The roles of student trust, identity and commitment in the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention

i MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY BUI HUY KHOI The roles of student trust, identity and commitment in the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention A dissertation submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration Ho Chi Minh City – 2021 ii MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMICS HO CHI MINH CITY BUI HUY KHOI The roles of student trust, identity and commitment in the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention Industry: Business Administration Industry ID: 9340101 A dissertation submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Business Administration Academic Supervisors: Dr Nguyen Huu Lam Dr Dang Ngoc Dai Ho Chi Minh City – 2021 i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I please declare that this submission is my work and except where due reference is made; this dissertation contains no material previously published or written by another person(s) This dissertation does not contain material extracted in the whole or part from the dissertation or report presented for another degree or diploma in University of Economics Ho Chi Minh city or any other educational institution January 2021 Bui Huy Khoi ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all, this dissertation is dedicated to the thank of my wife-Nguyen Thi Ngan, to my daughter-Bui Mai Anh (9 years), my daughter-Bui Mai Vy (6 years), my son-Bui Minh Nhat (4 years), and to my son-Bui Minh Hoang (4 years) They help me have many efforts to overcome difficulties in completing my dissertation It is the biggest achievement of my life Second, I would like to express my best gratitude to Ph.D Nguyen Huu Lam and Ph.D Dang Ngoc Dai, who supervise and help me conduct my dissertation for many years at University of Economics HCM City Third, I am deeply thankful to Prof Vladik Kreinovich, University of Texas, USA for supporting me to publish my paper related to my dissertation in the Scopus system Especially, I would express my gratefulness to Ph.D Ngo Quang Huan, University of Economics HCM City and Ph.D Nguyen Thanh Long, Industrial University of HCM City who indirectly or directly support and help me conduct the dissertation Moreover, I am thankful to the board of professors in School of UEH Graduate, the independent reviewers for their constructive reviewing and comments Bui Huy Khoi iii TABLE OF CONTENT STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii TABLE OF CONTENT iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES ix ABSTRACT x TÓM TẮT xi CHAPTER RESEARCH OVERVIEW 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Research background 1.3 The research gap identification 1.4 Research object and scope 10 1.4.1 Research object 10 1.4.2 Research scope 11 1.5 Research aim 11 1.6 The research questions 13 1.7 Methodology 13 1.8 Dissertation contributions 14 1.8.1 Theory contributions 15 1.8.2 Practice implications 16 iv 1.9 Dissertation structure 17 1.10 Conclusion 18 CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 19 2.1 Introduction 19 2.2 Reputation 19 2.2.1 Student guidance 28 2.2.2 Social contributions 29 2.2.3 Environments 31 2.2.4 Leadership 32 2.2.5 Funding 33 2.2.6 Research and development 33 2.3 Student trust 34 2.4 Student identity 35 2.5 Student commitment 37 2.6 Behavioral intention 38 2.7 Foundation theories 43 2.7.1 Market signaling theory 43 2.7.2 The theory of planned behavior (TPB) 45 2.7.3 Theory of reasoned action (TRA) and extended valence framework 50 2.8 The research model and hypotheses 51 2.8.1 Factors affecting university reputation 51 2.8.2 The roles