Khi trong câu tiéng anh ở phần vị ngữ(predicate) có cụm hay nhóm động từ có quan hệ phụ thuộc(dependecy), trong đa số các trường hợp, động từ thứ hai trong vị ngữ có dạng to-infinitive [r]
(1)Grammar Infinitive with “to” and infinitive without “to”
Khi câu tiéng anh phần vị ngữ(predicate) có cụm hay nhóm động từ có quan hệ phụ thuộc(dependecy), đa số trường hợp, động từ thứ hai vị ngữ có dạng to-infinitive bare infinitive
I hope to see you again next year
I want you to attend the coming seminar on ELT The plot of the film made her cry
Sau cách dùng động từ nguyên thể thông dụng
I Usage
A to – infinitive
Một số động từ định kèm số động từ dạng nguyên thể như: agree, aim, attempt, decide, hope, hate, offer, wait, deserve, promise, plan, manage, refuse, afford, learn,forget, threaten, arrange
Cấu trúc:
Verb + to-infinitive ( V+ to sth)
They decided to spend their holidays on HonTre island She claimed to know the best actress of the year I hate to receive unwanted guests
Đứng sau tân ngữ ( object) động từ tell, invite, remind, encourage, force, enable,teach, order, warn, invite, pesuade, get( persuade, arrange for)
Verb + object + to-infinitive ( V + Sb+ to sth)
They advised me to wait until tomorrow
The teacher tells her students to hand in their home exercise tomorrow Đứng sau tính từ(adjective)
We are happy to be home at last
The student are certain to pass the exams
Chú ý: chuyển sang dạng phủ định (negative) em phải lưu ý: not + to-infinive They decided not to spend their holiday in Thinh Long beach
They advised me not to go out late at night
B Bare infinitive
Được dùng sau động từmake, have với nghĩ nguyên cớ (causative)
The Brown made their children clean their room The guest had the porters carry their luggage upstairs
Được dùng sau động từ giác quan see, hear, feel,notice, taste, smell,
We incidentally saw the plane crash into the moutain The man noticed his assistant leave work earlier than usual
Đuợc dùng sau động từ let help
My brother let me use computer
The parents helped their children set up the tent
Khi chuyển sang câu bị động em phải thêm to vào động từ: The Brown made their children clean their room
-> The children were made to clean their room by the Brown
II Exercise.
Exercise Complete the sentences, using the appropriate forms of the verb in the box.
Find know use take pass look touch finish keep write complete
(2)4 Our teacher encourges us a dictionary whenever we are unsure of the meaning of a word Before I went away to college, my mother remind me her a letter once a week
6 Mrs Long has warned her young children not the hot stove
7 The student on the corner pretended the answers to the teacher’s questions Residents are not allowed pets in that apartment building
9 All applicants are required the entrance examination
10 Ann advised her sisters the plane instead of driving to San Francisco
Exercise Infinitives after Adjectives.
Complete the sentences using the appropriate form of the verbs in the box
Go stay see find out hear read
receive go be help wlk study
Example: I’m eager to go on vacation soon
1 I was glad a present from my old closest friend I was relieved that I had passed the exam
3 The jet pilot was very lucky alive after the plane crash The children were anxious to the circus
5 Dung didn’t feel like going anywhere He was comtent at home and a book The teacher is always willing the students
7 The students are motivated English
8 Thanh ws hesitant home alone on the dark street I was suprised Mr Suzucho at the meeting
10 We were very sorry the bad news about the collapse of the brigde
Exercise 3.Complete the sentences in the following paraghraph with verb + infinitive Use two verbs in the parentheses in the correct order The first is done for you.
