on my desk last night Exercise 3: Active or Passive? Underline the correct verb form
25 Tom has just promoted / has just been promoted to area manager of East Asia 26 My father has taken / has been taken English class in the U.S
27 How many times have you / have you been fired?
28 How much money have you saved / have you been saved for your vacation 29 My brother has given / has been given tickets to the concert
30 The population of our city has risen / has been risen to nearly one million 31 A strike has called / has been called by the factory worker
32 They haven’t offered / haven’t been offered more money by the management Exercise 4: Fill in the gap with a suitable relative pronoun
33 Have you got the money ……… I lent you yesterday 34 The man ……… I had seen before wasn’t at the party 35 This is a machine ……… cost half a million pounds
36 She’s the singer ……… has just signed a contract with a recording company 37 I don’t understand people ……… hate animals
38 The girl ……….was injured in the accident is now in the hospital 39 What was the name of the man ………lent you the money
Exercise 5: Arrange the words in each line so as to have a correct sentence 40 How / you / English / have / learnt / long?
………
41 English / I / for / learnt / years / now / have / ten ………
42 started / Have / you / French / to / learnt / yet ? ………
43 We / already / school / have / the / in / our / since / language / 1990 / studied ………
(17)……… Exercise 6: Choose the best answer
46 My aunt has just bought an ……… cooker
A electric B electrical C electricity D electrician 47 A …………is used to copy the information from a computer on to paper
A photocopier B printer C speaker D mouse 48 This robot is ……….of doing almost anything you ask
A able B possible C capable D could 49 The Internet helps us to interact ………other people around the world
A to B from C of D with 49 Robert is going to be famous someday He ………… in three movies already
A appeared B had appeared C has appeared D has been appearing 50 The chemistry book ………… was a little expensive
A that I bought it B I bought that C what I bought D that I bought 51 Do you remember Mrs Huong, ………… taught us English
A who B whom C that D which 52 I have been in this city for a long time I …….here sixteen years ago
A have come B was coming C came D had come
53 The man died because medical help was not helped A doctor should … … immediately A have called B been called C called D have been called 54 What makes a computer such a ………….device?
A miracle B miraculous C miraculously D wonder 55 Computers are capable ……… doing almost anything you ask
A in B at C of D with 56 You can relax with computer games or by listening to ……….music
A computer – played B computers – played C computer - playing D computers – playing
57 Quoc Hoc High School, ……… we are studying, is a famous school in Vietnam A which B that C where D in where 58 My father has bought me an ……….computer
A economical B electrical C electric D electronic 59 This is the last time I ……….an exercise like this
A B did C have done D would 60 You may borrow my bike ……… you are careful with it
A as much as B as long as C even if D expected 61 What is your ………subject at school ?
A preferred B favourite C liked D rather 62 A new hospital ………in the area lately
A was built B was being built C has built D has been built 63 This box ………….for a long time yet
A hasn’t been opened B hadn’t been opened C wasn’t opened D wasn’t being opened 64 The man ……… I had seen before wasn’t at the party
A whom B that C x D all are correct
(18)A magically B magical C magic D magician 66 Can you help me find the man …………saved the girl?
A which B whom C who D whose 67 None of the students ……… in our this problem yet
A have been solving B have solved C were solving D were solved 68 All of those ………….in favour of the motion, raise your hands
A who are B who is C whom are D whom is 69 I’d like to live in a country ………….there is plenty of snow in winter
A which B where C which D both B&C 70 John ……….to executive manager of an advertising company
A has just been promoted B has just been promoting C has just promoted D is promoting