of student trust, student identity, and student commitment .53 2.9 Conclusion 62 v CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 64 3.1 Introduction 64 3.2 The research process 64 3.3 Sample and data collection 97 3.4 PLS-SEM 100 3.5 Quantitative analysis frame 104 3.6 Conclusion 106 CHAPTER RESULTS 107 4.1 Introduction 107 4.2 Internal consistency and convergent validity 107 4.3 Indicator reliability 108 4.4 Discriminant validity 110 4.5 Collinearity issue 112 4.6 The fitness of the structural model 113 4.7 Stability of parameter estimates 116 4.8 Discussion 119 4.9 Conclusion 120 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS 121 5.1 Introduction 121 5.2 Conclusions 121 5.3 Key Contributions 122 5.4 Contributions to methodology 124 5.5 New contribution to the measurement model 125 vi 5.6 Implications 126 5.6.1 Practical Implications 126 5.6.2 Implications for domestic manager 128 5.6.3 Implications for university manager 128 5.7 Limitations and recommendations for further research 135 PUBLICATION 137 REFERENCES 138 APPENDIX 159 EDITED CONFIRMATION BY CAMBRIDGE 187 vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviation HEIs PLS-SEM UR SG Meanings Higher education institutions Partial least squares structural equation modelling University Reputation Student Guidance SCN Social Contributions EN LE FU Environments Leadership Funding RD Research and Development ST Student Trust SI Student Identity SC Student Commitment BI Behavioral Intention H Hypothesis TRA The theory of reasoned action TBP The theory of planned behavior Pc The composite reliability Pvc The average variance extracted SRMR The standardized root mean square residual OL Outer loading VIF Variance Inflation Factor viii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Variables and their proposing authors 41 Table 2.2 Summary of the correlations in the model 61 Table 3.1 The discussion group code 68 Table 3.2 Social Contributions’ items 75 Table 3.3 Environments’ items 77 Table 3.4 Leadership’s items 78 Table 3.5 Funding’s items 79 Table 3.6 Research and Development’s items 81 Table 3.7 Student Guidance’s items 82 Table 3.8 Student Trust’s items 83 Table 3.9 Student identity’s items 84 Table 3.10 Student Commitment’s items 85 Table 3.11 Behavioral Intention’s items 86 Table 3.12 Items and factors in the reputation scale 90 Table 3.13 Item and factor in the university reputation scale 95 Table 3.14 University Reputation’s items 96 Table 3.15 Sample Statistics 99 Table 4.1 Internal consistency and convergent validity 107 Table 4.2 Outer Loadings 109 Table 4.3 Fornell-Larcker Criterion 111 Table 4.4 Inner VIF Values 112 Table 4.5 Measurement of model PLS-SEM 115 Table 4.6 Path Coefficients 116 Table 4.7 f2 (effect size) 117 173 APPENDIX B – DISCUSSION LIST WITH EXPERTS OF VIETNAM NATIONAL ACADEMY OF EDUCATION MANAGEMENT Discussion Location: Industrial University of HCM City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Govap Dist, Ho Chi Minh City Time Discussing content EXPERTS 9h-9h30 Univesity reputation and Ph.D Le Viet Khuyen Saturday, 17/3/2018 its factors 9h-9h30 Saturday, 31/3/2018 9h-9h30 Saturday, 07/4/2018 Univesity reputation and its factors Univesity reputation and its factors Saturday, 14/4/2018 its factors 21/4/2018 Pham Quang Trinh V9.02 Prof PhD Univesity reputation and Saturday, V9.01 Prof PhD 9h-9h30 9h-9h30 Room Do Thi Thuy Hang V9.02 Ph.D Cao Xuan Lieu V9.02 Prof PhD Univesity reputation and its factors Ha The Truyen V9.02 174 APPENDIX C – DISCUSSION LIST WITH SPECIALISTS OF INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HCM CITY Discussion Location: Industrial University of HCM City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Govap Dist, Ho Chi