UNIT 9: THE POST OFFICE I- Choose the word among A, B, C, D that best fits the blank in the following passage: The telephone was invented in the1876 by Alexander Graham Bell, a Scotsman (1)----- became a US citizen. The word “telephone” had been in existence since the 1830s and had been (2) ------ to a number of inventions designed to produce sounds. Bell had become interested in the possibility of long- distance speech through his work with the deaf. He was twenty- eight and his assistant, Thomas Watson, was (3)------ twenty- one when they (4)------ their great success on 10 th March 1876. Despite their long and close association, Bell’s first (5) ------ by telephone was not “ Tom, come here, I want you”, but “ Mr. Watson, come here, I want you” 1. A- where B- which C- who D- whose 2. A- joined B- named C- employed D- applied 3. A- quite B- just C- simply D- lately 4. A- achieved B- managed C- succeeded D- fulfilled 5. A- communicate B- communicative C- communication D- communicatively ANSWER KEYS: 1- C 2- D 3- B 4- A 5- C II- Choose the word among A, B, C, D that best fits the blank in the following passage: Before the (1)…… of the postage stamp, it was difficult to (2) …… a letter to another country. The sender paid (3) …… the letter to travel in his or her own country. Then the person in the other country was the payer of that part of the trip. If a letter crossed several countries, the problem was worse. Rowland Hill, (4) …… was a British teacher, had the idea of a postage stamp with gum on the back. The British post office made the first stamps in 1840. A person bought a stamp and put it on a letter, the post office (4) …… the letter. When people received letters, they didn’t pay anything. The letter were prepaid. 1. A- invent B- invention C- inventive D- inventively 2. A- write B- receive C- send D- copy 3. A- with B- on C- of D- for 4. A- who B- whom C- whose D- that 5. A- sent B- delivered C- marked D- sorted ANSWER KEYS: 1- B 2- C 3- D 4- A 5- B III- Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers. The last two decades have seen enormous changes in the way people's lives are affected by IT. Twenty years ago, few people had access to a computer while today most people use them at work, home or school and use of e-mail and the Internet is an every day event. These developments have brought many benefits to our lives. E-mail makes communication much easier and more immediate. This has numerous benefits for business, commerce, and education. The World Wide Web means that information on every conceivable subject is now available to us. Clearly, for many people this has made life much easier and more convenient. However, not all the effects of the new technology have been beneficial. Many people feel that the widespread use of e-mail is destroying traditional forms of communication such as letter writing, telephone and face-to-face conversation. In addition, the huge size of the Web means it is almost impossible to control and regulate. This has led to many concerns regarding children accessing unsuitable websites. In conclusion, developments in IT have brought many benefits, yet I believe developments relating to new technology in the future are likely to produce many negative effects that will need to be addressed very carefully. 1- In the last twenty years A. there have been dramatic changes in the field of computer science B. people's lives have been changed a lot because of the invention of the computer. C. the World Wide Web and e-mail communication have affected modern life. D. there have been developments in telecommunications. 2- According to the passage, E-mail A. reduces face-to-face contact B. can be checked quickly and easily C. is used only in business D. takes a lot of time to transmit 3- The World Wide Web and e-mail communication A. causes a busy and exciting life B. have also been used for education purpose C. is difficult to get access to D. is destroying traditional customs 4- What does the IT stand for? A. Information Transfer B. Information Transmission C. Information Theory D. Information Technology 5- The writer thinks future IT developments will be A. more positive B. more negative C. more rapid D. unexpected ANSWER KEYS: 1- C 2- A 3- B 4- D 5-B UNIT 10: NATURE IN DANGER I- Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers. Wild animals (and wild plants) and the wild places where they live are seriously threatened almost everywhere. One species has become extinct in each year of this century. But many hundreds are now in danger. Lack of attention would lead to the rapid advance of the process of extinction. Already many kinds of wild animals has been so reduced in number that their role in the ecosystem is forgotten. Animals like the great apes, the whales, seals etc. thought to be in danger of extinction. But even more