Do you ( take, know how) know how to take care of an accident victim? Suppose that a car hits a child and the child is lying in the street What you do? Well, first of all, don’t (move, try) the victim You (ought,stay) with him or her while people calls for help.You
( check, need) the child’ pulse first If there is no pulse, ( do, begin) CPR
( Cardiopulmonary resuscitation) immediately) Sometimes there is a pulse, but the victim is not breathing In that case,you’ll ( have, perform) mouth-to-mouth resuscitation ( articifial respiration)If the child is conscious, he or she may( start, get) upset You’ll (calm, want) him or her ( Promise, stay) .8 with th victim, ( continue, take) care of the injured child until the ambulance arrives
Exercise Rewrite the sentences using It + be + adjective If possible, use of/ for + pronoun after the adjective.
Example: She was brave to spend the night in the old house alone -> It was brave of her to spend to the night in the old house
1 Such a magnificent performance was wonderful to hear -> You were maen to eat all the cake and not leave any for me -> They were unresonable to complain about the exam results -> The top of the jar was awkward to get off ->
5 The shelves were simple to put up ->
6 He was unprofessional to criticize the head teacher in fron of the staff -> You were kind to give bithday presents to the children ->
8 Shy people have a hard time meeting others at social events.(difficult) -> Students need to have strategies to remember new information.( necessary) -> 10 Scientists will never know the origin of every disease in the world.( impposible) ->
Exercise Complete the sentences Use the correct form of the verbs in the brackets The headmaster begins ( arrange) the matter at one
2 She loves( swim) in the early morning They agreed ( be) present at the opening ceremony I don’t want (force) you ( do) what I say Most people prefer (drive) to ( ride)
6 They have stopped (do) bussiness because of bad situations I must ask you (stop, talk)
8 Let me( help) you (get) it right
(3)12 the manager let me ( watch) the actors and actresses (rehearse) 13 They denied( destroy) the flower beds in the schoolyard
14 He spends ages ( play) games online
15 They promised (help) me (prepare) for the party
Exercise Put the words in the correct order to have complete sentences Use the verbs in their appropriate infinitive or –ing forms.
Example: manager/see/ now/ want/ I / the -> I want to see the manager now
1 Children/ buy/ often/ comics and sweet/ want/ their parents/ them.-> their patients/ high in fats/ eat/ Many doctors/ avoid/ advise/ food
3 stay/ like/ home/don’t/ all / weekend/ I
4 exercise/ experts/remind/ once/ us/ day/ to Health/ regularly/ every The/ parking attendant/ for free/ didn’t/ allow/ the/ park/ woman brothers/ together/ to live/ We/ lear/must/ as ( Martin Luther King) children/ spend/ time/ I’d like / with/ the/ more/ honeless/ enjoy We/ get up/ for/ don’t/ than/ earlier/ usual/ work/ mind
9 mountainous/ new/ I /areas/ decided/ branches/ in/open
10 Why/ suggestions/ don’t /instead of / make/ some/ complain/ you? 11 It’s/ careful/ plans/ necessary/ make
12 summer/ said/ i’d/ go/this/like
13 my leg/ I /craw up/ can/ something/feel 14 be/seem/good/He/ preferred/than/ good
15 English/ studies/ better/ have/a/ She/ job/chance/ of get/ good/ a
Gerund
Hãy xem ví dụ sau:
I enjoy dancing (not to dance)
Would you mind closing the window? (not close) She suggested going to the cinema tonight.( not to go)
Sau từ enjoy, mind, suggest dùng V-ing ( not to_verb) Các động từ sau theo quy luật trênVerb + V_ing:
Deny Admit Suggest
Consider (cân nhắc) Fancy ( mến thích) Miss
Finish
Involve( liên quan) Avoid
Risk( liều lĩnh) Postpone Practise Imagine
Have you ever considered going to live in other coutry? I don’t fancy going for a walk wit my friends tonight Ở dạng phủ định not + V-ing
When I’m on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early
2 V- ing dùng sau giới từ: on/ at/ in / off
Paul don’t give up smoking
We must something We don’t go on living like this
3 Đối với số động từ( keep, stop, imagine ) em dùng cấu trúc: Verb+ sb+ V-ing I can’t imagine George riding this bicycle
Exercise Complete each sentence with a suitable verb.