Minh City Time Discussing content SPECIALISTS 13h-14h30 Univesity reputation and Prof PhD Tuesday, 24/12/2018 behavioral intention 13h-14h30 Univesity reputation and Tuesday, 24/12/2018 behavioral intention 13h-14h30 Univesity reputation and Tuesday, 24/12/2018 behavioral intention 13h-14h30 Univesity reputation and Tuesday, 24/12/2018 behavioral intention Room Research Pham Xuan Giang PhD Research Nguyen Thanh Long PhD Research Nguyen Van Hung Ph.D Research Nguyen Thi Thu Trang 175 APPENDIX D – SEMINAR WITH LECTURERS AT FACULTY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION IN INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY OF HCM CITY Seminar Location: Room D3.01, E3.2, B2.10, Industrial University of HCM City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Govap Dist, Ho Chi Minh City Unit Name Research Field Ph.D Dam Tri Cuong Business Administration; Marketing Business Administration; Marketing; Prof Ph.D Nguyen Minh Tuan Human resource management; Strategic management Ph.D Huynh Quang Minh Business Administration; Marketing; Human resource management; Strategic management Ph.D Bui Van Quang Marketing; Business Administration Nguyen Van Phu E-commerce; Personnel; Goods and services Ha Trong Quang Personnel management; Bán hàng; Marketing; Business Administration Nguyen Minh Toan E-commerce; Marketing online; Management system in business Nguyen Thi Ngan Human resource management; Marketing Nguyen Tan Minh Brand; Personnel; Finance 10 Ngo Cao Hoai Linh Personnel; Import-Export 11 Le Duc Lam Sale management ; Marketing management; Personnel management 12 Doan Hung Cuong Business Administration; Marketing 13 Luu Xuan Danh Sale management; Marketing 176 14 Phung Tien Dung E-Marketing; Sale Service; Behavior 15 Huynh Dat Hung Personnel management; Marketing 16 Ho Nhat Hung Marketing; Sales 17 Cao Hoang Huy Sales; Marketing 18 Do Thi Thanh Huyen Marketing; Personnel management 19 Le Hoang Viet Phuong E-commerce; Real estate; Marketing 20 Dang Minh Thu Personnel management; Customer satisfaction; Competitiveness 21 Pham Van Quyet Project; Sales; Personnel management; Marketing 22 Nguyen Anh Tuan Personnel management; Sales; Marketing 177 APPENDIX E – SEMINARS WITH GRADUATED INDIVIDUALS Seminar Location: Room V9.01, Industrial University of HCM City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Govap Dist, Ho Chi Minh City Unit NAME BITH YEAR GRADUATE YEAR UNIVERSITY COMPANY CODE LE PHAM DAN THANH 1992 2014 IUH HD BANK LE NHAT THU 1984 2012 VNU BIDV BANK VIEN KHOA HOC VA TRAN THI CAM GIANG 1986 2009 TDTU CONG NGHE TINH TOAN HCM TONG CTY TM KT HOANG ANH TUAN 1974 1997 UEH VÀ DAU TU (PETEC) KHO BAC NN TRI TRAN VAN BI 1975 2009 AGU TON - AN GIANG 1991 2012 IUH SACOMBANK 1992 2016 FPTU TNHH TM&NK THIEN VO PHUC TRUONG THANH NGUYEN LE QUOC TU KIM LE MINH ANH 1991 2014 FPTU CTY HOA DAU ME CONG PHAM THI MY TIEN 1991 2013 IUH CHI CUC THUE CU 178 CHI 10 PHAM TRUNG PHUOC 1991 2014 IUH AGRIBANK TAY SAI GON 11 LE BA LOC 1991 2013 IUH TMCP QUAN DOI 12 NGUYEN TRAM HAI LY 1993 2015 IUH 13 HOAI DUY 1994 2016 IUH 14 BUI THI BICH DUYEN 1991 2013 IUH 15 NGUYEN THANH KIM NGAN 1986 2009 UEH 16 BUI HOANG NHAN 1994 2015 IUH 17 NGUYEN VAN SANG 1989 2012 IUH 18 NGUYEN HONG DUC 1994 2016 IUH 19 NGUYEN TAN QUANG 1988 2013 HCMUAF 20 DANG THUY DUNG 1992 2015 DNTU 21 NGUYEN MINH NGOC 1993 2015 IUH 22 TRAN MINH DAI 1991 2014 DNTU 23 NGO THI PHUONG THUY 1984 2006 BDU 24 DANG HOANG SAM 1994 2016 IUH 25 LE QUANG DAI 1991 2013 UEH 26 NGUYEN THANH TRUNG 1994 2016 IUH 27 HUYENH NGOC DIEP 1991 2014 SGU 28 TRUONG CONG HAU 1993 2015 29 NGUYEN THI THANH TAM 1994 2016 30 NGUYEN HONG LINH 1991 2014 179 APPENDIX F – DISCUSSION OUTLINE Part 1: Introduction Hello everyone, I am a Ph.D student at