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Eg : The workers built this house/ She bought a book. - Passive voice : là cách đặt câu trong đó S đứng vai trò bị động và O giữ vai trò chủ động hay S nhận hành động do một chủ [r]
(1)PASSIVE VOICE A: Lesson
- Active voice: cách đặt câu S giữ vai trò chủ động/ chủ thể( essential part) hay S người hay vật thực hành động :
Eg : The workers built this house/ She bought a book
- Passive voice: cách đặt câu S đứng vai trị bị động O giữ vai trò chủ động hay S nhận hành động chủ thể khác thực
Eg: This house was built by the workers / A book was bought by her
- Bị động hình thức nhấn mạnh vào chủ thể chịu tác động hành động hành động đó:
Bao gồm: + Chủ thể tạo tác động hành động
+ Hành động (Không quan tâm tới chủ thể thực hành động ) I Form:
Active: S + V + O + ……
Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend S V O
Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend S be V3/ed by O
II CÁCH ĐỔI ACTIVE VOICE SANG PASSIVE VOICE: Ex: Active sentence: Peter took this book yesterday
Passive sentence: This book was taken by Peter yesterday Trong câu chủ động:
- Peter → Subj ; took → động từ (Past simple) - this book → Obj; yesterday → trạng từ thời gian Trong câu bi động:
- Obj ( this book) → Subj ; Subj ( Peter) →by Obj
- took (động từ chính) → taken (V3 / VoED - Past participle)
- thêm was động từ (took) chia Past simple A Tổng quát:
A Tổng quát: active sentence: Subject + V + Obj
Passive sentence: Subject + BE + V3 / VED (động từ chính) + by Obj
1- Chuyển: Obj -> Subj; Subj > by Obj (Có thể bỏ by Obj khơng cần thiết) 2-Thêm BE chia thì tương ứng với câu chủ động
Nghĩa là: Động từ câu chủ động thì “ To Be” phải chia đó) Như vậy: câu bị động “ To Be” có vai trị chia thì, Động từ có chức tính từ mang nghĩa bị động (khơng chia thì)
3- Chuyển động từ sang -> V3 Vo ED Một số cơng thức bị động cụ thể thì:
(2)2 Present continuous tense: S + is/ am/ are+ being+ PII + by O
Eg: Lan is listening to music at the moment -> Music is being listened to by Lan at the moment
3 Present perfect tense: S + have/ has+ been + PII + by O
Eg: We have hired this car since yesterday -> This car has been hired since yesterday 4 Past simple tense: S + was/ were + PII + O
Eg: They stole a lot of money in that bank two years ago -> A lot of money were stolen in that bank two years ago
5 Past continuous tense: S + was/ were + being+ PII + O
Eg: Ann was writing a letter yesterday morning -> A letter was written by Ann yesterday morning
6 Past perfect tense: S + had + been + PII + O
Eg: I had had dinner before I did my home work yesterday -> Dinner had been had before my homework was done yesterday
7 Simple future tense: S + will/ shall+ be +PII +O
Eg: My father will paint our house white tomorrow -> Our house will be painted white by my father tomorrow
8 Near future tense: S + is/ are/ am+ going to+ be +PII +O
Eg: Ann is going to work this tree -> This tree is going to be worked by Ann 9 Future perfect tense: S + will/ shall+ have been +PII +O
Eg: They will have sold their car by next Christmas -> Their car will have been sold by them next Christmas
10 Infinitive: S+ (to) + be+ PII + O
Eg: I have to finish my homework now -> My homework has to be finished now 11 Gerund : being + PII+ O
Eg: I remember my mother taking me to the cinema when I was I child -> I remember being taken to the cinema by my mother when I was a child
12 Modal V: modal V + Be + PII + O
Eg: You should type this term paper -> This term paper should be type 13 Modal V+ perfect: modal V + have Been + PII + O
Eg: Somebody should have called the president this morning -> The president should have been called this morning
* Notes:
- Ta dùng V nguyên thể bị động : Be+PII để ý định hay bắt buộc hay đc
Eg: This exercise is to be done
This matter is to be discussed soon
- Sau V: to have, to order, to get, to cause hay V giác quan cảm tính ta dùng PII bao hàm nghĩa bị động:
Eg: We had your photo taken We heard the song sung
(3)B Cụ thể sau:
1 Xác định Subj, Obj, Verb câu chủ động (trong động từ phải xác định cho động từ câu chủ động)
2 Chuyển: Obj -> Subj; Subj > by Obj (Có thể bỏ by him/them/me/you/people/ someone : không cần thiết)
- Nếu Subj câu chủ động danh từ vật liệu, dụng cụ -> câu bị động thay by with + Obj
Ex: Moss is covering this wall -> This wall is being covered with moss
