Trong trường hợp nghĩa của câu thể hiện một mong muốn, yêu cầu hoặc sự việc nào đó chắc chắn khó mà xảy ra được thì dùng loại 2, nếu có khả năng xảy ra thì dùng câu điều kiện loại 1.. [r]
(1)CHUYÊN ĐỀ CHUYỂN ĐỔI CÁC LOẠI CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
PHẦN A: HỆ THỐNG LÝ THUYẾTCấu trúc câu điều kiện loại
Dùng để diễn tả hành động việc xảy tương lai Cấu trúc: If + S + Verb (thì tại), S + will (can, may) + Verb (nguyên mẫu)
E.g: If it is rain, we will cancel the meeting concert (Nếu trời mưa, chúng tơi hủy buổi hịa nhạc)
Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại
Dùng để diễn tả ước muốn, mong cầu mà khó xảy thực (hiện tại) tương lai
Cấu trúc: If + S + Verb (quá khứ), S +would (could, might) + Verb (nguyên mẫu)
Lưu ý: Nếu Verb vế “if” động từ tobe ln sử dụng “were” (khơng sử dụng “was”) E.g: If I had a lot of money, I would buy lots of designer clothes and bags
(Nếu tơi có nhiều tiền, tơi mua thật nhiều quần áo túi xách hàng hiệu) Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại
Dùng để diễn tả kiện, tình khơng thể xảy khứ Cấu trúc: If + S + had + V3/ed, S + would (could, might) + have + V3/ed
E.g: If you had not come to the meeting yesterday, you would have met our foreign boss (Nếu hơm qua anh khơng đến buổi họp trễ, anh gặp vị sếp nước ngồi cơng ty chúng ta)
Nhưng thực chất đến trễ Một số lưu ý câu điều kiện +Unless = if … not: không
+ Trong trường hợp đảo ngữ câu điều kiện “if” thay từ “should” cầu điều kiện loại 1, “Were” câu điều kiện loại “Had” câu điều kiện loại E.g: If she tries to study this problem, she will understand their nature (câu điều kiện loại 1) → Should she try to study this problem, she will understand their nature
E.g: If I were you, I would choose to study abroad to further my career (câu điều kiện loại 2) → Were I you, I would choose to study abroad to further my career
E.g: If he had gone to the United States to work, he would have had a good chance of advancing in his career (câu điều kiện loại 3)
→ Had he gone to the United States to work, he would have had a good chance of advancing in his career
Phân dạng tập viết lại câu điều kiện Dạng chia động từ
(2)Ví dụ: If I finished fixing the computer, I (will) continue playing the game
→ Trong trường hợp ta thấy động từ vế “if” khứ đơn nên động từ “will” cần chia “would” (quá khứ từ will)
Như đề cập ngồi việc cho biết vế có trường hợp trống động từ vế Lúc bạn cần phải dịch nghĩa câu, việc diễn tả hành động xảy khứ ta dùng câu điều kiện loại Trong trường hợp nghĩa câu thể mong muốn, yêu cầu việc chắn khó mà xảy dùng loại 2, có khả xảy dùng câu điều kiện loại
Ví dụ: If she (attend) the party, she (meet) her idol
→ Bởi vế động từ cần chia nên ta dịch nghĩa để xác định xác Ở dịch nghĩa thể kiện khứ “Nếu cô ta tham dự bữa tiệc ta gặp thần tượng mình” Sự việc khứ ta áp dụng cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại → If she attended the party, she would have met her idol
2 Dạng viết lại câu dùng if
Cách nhận dạng người ta để liên từ nối vế câu như: so, that’s why, because Những mẹo làm nhanh mà khơng cần hiểu nghĩa hồn tồn:
+ Nếu vế câu sử dụng liên từ chia tương lai đơn ta dùng cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại (chú ý không cần phủ định mệnh đề câu)
+ Nếu vế cịn vế tương lai ta sử dung if loại (chú ý lúc ta cần phủ định lại mệnh đề câu)
+ Nếu vế có q khứ ta dùng câu điều kiện loại
+ Trong câu có liên từ phủ định thi viết cấu trúc if ta bỏ “not” ngược lại + Xuất từ because vế ta thay từ “if” vế
+ Nếu xuất từ như: so that’s why ta để từ “if” vế lại câu Một số ví dụ minh họa
E.g: I did not buy that because it was not discounted → If it had discounted, I would have bought
E.g: She doesn’t like spicy food, so she doesn’t eat any food at the party → If she liked spicy food, she would eat any food at the party
3 Dạng viết câu điều kiện đối (từ if sang unless ngược lại)
Cách làm đơn giản bạn cần hiểu rõ if … not = unless E.g: If I did not like singing, I would not join this club
→ Unless I liked singing, I would not join this club
E.g: If he doesn’t apologize to me, I won’t be on his team → Unless he apologizes to me, I won’t be on his team
4 Dạng viết lại câu từ cấu trúc có “without” sang cấu trúc có “if”
Tương tự Unless without mang nghĩa khơng thì, mà ta dùng if… not để làm
(3)→ If you didn’t give me advice, I have failed this project E.g: Without the air, every creature on earth will be extinct → If there is no air, every creature on earth will be extinct
5 Dạng viết lại câu đổi từ câu có Or, otherwise sang câu điều kiện if
Cấu trúc dạng thường là: Câu mệnh lệnh yêu cầu + or/ otherwise + S + will …
Cách làm dạng thường bắt đầu “If you don’t” bỏ từ or/otherwise khỏi câu E.g: Listen, or you won’t follow the teacher’s lecture( Lắng nghe nào, bạn không theo kịp giảng giáo viên)
→ If you don’t listen, you won’t follow the teacher’s lecture (Nếu bạn không lắng nghe bạn khơng theo kịp giảng giáo viên)
6 Dạng viết lại câu mà đổi từ cấu trúc “But for” sang câu điều kiện if
Cách làm dạng ta cần sử dụng “if it weren’t for” mà thay cho từ “but for” câu, từ lại ta giữ nguyên không đổi
E.g: But for your car, I would be late for the meeting → If it weren’t for your car, I would be late for the meeting Ngồi đơi cịn có dạng câu điều kiện ám chỉ:
Provided (that), providing (that) mang nghĩa miễn với “if” In case: mang nghĩa phịng
Cách để vị trí từ “will/would” cho phù hợp “Will” đứng sau if
Rất gặp trường hợp mà câu điều kiện lại xuất từ will liền kề vế if Tuy nhiên phòng ngừa số trường hợp đặc biệt thi Sử dụng “will” vế if nhằm nhấn mạnh việc không diễn thực mà sau này, sau Ví dụ ta so sánh câu điều kiện sau:
Câu 1: If it’s convenient for you, we will someday travel together
(Nếu thuận tiện với bạn chọn ngày để du lịch nhau) Câu 2: If it will be convenient for you, we will someday travel together
(Nếu bạn thấy thuận tiện chọn ngày để du lịch nhau) → Mặc dù dịch nghĩa ta cảm thấy khơng khác nhau, nhiên thực chất câu người nói hàm ý khơng phải mà sau tính đến chuyện du lịch “Will/ would” đứng sau if
→ Thể lịng chấp thuận khơng vừa ý người nói + Khi mong muốn giúp đỡ, thực lời nhờ vả người khác Ví dụ 1:
Câu hỏi: Do you want me to turn off the air conditioner in your room? (Bạn có muốn tơi tắt máy lạnh phịng cho bạn khơng?)