University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City We are researching the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention First of all, we would like to thank you for taking the time to join us on this topic We hope for your active participation, and please note that there is no right or wrong view All of your ideas contributed to the success of this study For the discussion to proceed, we (introduce the name) and please introduce your name Part 2: Discover the components that create a university reputation With the question: “According to you, which factors impact university reputation in higher education?” Part 3: The roles of student trust, student identification, and student commitment in the relationship between university reputation and student behavioral intention “What you think about the relationship between university reputation and student behavioral intention? “What you think about the roles of student trust, student identity, and student commitment in the relationship between university reputation and student behavioral intention? 180 APPENDIX G – SAMPLE OF QUANTITATIVE Unit Name of University Amount An Giang University 107 10 Binh Duong University Dong Nai Technology University FPT University Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics and Finance Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Sai Gon University Ton Duc Thang University University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Total 143 104 162 68 355 166 159 154 120 1538 APPENDIX H – DATA OUTPUT SEX Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 801 52.1 52.1 52.1 737 47.9 47.9 100.0 1538 100.0 100.0 Total UNIVERSITY Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid AGU 107 7.0 7.0 7.0 BDU 143 9.3 9.3 16.3 DNTU 104 6.8 6.8 23.0 FPTU 162 10.5 10.5 33.6 HCMUEF IUH 68 355 4.4 23.1 4.4 23.1 38.0 61.1 SGU 166 10.8 10.8 71.8 TDTU 159 10.3 10.3 82.2 181 UEH 154 10.0 10.0 92.2 VNU 120 7.8 7.8 100.0 Total 1538 100.0 100.0 Outer Loadings Construct SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI UR Type of measurement model factor (Mode A) factor (Mode A) factor (Mode A) factor (Mode A) factor (Mode A) factor (Mode A) factor (Mode A) factor (Mode A) factor (Mode A) factor (Mode A) factor (Mode A) Construct SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI UR Dijkstra-Henseler's rho (ρA) 0.8291 0.7939 0.8151 0.7618 0.8389 0.7676 0.8899 0.7205 0.9299 0.8183 0.7239 Construct SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI UR Number of indicators 5 5 5 4 3 Jöreskog's rho (ρc) 0.8576 0.8246 0.8641 0.7833 0.8408 0.8193 0.9167 0.7945 0.8913 0.8870 0.7790 Average variance extracted (AVE) 0.5494 0.4905 0.5615 0.4389 0.5204 0.4789 0.7337 0.4961 0.6270 0.7236 0.5558 Predefined reliability 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 1.0000 Cronbach's alpha(α) 0.8002 0.7472 0.8030 0.6908 0.7780 0.7400 0.8788 0.6630 0.8552 0.8100 0.5941 182 Construct SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC BI UR Indicator Q21 Q22 SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC 0.6160 0.4915 0.5451 0.3512 0.4492 0.1424 0.2105 0.1394 0.2287 0.6946 0.5290 0.4762 0.2116 0.4568 0.1208 0.1584 0.1335 0.2331 0.5778 0.6013 0.4188 0.6095 0.2064 0.2846 0.1505 0.2350 0.7545 0.3900 0.4894 0.1774 0.2402 0.1167 0.2338 0.6709 0.4482 0.0888 0.1645 0.1384 0.1835 0.4843 0.1259 0.2294 0.1540 0.2765 0.6425 1.0455 0.1159 0.1835 0.5432 0.1675 0.2565 0.7319 0.6644 0.1990 SCN EN LE FU RD 0.8056 0.6250 Q23 0.5328 Q24 0.8518 Q25 SG ST SI SC BI UR 0.7435 Q16 0.7524 Q17 0.8477 Q18 0.3873 Q19 0.4528 Q20 0.7447 Q1 0.8520 Q2 0.7975 Q3 0.6625 Q4 0.6275 Q5 0.7434 Q6 0.7855 Q7 0.8479 Q8 0.5683 Q9 0.6044 Q10 0.6545 Q26 0.5640 Q27 0.6417 Q28 0.6993 Q29 0.7966 