important, perhaps than individual kinds of animals and plants, whole habitats are in danger of vanishing: marshes are being drained, and the world forests, especially tropical forests are being cut down to satisfy man’s needs of timber and paper. What would our world be like if all the wild animals and wild plants vanished? - Would our life still exist then? 1. What would happen to the human beings if the wild life vanished? A. Many species would quickly become extinct. B. Tropical forests would be cut down. C. The human life would be seriously threatened. D. Species would go on dying out. 2. What is more important than individual kinds of animals and plants? A. The vanishing of whole habitats. B. The extinction of many species. D. Man’s need of timber and paper. C. The rapid advance of the process of extinction. 3. What does the writer caution us against? A. cutting down the tropical forests. B. hunting wild animals. C. draining marshes. D. destroying our environment. 4. What would happen if we cut down forests? Cutting down forests would cause …………… A. the changes of temperature. B. the flood C. both A and B are correct. D. none are correct. 5. “To threaten” in the passage means ………… A. to pollute B. to give fear to C. to vanish D. to poison ANSWER KEYS: 1- C 2- A 3- D 4- C 5- B II- Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers. In Southeast Asian, many forests have been cut down to produce timber and to clear land for farms and industries. The destruction of forests has reduced the living space of wildlife. Much of Asian’s wildlife is also threatened by over- hunting. Many people kill animals for food or hunt them to sell to zoo, medical research, and pet trader. Because of habitat destruction and over- hunting, many large Asian animals, including elephants, rhinoceroses, and tigers, have become endangered. In China, people have cut down most of the forests for wood, which has caused serious soil erosion. The soil is deposited in rivers and streams, which lowers the quality of the water. The Huang He, or Yellow River, is so named because the light- coloured soil gives the water a yellowish colour. The soil has also raised the riverbed. As a result, the Huang He often floods, causing great property damage and loss of life along its banks. 1- The living space of wildlife in Southeast Asia A- is a threat to farmers B- is near farms and industries. C- has been reduced when forests are cut down. D- is rebuilt when people destroy forests 2- The word over- hunting has the closest meaning to A- hunting too much B- hunting in the highlands C- hunting overseas D- hunting for wildlife 3- Rhinoceroses and elephants are mentioned as an example of A- endangered animals in Asia. B- large animals kept in zoos. C- animals attracted to medical research D- animals traders want to have 4- The Huang He A- is a deep river in China B- receives soil which betters the quality of water C- has it name from the colour of its water D- runs between forests 5- The Huang He often floods because A- of the low quality of the quality B- wood is deposited in rivers C- water from many streams flows into it D- the river is shallow due to the raised riverbed ANSWER KEYS: 1- C 2- A 3- A 4- C 5- D III - Choose the word among A, B, C, D that best fits the blank in the following passage: Wild animals play an important part in the balance of nature, and (1) … us with many important products. Birds and other small animals help control (2) ……. Wild animals provide fur, food, and recreation. They (3) …… make our surrounding more interesting. Uncontrolled hunting (4) …… destroyed much wildlife. People have also harmed animals by destroying their habitats. Many animals, such as the passenger pigeon, have disappeared completely. Others, including the whopping crane, the blue whale, and the American alligator, are in danger of dying (5) ……. 1. A- supply B- provide C- help D- give 2. A- insects B- snakes C- butterflies D- worms 3. A- too B- either C- as well D- even 4. A- was B- had C- has D- have 5. A- away B- off C- down D- out ANSWER KEYS: 1- B 2- A 3- D 4- C 5- D UNIT 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY I. Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer: The rapid growth of China and India means that a lot more oil will have to come from somewhere. World demand has grown faster in the past five years than in the second half of the 1990s. Today we consume an average of 85 million barrels daily and that figure will rise to 113 million barrels by 2030. A survey of the four countries with the biggest reported reserves – Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq and Kuwait – reveals major concerns. Iran became the first major oil producer to introduce oil rationing. A report on Saudi Arabia’s oil reserves showed that the figure went from 79 barrels a day in 2002 to 84.5 million in 2004. There are still 909 billion tons of coal worldwide, enough to last at least 155 years. But coal is a dirty energy resource. The natural gas fields should last 20 years longer than the world’s oil reserves and is expensive to extract and transport. Hydrogen fuel cells can provide us with an energy source but there is not enough hydrogen to go round and the few clean ways of producing it are expensive. Oil – dependent nations are turning to renewable energy source. An increase in the using of oil all over the globe will increase the chance of a disaster and the risk of dangerous substances getting into the atmosphere. 