Answer apply be be listen make
(4)Exercise Complete the sentences for each situation using V-ing
Exercise 3
(5)Exercise 5
Exercise 6
Exercise
(6)Exercise
Exercise 10
Exercise 11
(7)Exercise 13
Exercise 14 Put the verb into crrect form v-ing or To –V sometime either form possible.
(8)Exercise 16.Put the verb into correct form –ing or to- verb.
Exercises for Gerund or Infinitive
Ex 1: Complete the following sentences using bare infinitive or to infinitive “ ” “ ” He made me (do) it all over again
She can (sing) quite well
He will be able (swim) very soon I used (live) in a caravan
You ought (go) today It may (rain) tomorrow I want (see) the house where our president was born He made her (repeat) the message
May I (use) your phone?
10 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him
11 If you want (get) there before dark you should (start) at once 12 I couldn't (remember) his address
13 You'll be able (do) it yourself when you are older
14 Would you like (go) now or shall we (wait) till the end?
15 They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined 16 I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day
17 Will you help me (move) the bookcase?
18 He wouldn't let my baby (play) with his gold watch 19 They refused (accept) the bribe
20 Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible 21 He made us (wait) for hours
22 Could you (tell) me the time, please? 23 We must (send) him a telegram
(9)26 You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want) (take) him with you
27 I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go) 28 We could (go) to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum 29 You seem (know) this area very well ~Yes, I used (live) here 30 The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police
31 You can (take) a horse to water but you can't (make) him (drink)
32 I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of the month
33 It is easy (be) wise after the event
34 Do you (wish) (make) a complaint?
35 If you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up 36 Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals
37 Could I (see) Mr Pitt, please?- I'm afraid Mr Pitt isn't in Would you like (speak) to his secretary'
38 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him
39 He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt 40 I felt the house (shake) with the explosion,
41 Would you like (come) in my car? ~ No, thanks I'd rather (walk) 42 It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) t under your bedin an
old stocking
43 The bank robbers made the cashier (show) them how (open) the safe 44 If you knew he was wrong, why didn't you (say) something?
45 It's better (be) sure than sorry
46 I saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes 47 That is far too heavy for one person (carry) ; let me (help) you
48 I saw the plane (crash) into the hill and (burst) into flames
49 There is nothing (do) but (wait) till somebody comes (let) us out 50 He heard a cock (crow) in a neighbouring village
51 You may as well (tell) us the truth It will (be) easy (check) your story 52 The American said he had seen nine presidents (come) and (go) He must
(be) a very old man
53 Would you rather (be) more stupid than you look or (look) more stupid than you are?
54 I have a lot of homework ( do) tonight, so I cannot go out with you 55 it is really interesting ( read) these books
56 He felt lonely, he had no friends ( play) with
57 He doesn’t have enough money ( buy) a new house 58 His explanations were difficult ( understand)
59 I felt something (bite) my finger
60 I will let you ( borrow) my car as long as you promise ( be) careful 61 They decided ( not/ go) to the park as it was raining hard
62 The sea wasn’t warm enough for us (go) swimming 63 I was too tired ( do) any more work
64 As she drove past his house she noticed him ( run) away from home 65 I want you ( tell) me the whole truth
66 We had nothing ( do) except looking at the cinema posters
Ex 2: Rewrite each sentence as directed ( using the structures with To Infinitive and Bare Infinitive above)
1 The mechanic serviced my car last week
I had the mechanic I felt nervous when I traveled by air
Travelling by air made He could not afford to buy the car
The car was too expensive I advised you to put your money in the bank
You had
better There is no need for you to talk so loudly
You don’t have “You must ask me for permission before leaving” the teacher said to Tom