71 How much money ……….for your vacation ?
A are you saved B have you been saved C have you saved D were you saved 72 We ………….to Da Lat several times It’s a foggy city
A were B have been C were being D would go 73 Fax machines were a wonder………at the time
A inventive B invention C discover D discovery 74 Please ……… the mess
A excuse B mind C remember D miss 75 They have made a lot of progress …… the country became independent A for B since C before D until
UNIT 6
I/ THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE : (HIỆN TẠI TIẾP DIỄN)
1/ Aff: S + IS / ARE / AM + V-ING + ……… Eg She is teaching now
2/ Neg: S + IS / ARE / AM – NOT + V-ING + ……… Eg She isn’t cleaning the house now 3/ Int: - IS / ARE / AM + S + V-ING + ……….? Yes, S + tobe / No, S + tobe-not
- Or
- WH / HOW + IS / ARE / AM + S + V-ING + ……… ? CÁCH DÙNG :
- Diễn tả hành động diễn kéo dài thời gian , diễn lúc nói
- Diễn tả hành động diễn có hành động khác xen vào (hành động diễn chia tiếp diễn, cịn hành động khác xen vào chia đơn)
- Diễn tả hai nhiều hành động xảy lúc ( tất chia tiếp diễn) - Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai gần có kế hoạch đặt trước Eg he ís coming tomorrow - Những câu nói bắt đầu moat động từ mệnh đề sau phải chia tiếp diễn
* NHỮNG TRẠNG TỪ THƯỜNG ĐI CHUNG VỚI THÌ NÀY LÀ: NOW, RIGHT NOW, AT PRESENT, AT THE MOMENT
CÁC QUI TẮC THÊM - ING :
- Nếu động từ tận “E” ta bỏ “E” thêm “ING” ( Ngoại trừ động từ sau: to age(già đi), to dye ( nhuộm), to single ( cháy xém) động từ tận “EE” không bỏ “E”)
(19)( Ngoại trừ động từ kết thúc W Y không gấp đơi)
- Nếu động từ có hai âm tiết hai âm tiết, tận phụ âm ,trước phụ âm nguyên âm dấu trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết cuối ta gấp đơi phụ âm thêm –ING : BEGIN BEGINNING - Nếu động từ tận “IE” ta đổi “IE” thành “Y” thêm _ING : LIE LYING
- Nếu tận “L” mà trước ngun âm đơn ta gấp đôi “L” thêm –ING : TRAVEL TRAVELLING
CHÚ Ý: Không dùng thể tiếp diễn với động từ nhận thức tri giác như: to be, see, hear,
understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love, hate,remember, realize, seem , forget, belong to, believe,…… Nếu ta thấy chúng thể tiếp diễn ta chuyển chúng thành thể đơn
II/ THE NEAR FUTURE TENSE ( THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN)
1/ Aff: S + IS / ARE / AM + GOING TO + V ( inf) + ………
2/ Neg: S + IS / ARE / AM – NOT + GOING TO + V ( inf) + ………
3/ Int: - IS / ARE / AM + S + GOING TO + V ( inf) + ………? Yes, S + tobe / No, S + tobe- not - WH / HOW + IS / ARE / AM + S + GOING TO + V ( inf) + ………?
