Only in this way, can you learn English well.( Chỉ bằng cách này) Note :“0nly”ở đầu câu ,nhưng nó bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thì không đảo.. Only the teachers are allowed to use t[r]
(1)ĐẢO NGỮ ( INVERSION ) ĐỊNH NGHĨA:
Trong số trường hợp phó t khơng đứng vị trí bình thường mà đảo lên đứng đầu câu
nh ằm nhấn mạnh vào hành động chủ ngữ Người ta gọi câu đảo ngữ Trong trường hợp ngữ pháp thay đổi, đằng sau phó t đứng đầu câu tr ợ động từ r ồi đến chủ ngữ động t
Ví dụ: Little did I know that he was a compulsive liar
At no time (= never) did I say I would accept late homework PHÂN LOẠI
- Đảo toàn bộ: đưa phận vị ngữ lên trước chủ ngữ Here comes the bus
- đảo phận: Đưa trợ động từ động từ tình thái lên trước chủ ngữ Has he gone to school?
- Note : Chủ ngữ đại từ có trường hợp khơng đảo CÁCH DÙNG:
I ĐẢO TOÀN BỘ
1 Trong câu với “There be ”: “be” có lúc đổi thành “ live , lie, stand” với ý trạng thái There is a boat in the river
There stands a temple on the top of the hill
2 Dùng câu mở đầu “here, there, now, then, in, out, down up, back, over ,away, off”. Now comes my turn
Here is a letter for you
Then followed three days of heavy rain In came the teacher, and the lesson began Off went the horses
Up went the arrow into the air First came the ambulance, then came the police
Note: Nhưng đại t nhân xưng làm chủ ngữ th ì động t ph ải để sau chủ ngữ: , Away they went , Round and round it flew
3 Nhấn mạnh tính từ (bổ ngữ): đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) “to be” trước để nhấn mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” trước S(chủ ngữ)
The probem is difficult.=>Difficult is the problem
The story he told me was such => Such was the story he told me
The days when we had nothing are gone.=> Gone are the days when we had nothing The flies are on the book.=> On the book are the flies
Note: Past participle đc xem tính từ:
Found in San Francisco is Lombard Street, the so-called crookedest street in the world Lost among the old tables and chairs was the priceless Victorian desk Located between San Francisco and Marin County is the Golden Gate Bridge , Bigger than an apatosaur is the blue whale , More important than your personal statement is your GPA
4.Kết cấu giới từ nơi chốn đưa lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh
(2)Chú ý: Có thể diễn đạt V-ing mở đầu cho câu động t “to be” đảo lên chủ ngữ: Hanging from the rafters were strings of onion
Standing in the doorway was a man with a gun Sitting on a perch beside him was a blue parrot 5.Dùng câu có dẫn lời nói trực tiếp
“ You have made great progress this term.” said our teacher
“Mr.Crossett,”said my father,”will you permit an old pupil to shake hands with you?” “Why didn’t you join us!” asked our monitor
II ĐẢO BỘ PHẬN
1.Trong câu có mệnh đề “as, though, no matter how, however” Thường đưa adj/ verb/ adv lên trước
Eg: a Although she is young, she knows a great deal => Young as/though she is, she knows a great deal b Although he works hard, he makes little progress => Hard as he works, he makes little progress => However hard he works, he makes little progress => No matter how hard he works, he makes little progress => Much as he works hard, he makes little progress c Although he drove carefully, he crashed into the tree
=> Drive carefully as he could/might/possible, he crashed into the tree 2 Trong câu điều kiện lược “if ” đưa “were, had, should” lên đầu câu
a If you were a fish, the cat would eat you => Were you a fish, the cat would eat you.
b If your father had known this, he would have given you advice => Had your father known this, he would have given you advice c If you should need my help, phone me at once
=> Should you need my help, phone me at once
3 Câu đảo ngữ có chứa từ phủ định bán phủ định: a Nhóm từ “rarely, seldom, never, hardly, scarcely”:
a I’ve never been more insulted => Never have I been more insulted
b He seldom sees anything stranger => Seldom does he see anything stranger
c She rarely saw him looking so miserable.=>Rarely did she see him looking so miserable d The man can hardly walk without a stick => Hardly can the man walk without a stick e She scarcely phones us after 9.00 p.m => Scarcely does she phone us after 9.00 p.m b Cấu trúc câu “not only…but also….”