1. The text is about _____. A. the increasing number of oil used. B. harvesting oil. C. oil and disaster. D. oil in Chine and Indian. 2. The figure in the text shows that____. A. more and more oil are used. B. less and less oil has been used. C. China is the first major oil producer. D. Iran is the most oil consumers in the world. 3. Coal is ____. A. a clean energy. B. the only energy in the world. C. a polluting energy. D. never used up. 4. According to the writer, _____. A. We can use hydrogen fuel to replace oil. B. hydrogen fuel is clean. C. clean energy is cheap enough for us to produce. D. there is enough hydrogen fuel for every purposes in the world. 5. We can learn from the text that _____. A. we can’t find any cleaner energy. B. the more coal we use the more polluted the atmosphere is. C. the world demand on coal is increasing. D. China and Indian do not need coal any more. ANSWER KEYS: 1- A 2- A 3- C 4- B 5- B II. Read the passage and choose the best answer: Scientists often divide resources into two groups: renewable and non– renewable. When a resource is used, it takes some times to replace it. If the resource can be replaced quickly and easily, it is called renewable. If it can not be replaced quickly and easily, it is non- renewable. All fossil fuels are non-renewable resources. Solar energy, air, and water are usually called renewable because there is an unlimited supply. However, this definition may change if people are not careful with these resources. The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends on the atmosphere. If the atmosphere is polluted, the solar energy that reaches the earth may be dangerous. If humans continue to pollute the air, it will not contain the correct amounts of these gases. Many resources are limited and non- renewable, and many are in danger of pollution. As a consequence, resources must be conserved and the environment protected. Conservation must become an important part of everyone’s life. 1. How many kinds of resources are mentioned in the passage? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5 2. Non-renewable resources are those which A. are unlimited B. can be replaced quickly and easily C. take million of the years to replace D. are used every day such as solar energy and water 3. What will happen if the atmosphere is polluted? A. The air won’t contain the correct amounts of natural gases B. Life won’t continue as it does C. Renewable resources will soon become non- renewable D. All are correct 4. The word conservation in the passage is opposite to A. prevention B. pollution C. protection D. preservation 5. Why do we have to conserve resources? A. Because many resources are limited and non-renewable B. Because conservation plays an important part in everyone’s life C. To keep the air from being polluted D. To make natural resources renewable ANSWER KEYS: 1- A 2- C 3- D 4- B 5- A III. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase . (1)___ more and more countries become industrialized, there will be more and more competition for petroleum for cars, home heating, and industry. While (2) ____ petroleum contributes greatly (3) ____ acid rain, it is less (4) ____ than coal. Unfortunately, petroleum is more expensive than coal and the supply of petroleum will eventually run out. Therefore, there will be more and more pressure to burn coal for energy. Coal is a (5) _____ dirtier energy source than petroleum. Since we already know how destructive acid rain is, it is very important that we increase our efforts to find a non – polluting source of energy as quickly as possible so that we can avoid further environmental damage. 1. A. Although B. Even C. As D. Also 2. A. burning B. flowing C. blowing D. releasing 3. A. to B. on C. for D. with 4. A. pollute B. polluting C. pollution D. polluted 5. A. more B. much C. many D. most ANSWER KEYS: 1- C 2- A 3- A 4- B 5- B . get access to D. is destroying traditional customs 4- What does the IT stand for? A. Information Transfer B. Information Transmission C. Information Theory. animals in Asia. B- large animals kept in zoos. C- animals attracted to medical research D- animals traders want to have 4- The Huang He A- is a deep river