* CÁCH DÙNG: - Dùng để diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai mà định từ trước có kế hoạch từ trước
- Để diễn tả hành động xảy mà tượng xuất Look! It’s going to rain
Chú ý: Những động từ di chuyển come, go, arrive, travel, return, move ta xác định chúng tương lai gần ta phải chuyển thành tiếp diễn
EXERCISES
I Use the correct form of verbs ( will do, be going to do, be V-ing )
1 Which project …………( you/ work ) on next ? I haven’t decided for sure Probably the Spacemobile Would you like to join Linda and me tomorrow? We ………( visit ) the natural history museum I’ve decided to try and learn a foreign language ? Have you ? Which language ……… ( you/ learn ) ? Look at those cars ! They ……… ( crash )
5 We are having a party next weekend Great ! Who ……… ……….( you/ invite ) ? I hope that you ………( have ) a good time tomorrow
7 It’s very cold I ……….( light ) a fire
8 I’ve bought a piano It ……….( deliver ) this afternoon
9 There is an international football match on TV tonight Liverpool ……… ( play ) against Manchester 10 The weather forecast says that it is 33o C and tomorrow it ……….( be hotter )
11 I ……… ( meet ) Mr Thompson at the airport at 4o’clock this afternoon 12 I ………( come and see ).and help you with your work, I promise 13 The meeting ……… ( organize ) this afternoon
14 You are going to leave for Paris on Sunday, ……….? ( tag question ) 15 It’s my birthday soon ( I/ be ) twenty next Friday
“ Oh, really ? (you/ have ) a party ? UNIT7
I/ THE PRESENT PERFECT ( THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH)
1/ Aff: S + HAS / HAVE + P.P (ed / III) + ……… Eg: I have already seen that play 2/ Neg : S + HAS / HAVE – NOT + P.P ( ed/ III) + ………
(20) No, S + haven’t / hasn’t - OR
- WH / HOW + HAVE / HAS + S + P.P ( ed/ III) + ………? CÁCH DÙNG :
- Diễn tả hành động xảy q khứ khơng có thời điểm xác định rõ ràng - Diễn tả hành động vừa xảy ra, vừa kết thúc : “Just”
- Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu khứ, cịn kéo dài đến có khả tiếp tục đến tương lai - Diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại nhiều lần khứ Eg Daisy haa read that novel several times
- Diễn tả hành động xảy khoảng thời gian chưa chấm dứt
Các trạng từ thường kèm với là: just (vừa mới) , recently ( gần đây), lately (gần nay), ever (đã từng), never (chưa bao giờ), already (rồi), yet (chưa), since (từ (thời điểm) ), for ( khoảng (thời đoạn) ), so far = until now = up to the present ( bây giờ)
Chú ý: trạng từ dùng kèm với hoàn thành câu đơn Đối với câu có hai mệnh đề trở lên đoạn văn động từ phải chia theo ngữ cảnh khơng phụ thuộc vào phó từ
II/ CỤM TỪ VAØ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ LÝ DO (PHRASES AND CLAUSES OF REASON) 1 PHRASES OF REASON
Cụm từ lý thường nối Because of
Note: Because of is interchangeable with expression due to Eg: Jan was worried because of the rain
2. MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHỈ LÝ DO
Because/ Since / As + clause ( S + V (be/V) ) , Clause. Clause + Because/ Since / As + clause ( S + V (be/V) ). Note: since As thường đặt đầu câu
Eg: He came ten minutes late because he missed the first bus
*Khi đổi từ mệnh đề (because) sang cụm từ (because of) , chủ ngữ giống ta dùng “ Gerund phrase”
Eg: She stayed at home because she was sick She stayed at home because of being sick III/ CỤM TỪ VAØ MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ SỰ NHƯỢNG BỘ
1 Cụm từ nhượng thường bắt đầu giới từ “ In spite of” “despite” ( mặc dù, cho dù)
Eg: In spite of the bad weather , we went swimming
2 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng bo ä thường bắt đầu với từ nối sau: Although, even though, no matter,whatever( dù , dù cho)
a
Clause + because of + N / N.Phrase / Gerund Phrase( V-ing) Because of + N / N.Phrase / Gerund Phrase(V-ing) , + Clause
In spite of / Despite + N / N.Phrase / Gerund Phrase , Clause.
Clause + In spite of / Despite + N / N.Phrase / Gerund Phrase
Although
(21)eg: Although the weather was bad , we went swimming b
Lưu ý: Mệnh đề bắt đầu “ No matter” Hoặc “whatever” thường đặt đầu câu
Eg: No matter who you are, I still love you
EXERCISES
I.Complete the sentences with Because, Because of, Although or In spite of
1 they had been lost in the mountains for days, they looked strong and healthy Mr Nam runs three kilometers every morning his old age
3 My uncle walked slowly his old age
4 his strong voice, we couldn’t understand him
5 computers offer so many advantages, a lot of people use them today They failed all their efforts
7 she is usually busy, she takes good care of her children They couldn’t go to the meeting on time there was traffic jam We didn’t have wonderful holiday the bad weather
10 computers offer so many advantages, I have to prevent my children from spending too much time with them
II Complete the sentences with Since or For or Ago I haven’t slept well last Monday
2 They met each other few days I’ve had a headache this morning The machine broke down an hour
5 It has been raining yesterday afternoon
6 They have been cleaning their house several hours
7 We haven’t played basketball I was a junior high school student The children have never been in the supermarket less than two hours Have you worked here almost a year?