Q30 0.7357 Q11 0.6281 Q12 0.7437 Q13 0.7602 Q14 0.7899 Q15 0.8114 Q47 0.8879 Q48 0.8130 Q49 0.4668 Q31 0.8804 Q32 0.8018 BI 0.3337 UR 183 Q33 Q34 0.8918 0.8494 Q35 0.6444 Q36 0.7101 Q37 0.8444 Q38 0.5930 Q44 0.8364 Q45 0.8393 Q46 0.8756 Q39 0.8850 Q40 0.8248 Q41 0.8559 Q42 0.8067 Q43 0.5369 Hypotheses  Beta 0.089 0.024 T-value 3.700  0.150 0.028 5.361 0.000  0.265 0.027 9.830 0.000  0.104 0.022 4.714 0.000  0.597 0.017 35.135 0.000 0.237 0.025 9.464 0.000 0.138 0.024 5.733 0.000 0.107 0.021 5.110 0.000  0.151 0.026 5.788 0.000  0.075 0.015 4.980 0.000  0.132 0.021 6.281 0.000  0.295 0.025 11.808 0.000 EN FU LE UR UR UR RD UR SC BI SCN SG SI  UR  UR  BI SC ST SI SC UR UR SC ST Independent variable SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SE Dependent variable ST 0.0699 0.0262 0.0783 0.0443 0.0306 0.0406 SI 0.0055 0.0021 0.0061 0.0035 0.0024 0.0032 0.0112 SC 0.0364 0.0137 0.0409 0.0231 0.0160 0.0212 0.0747 BI 0.0223 0.0084 0.0251 0.0142 0.0098 0.0130 0.0458 0.1073 UR 0.2366 0.0888 0.2654 0.1501 0.1037 0.1376 P 0.005 184 SC UR 0.2952 Independent 0.6134 0.0944 Dependent variable variable SCN EN LE FU RD SG ST SI SC UR Effect SCN -> ST SCN -> SI SCN -> SC SCN -> BI SCN -> UR EN -> ST EN -> SI EN -> SC EN -> BI EN -> UR LE -> ST LE -> SI LE -> SC LE -> BI LE -> UR FU -> ST FU -> SI FU -> SC FU -> BI FU -> UR RD -> ST RD -> SI RD -> SC RD -> BI RD -> UR SG -> ST SG -> SI SG -> SC SG -> BI SG -> UR 0.1505 0.0232 0.1539 ST 0.0699 0.0262 0.0783 0.0443 0.0306 0.0406 SI 0.0055 0.0021 0.0061 0.0035 0.0024 0.0032 0.0112 SC 0.0364 0.0137 0.0409 0.0231 0.0160 0.0212 0.0232 0.0220 Beta Indirect effects 0.070 0.005 Total effect 0.070 0.005 0.036 0.022 0.036 0.022 0.237 0.026 0.002 0.014 0.008 0.089 0.078 0.006 0.041 0.025 0.265 0.044 0.003 0.023 0.014 0.150 0.031 0.002 0.016 0.010 0.104 0.041 0.003 0.021 0.013 0.138 0.237 0.026 0.002 0.014 0.008 0.089 0.078 0.006 0.041 0.025 0.265 0.044 0.003 0.023 0.014 0.150 0.031 0.002 0.016 0.010 0.104 0.041 0.003 0.021 0.013 0.138 BI UR 0.0223 0.0084 0.0251 0.0142 0.0098 0.0130 0.0458 0.0161 0.0944 Cohen's f2 0.069 0.010 0.085 0.030 0.018 0.026 185 ST -> SI 0.011 ST -> SC ST -> BI SI -> BI SC -> SI SC -> BI UR -> ST UR -> SI UR -> SC UR -> BI 0.011 0.075 0.075 0.046 0.107 0.151 0.613 0.295 0.023 0.154 0.094 0.046 0.107 0.151 0.597 0.295 0.016 0.023 0.022 0.094 0.132 0.016 SCN 1.0000 EN EN 0.5443 1.0000 LE 0.4234 0.4471 1.0000 FU 0.4653 0.4163 0.4989 1.0000 RD 0.3217 0.1915 0.3447 0.3264 1.0000 SG 0.3951 0.3801 0.5121 0.3998 0.3651 1.0000 ST 0.1203 0.1082 0.1750 0.1337 0.0753 0.1055 1.0000 SI 0.1627 0.1236 0.2063 0.1683 0.1256 0.1630 0.7814 1.0000 SC 0.1312 0.1247 0.1397 0.1123 0.1056 0.1344 0.1136 0.1505 1.0000 BI 0.1940 0.1957 0.1925 0.1752 0.1388 0.2161 0.1542 0.1972 0.6134 1.0000 UR 0.5549 0.4709 0.5864 0.5185 0.3875 0.4987 0.2952 0.3521 0.1539 0.2301 SRMR d_ULS d_G1 d_G2 ChiSquare BI EN FU FU 0.018 0.023 0.569 0.095 Construct SCN Factor BI EN FU LE RD SC SCN SG SI ST UR LE 0.005 LE RD RD SG SC ST SI SC SCNSGSI BI ST UR 1.0000 UR 1.598 1.550 1.699 1.258 1.019 1.663 1.519 1.019 1.000 1.212 1.212 Value 0.0697 6.204 2.164 1.734 14,104 71 1.000 186 187 ... affecting university reputation and the roles of student trust, student identity, and student commitment in the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention to understand student. .. during its examination of the relationship between university reputation and behavioral intention, considers the literature on the roles of 16 student trust, student identity, and student commitment, ... 13 between university reputation and behavioral intention in Vietnamese higher education, incorporating the roles of student trust, student identity, and student commitment to understand student