Eg: 1.He not noly studies well, but also he sings perfectly => Not only does he study well, but also he sings perfectly She is not only rich, but she is also beautiful
=> Not only rich she is, but she is also beautiful They bought not only the house but also the car => Not only did they buy the house but also the car
c Câu mở đầu từ ngữ sau : not, little, nowhere, by no means, at no time , In no way, hardly/ scarcely….when, no sooner…than, not until neither…nor,
(3)He didn’tot give me a penny => Not a penny did he give me
- Little: They little realized that Ted was a secret agẹnt => Little did they realize that … She didn't know what will happen to her next => Little did she know …… - nowhere: I can’t find my passport anywhere = I can find my passport nowhere => Nowhere can I find my passport
- by no means: Hồn tồn khơng
He by no means intends to criticize your idea = He doesn’t intend …by any means => By no means does he intend to criticize your idea
- at no time: = never = never at any time
I never suspect you => At no time I suspect you - In no way: Khơng có thể
I could in no way agree with you => In no way could I agree with you - hardly/ scarcely….when = no sooner…than
I stopped as soon as I saw her
= I hardly had seen her when I stopped => Hardly had I seen her when I stopped = I no sooner had seen her than I stopped.=> No sooner had I seen her than I stopped Note: Hardly, barely, scarely tương đương nhau
Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain No sooner had he left home than it began to rain - not until: = Only when :
I didn’t wake up untill am today
=> It was not until am today that I woke up => Not untill am today did I wake up
I didn’t know him until I started to study English
=> It was not until I started to study English that I knew him Not untill I started to study English did I know him
=> It was only when I started to study English that I knew him Only when I started to study English did I know him
- neither…nor:
Neither has he called on her, nor will he so
No one has volunteered for the job, nor we expect anyone to volunteer in the future , Hok-ming cannot speak Portuguese, nor can José speak Cantonese
- under no circumstances: truờng hợp khụng, không đời , không You shouldn’t go out late under any circumstances
=> Under no circumstances should you go out late
- On no account /on no condition: Không lý gì, On no accout must this switch be touched
On no condition are they open to fire without a warning
4 Nhóm câu mở đầu từ cụm từ sau “often, always, once, many a time ,now and then, every other day
Often I tell her about my life here.
Many a time has he helped me with my experiment
5 Câu mở đầu “0nly” phận trạng ngữ mà kết hợp: only after, only then, only when…
Only after/only when/only then/only if + trợ động t ừ + S + V…: sau khi… Only by + noun/V-ing + trợ động t ừ/ động t ừ khuyết th iế u + S + V….: cách làm gì
1 Only then/once/later did I understand the problem (Chỉ sau lúc tơi hiểu vấn đề)
(4)You can pass the exam once you study harder => Only by studying harder can you pass this exam I didn’t post it until later => Only later did I post it
He came home only at midnight => Only at midnight did he come home Chú ý: câu có hai m ệnh đề, dùng đảo ngữ m ệnh đề th ứ hai
Only when you grow up, can you understand it Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you
Only a f ter the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before Only in this way, can you learn English well.( Chỉ cách này) Note :“0nly”ở đầu câu ,nhưng bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ tân ngữ khơng đảo Only the teachers are allowed to use the room.
Only him we could find in the room just now 6 Trong câu hỏi
What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?
What you think the two cheats pretended to be doing?(chú ý) What makes you so angry? (chú ý)
7.Cách nói lặp lại ý ,dùng “so, nor, neither” He has finished his work, so have I You can’t it, nor can I
Note : - Nếu chủ ngữ giống , phía sau diễn tả ý “đúng vậy” khơng đảo It is fine today, so it is
- Phía trước phức tạp : Các chủ ngữ khác - Có hai câu trở lên - vừa có khẳng định vừa có phủ định dùng cách nói sau :
So it is/was with sb It is /was the same with sb The same goes for sb
Eg: Her mother is a doctor and works in the People’s Hospital So it is with mine 8 .Câu chúc mở đầu “may”
May you have a good journey! May you succeed!
9 Nhóm từ “so, such”
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “So” mang cấu trúc sau: So + adj/adv + Aux Verb + S + V + that… Eg: So strange was the situation that I couldn't sleep
So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare So carelessly did he drive that he had two accdents last month So loudly did he speak that all of us could hear him clearly So angry was he that he couldn’t speak
Câu đảo ngữ có chứa “Such” mang cấu trúc sau: Such + to be + Danh từ + that … Eg: Such is the moment that all greats traverse (Thật thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao) Such is the stuff of dreams (Thật giấc mơ vô nghĩa
phó đầu câu ủa chủ ngữ N tr ợ động từ r đại t nhân m ệnh đề th