10 I have been trying to get through on the phone the past hour III.Choose the best answer
1 There are five new programs on five (films/ channels/ comedies/ cartoon)
2 Did you see the wildlife program on TV last night? (excite/ exciting/ excited/ excitement) Watching TV, … is a unhealthy pastime, is his favourite hobby (who/that/which/ of which) Television can make things because it presents information in an effective way (memory/
memorable/ memorize/ memorizing)
5 This is the first time I Thailand (visit/ visited/ am visiting/ have visited)
6 There never been such a beautiful performance in this village before (is/ have/ has/ was) That was the first time we this machine (used/ use/ had used/ have used)
8 We have waited for Jill o’clock (since/ for/ ago/ during)
9 By listening to the radio, we receive information (orally/ aurally/ visually)
10 We stayed indoors in spite of (the bad weather/ the weather was bad/ the good weather/ the weather was good)
(22)11 The disc jocket is popular it introduces and comments on music very well (because/ because of/ in spite of/ although)
12 Our friend won a big prize when he took part in the on TV last week (game show/ talk show/ forecast/ comedy)
13 present discussions on a variety of topics and interviews with people from many professions (news/ commercials/ talk shows/ interview shows)
14 Tom and Jerry is my favourite (comedy/ cartoon/ play/ film)
15 TV helps us learn more the world and know many new things.(on/ in/ about/ over) 16 Watching TV is an way to relax (enjoy/ enjoying/ enjoyable/ enjoyment)
UNIT8 CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
I/ Điều kiện loại I: điều kiện xảy tương lai - Có hai mệnh đề: mệnh đề mệnh đề phụ( If / when / unless )
Mệnh đề (động từ chia tương lai đơn) - Mệnh đề phụ ( động từ chia đơn) S + will/can/shall/may + V(inf) + …………
(not)
Will not = won’t
If / when / unless + S + is/are/am (not)+… S(soá nhiều) + V(inf) +……… S (số ít) + V-s/es +……… S(số nhiều) + do-not + V(inf) +… S(số ít) + does-not + V(inf)+ …… If:
Unless: khơng, Unless = if not
If + caâu phủ định , MĐChính = Unless + câu khẳng định, MĐChính
Eg If you don’t study hard, you will fail the exam Unless you study hard, you will fail the exam Chú ý: Khi ta đổi câu điều kiện với từ nối “IF” sang “UNLESS”, nhớ lưu ý trường hợp:
Nếu sau mệnh đề IF thể khẳng định , chuyển If sang UNLESS ta phải giữ thể khẳng định mệnh đề ta phải đổi theo thể ngược lại
If + khẳng định , MĐChính ( KĐ) / ( PĐ ) => Unless + khẳng định, MĐChính ( PĐ ) / ( KĐ ) Mệnh đề phụ giữ nguyên , Mệnh đề đổi ngược lại Eg If I have time, I will help you
Unless I have time, I won’t help you * Unless = if not = or
Mênh đề phụ (câu mệnh lệnh) + or + mệnh đề Chú ý: - Sau unless If mệnh đề phụ
- Sau Or mệnh đề
Eg Study harder or you will fail the exam
Unless you study harder , you will fail the exam If you don’t study harder , you will fail the exam
(23)III/ Điều kiện loại 3: giả sử tình khơng có thật q khứ Mệnh đề
S + would/could/should/might + have + P.P-ed/III +… (not)
Mệnh đề phụ ( Quá khứ hoàn thành) If + S + had (not) + P.P-ed/III+………
* Chú ý: Ta diễn tả câu điều kiện mà khơng dùng IF hay UNLESS cách đảo ngữ sau động từ WERE(trong loại 2) HAD(trong loại 3) Lưu ý không làm với động từ khác
Eg If they were stronger, they could lift the table. Were they stronger, they could lift the table.