Trả lời: Yes, if you will/ would (vâng, xin anh vui lòng)
(4)(Bạn vui lòng đợi sảnh, thông báo với sếp mình) + Khi đề cập đến khác
Ví dụ: If she will/would/could only study hard, I am sure she’d pass this exam (Nếu cô chịu cố gắng học tập nữa, chắn cô ta đậu kì thi.) + Trong viết trang trọng, lịch sự, nhã nhặn
Ví dụ: I’d feel very happy, if you will/would take me to the airport now
(Tôi cảm thấy hạnh phúc, anh vui lịng đưa tơi đến sân bay bây giờ) + Trong câu giao tiếp hàng ngày thể cảm xúc lòng, thuận ý trái ý lẫn
Ví dụ: If you accept this term, we will/would sign this contract agreement
(Nếu bạn chấp nhận điều khoản này, chúng tơi lịng ký kết thỏa thuận hợp đồng này.) PHẦN B: VÍ DỤ
Bài tập 1: Chia từ ngoặc theo hợp lý câu If I meet him, I (tell) him to come see you immediately
2 If Julia (repair) this old computer, he (use) it for another two years If I were you, I (go) to that seminar for more expertise
4 You (do) everything more perfectly if you listen to what I say If he (win) _ the contest this time, he (be) very rich… If she (work) lazily, she would be fired
7 If Jenny (have) more time, she will complete the entry very much better If it (rain) heavily, everyone has to postpone flight to Tokyo
9 If I (know) that you felt tired, I (come) to drive you
10 If Jack (clean) his house clean, he will be rewarded with candy from his mother 11 If I (have) a wish, I would wish I had lots of money
12 If he (love) me, he (do) _ anything to conquer me 13 If I see where your watch is, I (notify) you immediately 14 If she (win) that test, she (have) a good car
15 If I (agree) to go to the party last night, I (meet) _ my former boss 16 I (prepare) everything perfect for the party if you (pay) me high rent 17 My family (go) _ to the resort if the weather hadn’t been so bad today
18 If you (give) _ me a reasonable discount, I (buy) these goods in bulk 19 Lisa (feel) very happy if her boyfriend (show) up suddenly at the party 20 If you (send) _ an invitation to them, they would not come to this party
21 If John (speak) Chinese well, he (have) the opportunity to attend a meeting with the Chinese partner
(5)24 If you (lend) me money, I’ll buy a new phone for work
25 You will be honored to contribute to the completion of this project if you (put) effort into it
26 Mary (visit) her hometown in March if she (not have) any unexpected work 27 If I (be) you, I (not accept) becoming his subordinate
28 If you (not help) me with this project, I (not be) able to finish it so well 29 He will be fined if he (continue) to answer the phone while driving
30 You (feel) more excited if you (join) this concert ĐÁP ÁN
1 If I meet him, I will tell him to come see you immediately
2 If Julia had repaired this old computer, he could have used it for another two years If I were you, I would go to that seminar for more expertise
4 You can everything more perfectly if you listen to what I say If he wins the contest this time, he will be very rich…
6 If she worked lazily, she would be fired
7 If Jenny has more time, she will complete the entry very much better If it rains heavily, everyone has to postpone flight to Tokyo
9 If I had known that you felt tired, I would have come to drive you
10 If Jack cleans his house clean, he will be rewarded with candy from his mother 11 If I had a wish, I would wish I had lots of money
12 If he loves me, he will anything to conquer me
13 If I see where your watch is, I will notify you immediately 14 If she had won that test, she would have a good car
15 If I had agreed to go to the party last night, I would have met my former boss 16 I will prepare everything perfect for the party if you pay me high rent
17 My family would have gone to the resort if the weather hadn’t been so bad today 18 If you give me a reasonable discount, I will buy these goods in bulk
19 Lisa would feel very happy if her boyfriend showed up suddenly at the party 20 If you did not send an invitation to them, they would not come to this party
21 If John speaks Chinese well, he will have the opportunity to attend a meeting with the Chinese partner
22 He would never have known this secret if his mother had not revealed it so soon 23 Rose will be left behind in her travels if she continues to rest like this
24 If you lend me money, I’ll buy a new phone for work
(6)28 If you didn’t help me with this project, I wouldn’t be able to finish it so well 29 He will be fined if he continues to answer the phone while driving
30 You will feel more excited if you join this concert
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sau theo cấu trúc câu điều kiện She cannot cook because she feels very tired today He was so timid in love, so he lost her
3 Jane helps me survey the market, so I plan to share a commission with her You cannot understand me because you are a rich man
5 Tim drinks too much alcohol every day, that’s why he is hospitalized for treatment Kate likes K-pop music, so she spends the money to buy tickets for the concert He has many beloved girls, that’s why he becomes so arrogant
8 My health improves better because I exercise daily
9 I didn’t eat dinner with everyone, so I feel very hungry now 10 He got fired because he was too lazy
11 Stay away from this place or I’ll report the area’s security
12 You always complain about everything that happens in your life, that’s why I never want to work in a team with you