The teacher made Tom The house shook violently and all of us felt that
All of us felt the house We can’t possibly work in this noise
(10)Mr Puncher doesn’t let 10 Contacting her at work in usually quite easy
It’s quite easy 11 “Mr John left the house very early this morning”, Tom said
Tom said that he saw 12 Jimmy got into his car and drove away I saw this
I saw Jimmy 13 Can you sign the papers please? They are ready
The papers are 14 Harry’s parents didn’t allow him to smoke and drink
Harry’s parents didn’t let 15 I think that you should make a decision soon
I want 16 They talked in the next room
I heard 17 The customs officer told him to open his briefcase
The custom officer made 18 The animal moved towards me, I felt it
I felt 19 You can use my car if you want to
I will let 20 My father said I could use his car
My father allowed 21 I was surprised that it rained
It didn’t expect 22 He looks older when he wears glasses
Wearing glasses made 23 My lawyer said I shouldn’t say anything to the police
My lawyer advised 24 If you have a car you are able to go places more easily
Having a car enables 25 Don’t let me forget to call my sister
Please remind 26 I think he should leave early
I want 27 He said he would pick me up
He promised 28 Peter: “ Shall we get married?” - Mary: “ Yes”
Peter and Mary decided 29 Tom : “ Please help me” - Susan: “ OK”
Susan agreed 30 “ I won’t tell anyone about it” , Sue said
Sue promised 31 “ I am not going to tell you my name.”, Sue said to the man
Sue refused 32 If I were you, I wouldn’t lend him any money
I advised Ex 3: Choose the correct option
1 Peter said that he saw Mary that beautiful vase
a break b breaking c break d broke The police them get out of the car
a caused b made c asked d ordered I heard someone outside
a fell b fall c to fall d fell He was made by the custom officer
a to open to suitcase b opening the suitcase c open the suitcase d opened the suitcase Bill’s wife doesn’t let him go to the party
a go b to go c to have gone d went Larry finally to quit the job
a admitted b decided c must d thought You will never know why Jane refused the job
a getting b get c to get d to be got Why don’t you your son go camping with his classmate?
a permit b allow c let d advise I am very pleased you again
a see b to see c to seeing d be seeing 10 There are two important things in your mind
(11)a to cross b crossing c cross d crossed 12 Carl staying one more night in the village
a agrees b hopes c plans d suggest 13 I can’t go with you all I have a lot of homework now
a to b doing c d be done 14 It was very kind of you me
a helping b to help c help d helped 15 He saw them home late
a arrive b to arrive c arrived d be arriving 16 Instead of buying a new pair of shoes, I had my old ones
a repair b to repair c repairing d repaired 17 It is possible to train across Canada
a take b to take c taking d to be taken 18 Before we leave, let’s have Shelley a map for us so we won’t get lost
a draw b to draw c drawing d drawn 19 I can hear a cat at the window
a scratches b to scratch c scratching d was scratching 20 I think you mother should let you your own mind
a make up b to make up c making up d made up 21 Do you know what made so many people their home?
a evacuate b to evacuate c evacuated d be evacuated 22 bread, you usually need flour, salt, and yeast
a Make b To make c Making d Made 23 I was delighted my old friends again
a to see b seeing c saw d be seen 24 We saw our favourite ballet at the theater last night
a perform b performing c to perform d in performing 25 I would rather to Elvis than The Beatles
a listen b to listen c listening d be listened 26 Can you manage the work by yourself?
a finish b to finish c finishing d finished 27 She doesn’t allow in her room
a smoked b to smoke c smoking d smoked 28 We just didn’t allow them the military zone
a entering b to enter c enter d entered 29 They are planning a flyover at this crossroads
a building b to build c build d built 30 I am sorry I’ve arranged to Susie’s birthday this Saturday
a go b to go c going d be gone 31 The lifeguard warned all of us too far from the shore
a to not swim b not to swim c don’t swim d not swim 33 These tables were too heavy
a to move for us b for us to move c for us moving d moving for us 34 Please tell me how to the post office from here
a getting b to get c get d have got 35 Why don’t you your son go camping with his classmate?
a let b permit c allow d want 36 I have little time
a relax b to relax c relaxing d relaxed 37 I am pleased you again