If he had studied hard, he would have passed his exam. Had he studied hard, he would have passed his exam
IV/ Provide ( that) , On condition (that), As long as, so long as ( miễn là, với điều kiện là); Suppose ,
Supposing( giả sử như),In case(trong trường hợp),Even if ( , dù cho)…….: dùng thay cho If câu điều kiện
Eg: In case I forget, please remind me of my promise EXERCISES
I Choose the best answer
1 Many Vietnamese farmers are living in ……… (poor, poverty, poorer, poorly)
2 After harvesting the ………., the farmers plough their land to prepare for another one (frog, crops, fields, farms )
3 They can not earn enough for living They are ……… need of many things.( in, of, on, for )
4 Many farmers find it difficult to make ends meet (get plenty of food, better their life, earn enough money for living, apply new farming methods)
5 They apply new farming methods to get bumper crops (good crops, cash crops, crops for buying, crop failure)
6 It is dangerous to drive fast on that road which is in bad condition and needs …………(decorating, pumping, resurfacing, damaging )
7 The poor family finally ……to send their children to school (managed, succeeded, directed, controlled) In order to ………… her parents’ wishes, she has studied hard (supply, see, provide, meet)
9 Farming ………… have been more and more improved (ways, methodologies, methods, means) 10 The farmers grow ………… crops for export (money, cash, coin, currency)
11 They have studied hard with the hope to ……… their living standard (improve, raise, widen, develop)
12……… economic growth and technological development, our life has been improved (Because, Thanks to, Despite, Although)
13 There are more green trees in my village now……….(than used to be , than there used to be , than there got used to, but not used to be)
14 The narrow streets … by wider ones.(are replaced, have been replaced, have replaced, has been replaced) Mệnh đề
S + would/could/should/might + V(inf) + ……
(not)
Mệnh đề phụ ( Quá khứ đơn) if + S + were(not) +………
S + V-ed/II + ………
(24)15 The villagers have tried a lot to ……… their lives ( better, further, higher, longer ) II Read the situations, then complete each sentences by saying : If ………
1 You want to leave the party now because you are worried about missing the last bus – If we ……….………
2 Your dog bites people A friend wants to touch the dog – If you ……….………
3 It’s raining You want to stand under a tree because you are worried about getting wet – If we ………….………
4 You want to take the bus to the city center Your friend wants to walk You are worried about getting tired - If we ………
5 You are walking to school with a friend You don’t want to be late You suggest hurrying – If we ………….………
III Turn into Reported Speech:
1 My father said, “I don’t know what happened.” ……… Mrs Smith said, “I went to the doctor yesterday.” ……… He said, “My son has a toothache.” ……… She said, “I’ll write him a prescription.” ………
5 They said, “We’re going to the drugstore this afternoon.” ……… The woman said, “The doctor gave me some pills.” ……… She said, “My mother goes to the supermarket every day.” ……… He said, “The children have received the envelope.” ……… They said, “Our parents visited Cannery Row last Sunday.” ……… 10 The little girl said, “I feel very sick.” ………
11 Henry said "My son is going to London in 10 days." ……….……… 12 Tim said "I had bread and omelet for lunch” ………
13 Mary said "The children will play cards the day after tomorrow." ……… 14 Daisy said "Your mother bought it three years ago, Jill." ……… 15 My mother said: "I will go downtown tomorrow." ………
16 The bodyguard said "Peter’s mother is going to play tennis today." ……… 17 Mary said: "Dennis’s father is enjoying life now." ………