13 Follow the instructions or you will ruin everything 14 People will not go camping in this stormy weather 15 I love art, that’s why I organized this exhibition
ĐÁP ÁN If she didn’t feel very tired today, she could cook If he hadn’t been so timid in love, he wouldn’t lose her
3 If Jane didn’t help me survey the market, I wouldn’t plan to share a commission with her If you weren’t a rich man, you could understand me
5 If Tim didn’t drink too much alcohol every day, he wouldn’t be hospitalized for treatment If Kate didn’t like K-pop music, she wouldn’t spend the money to buy tickets for the concert If he hadn’t many beloved girls, he wouldn’t become so arrogant
8 If I didn’t exercise daily, I wouldn’t improve my health better
9 If I had eaten dinner with everyone, I wouldn’t feel very hungry now 10 If he hadn’t been too lazy, he wouldn’t have gotten fired
11 If you stayed away from this place, I wouldn’t report the area’s security
12 If you didn’t complain about everything that happened in your life, I would work in a team with you
13 If you didn’t follow the instructions, you would ruin everything 14 If it weren’t stormy, people would go camping
(7)Bài tập 3: Chọn đáp án
1 If he my husband, I very proud for that
A was/feeled B was/ will feel C were/would feel D were/ will feel
2 If you hard speaking English every day, you master it quickly A practiced/ would B practice/will C had practiced/would D practiced/ will He feel very happy if you to see his show tonight
A would/ came B won’t/come C will/come D wouldn’t/came
4 If the weather not too cold, we go out sightseeing A is/will B has been/will C being/would D was/would
5 If John to harass her, she report this to her manager
A continues/will B continued/would C had continued/would have D continues/ would You never have true love if you to rob it from others
A would/ want B will/want C will/wanted D would/ wanted
7 If he to other people’s opinions, he everything so badly
A had listened/wouldn’t have caused B listened/wouldn’t cause C listens/ won’t cause D had listened/wouldn’t cause
8 If I you, I his request immediately
A had been/ would have accepted B am/will accept C were/would accept D were/ would have accepted
9 You feel such pain if you experience it A will/do B won’t/ don’t C wouldn’t/didn’t D wouldn’t/don’t
10 You feel happy every day if you how to give love to everyone around you A will/ know B would/knew C won’t/know D wouldn’t/ knew
PHẦN C: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Task Viết lại câu cho nghĩa không đổi If you don't study harder, you 'll get bad marks
=> Unless Unless this man is a driver, he can’t help you move by car => If
3 If he doesn't practice writing every day, he can't improve his writing skill => Unless
4 Unless you return this book to the library today, you’ll have to pay a fine => If
5 Unless you go out more often, you might fall ill
=> If ĐÁP ÁN
(8)2 If this man is not a driver, he can’t help you move by car
3 Unless he practices writing every day, he can't improve his writing skill If you don’t return this book to the library today, you’ll have to pay a fine If you go out more often, you might fall ill
Task Viết lại câu cho nghĩa không đổi
1 Unless they were absent now, they would meet the head master => If Unless he cleaned up the car now, his boss could ask him to this => If
3 If I didn’t know the number, I would not ring her up
=> Unless If Peter didn’t study hard, he could not get good marks
=> Unless
5 If my sister didn’t have a terrible headache she wouldn’t be absent from her class => Unless
ĐÁP ÁN
1 If they were not absent now, they would meet the head master If he didn’t clean up the car now, his boss could ask him to this Unless I knew the number, I would not ring her up
4 Unless Peter studied hard, he could not get good marks
5 Unless my sister had a terrible headache she wouldn’t be absent from her class Task Viết lại câu cho nghĩa không đổi
1 Unless you had stayed at home yesterday, you wouldn’t have enjoyed a delicious meal => If
2 Unless he had been busy last night, he could have met his friends => If
3 If she hadn’t missed the bus, she wouldn’t have been late
=> Unless If he hadn’t been angry, he would have say something
=> Unless If he hadn’t had time, he wouldn’t have read this novel
=> Unless ĐÁP ÁN
1 If you had stayed at home yesterday, you wouldn’t have enjoyed a delicious meal If he had not been busy last night, he could have met his friends
(9)4 Unless he had been angry, he would have say something Unless he had had time, he wouldn’t have read this novel
Task Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it
1 He spent all his money He even borrowed some from me
=> Not only _ He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang
=> No sooner _ I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back
=> Hardly _ He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang
=> Not until We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months => Only _
ĐÁP ÁN
1 Not only did he spend all his money but she also borrowed some from me No sooner had I left the office than the phone rang
3 Hardly had I put the phone down when the boss rang back Not until the bell rang did he finish his work
5 Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease Task 5: Hoàn thành câu
1 If you go to Paris, where you (stay) _?
2 If you (swim) _ in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold
3 If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) _? The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) _thick
5 If the milkman (come) _, tell him to leave two pints I (call) _ the office if I were you
7 Someone (sit) _on your glasses if you leave them there If Mel (ask) _ her teacher, he’d have answered her questions I would repair the roof myself if I (have) _a long ladder
10 Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) _mad 11 If you were made redundant, what you (do) _?
12 We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) _out of petrol here 13 If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) _ fit to drink 14 If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _ you 15 I’ll probably get lost unless he (come) _with me
(10)17 If you (wear) _ a false beard, nobody would have recognized you 18 If she (leave) _ the fish here, the cat will eat it
19 You (have) _ no trouble at school if you had done your homework 20 Unless you (tell) the truth, I won’t help you
ĐÁP ÁN will you stay
2 swim
3 would you choose gets
5 comes would call will sit had asked had 10 will go
11 would you 12 run
13 won’t be
14 would have understand 15 comes
16 wouldn’t have 17 had worn 18 leaves
19 would have had 20 tell
Task 6: Viết lại câu sau sang dạng câu điều kiện thích hợp
1 Keep silent or you’ll wake the baby up → If you don't keep silent, you will wake the baby up
2 Stop talking or you won’t understand the lesson.→ If……… ….……
(11)7 Without this treatment, the patient would have died →……….….…
8 He lost his job because he was late every day →……… …… Peter is fat because he eats so many chips →……… …
10 Robert got a bad cough because he started smoking cigarettes →……… …
ĐÁP ÁN If you keep talking, you won't understand the lesson If I know her number, I will ring her up
4 If I know the answer, I will tell you
5 If we had had a map, we wouldn't have got lost
6 If Susan hadn't eaten four cream cakes, she wouldn't have felt sick If we hadn't had this treatment, the patient would have died
8 If he hadn't been late every day, he wouldn't have lost his job If Peter ate less chips, he wouldn't be fat
10 If Robert hadn't started smoking cigarettes, he wouldn't have got a bad cough Task 7: Chọn đáp án
1 When I stopped talking, Sam finished my sentence for me as though he … my mind A would read B.had read C.reads D can read If you…… , I would have brought my friends over to your house this evening to watch T.V, but I didn’t want to bother you
A had studied B studied C hadn’t been studying D didn’t study I wish I…… you some money for your rent, but I’m broke myself
A can lend B would lend C could lend D will lend If someone … …in to the store, smile and say, “May I help you?”
A comes B came C would come D could come “Here ‘s my phone number”
“Thanks I ‘ll give you a call if I …….some help tomorrow”
A will need B need C would need D needed If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I ….in a bank
A work B will work C have worked D would be working The deathrate would decrease if hygienic conditions … …improved
A was B is C were D had been
8 The education in Japan…… if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration
(12)9 If there… ….the ricefields could have been more productive
A had been enough water B were enough water C would be enough water D are enough water 10 The patient could not recover unless he ……an operation
A had undergone B would undergo C underwent D was undergoing ĐÁP ÁN
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