- Nếu Subj câu chủ động là: nothing, no one, nobody -> câu bị động bỏ by Obj thể phủ định
Ex: No one helps me -> I am not helped
3 Chuyển động từ sang -> V3 Vo ED
(Động từ có chức tính từ mang nghĩa bị động-khơng chia thì)
4 Thêm BE chia tương ứng với câu chủ động (Động từ câu chủ động nào To be phải chia )
5 Giữ lại động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verb) trong câu bị động có
Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to, Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should + Vo + object
→Passive: S + will/would, shall/should + be + V3 / Vo ED (+ by object) Ex: Police will destroy these drugs → These drugs will be destroyed by police Đặt trạng từ thể cách (adj + ly) trước Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) có Ex: People use English widely → English is widely used
7 Giữ nguyên giới từ sau Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) có
8 Đặt trạng từ nơi chốn trước BY, trạng từ thời gian sau BY có Place + by Obj + Time
Ex: Mr Pike built this school in my village last year
→ This school was built in my village by Mr Pike last year
9 Past Participle (V3 / Vo ED) as an Adjective, động từ theo sau hầu hết To infinitive Ex: She makes me cry → I am made to cry
III NHỮNG TRƯỜNG HỢP PASSIVE VOICE ĐẶC BIỆT: 1-Causative form (thể truyền khuyến):
a/ Active voice: -S + Have + Obj(chỉ người) + Vo Ex: I have him repair my bicycle -S + Get + Obj (chỉ người) + to infi Ex: I get him to repair my bicycle b/ Passive voice: -S + Have/Get + Obj (chỉ vật) + V3 / Vo ED Ex: I have/get my bicycle repaired by him
2 Sau động từ ý kiến (verb of opinion): say, think , believe, report, rumour, know, consider, claim
Active: S1+ verb1 ( say/ believe/ think ) (that) +S2+ verb2 Passive:
(4)Cách 2: S2 + be + V3 / Vo ED (verb1) + to-infinitive (verb 2) /
+ to have + V3 / Vo ED (verb 2) V1 khác V2 Ex: People say that he was crazy
→ Cách 1: It is said that he was crazy Or
→ Cách 2: He is said to have been crazy ( to have been say was khác thì) Ex: People say that money brings happiness
→ Cách 1: It is said that money brings happiness
→ Cách 2: Money is said to bring happiness.( Dùng to bring say bring thì) Sau động từ giác quan(verb of perception): see, hear, smell, feel, taste, watch, notice, make, help, bid
Ex: I hear him come in -> He is heard to come in (nếu câu chủ động coming giữ nguyên câu bị động)
4 Imperative(câu mệnh lệnh):
Ex: a Open the door -> Let the door be opened
b They let him go out -> He was allowed to go out / He was let to go out Sau động từ: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope
Ex: He wants KHA to take photographs→ He wants photographs to be taken by KHA Ex: He does not like people laughing at him > He does not like being laughed at
6 Các động từ: advise, agree, insist, arrange, suggest, propose, recommend, determine, decide, demand, beg, urge, order, request
Ex: He advised me to accept this job
→ Cách 1: He advised me this job should be accepted → Cách 2: I was advised to accept this job
7- Need + to be + V3 / Vo ED = Need + Voing
Ex: Your shirt needs to be ironed / Your shirt needs ironing 8- It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + V3 / Vo ED Ex: - It is important to finish this exercise
=>It is important for this exercise to be finished - It is necessary to copy this lesson
=> It is necessary for this lesson to be copied
- It is time to feed the chicken => It is time for the chicken to be fed 9- Các trường hợp khác:
Ex Please enter this way -> You are requested to enter this way
Dưới vài ví dụ cách thêm BE chia tương ứng với câu chủ động a.The simple present: S + Vo/Ve/es → S + am/is/are/ +V3 / Vo ED
Ex: She cleans the floor everyday → Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday b.The present continuous: S + am/ is/ are + Vo + ing
→ S + am/ is/ are + being + V3 / Vo ED
Ex: Mr.Baker is repairing the car →Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker c.The present perfect: S+ has/have + V3 / Vo ED
(5)Ex: Someone has stolen the bicycles → Passive: The bicycles have been stolen d.The simple past: S + Vo ED/ V2 → S + was/ were + V3 / Vo ED Ex: Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)
→Passive: Where were the drugs found ?
e.The past continuous: (S + was/ were + V-ing )
→ S + was / were + being + V3 / Vo ED Ex: They were preparing lunch when I came there yesterday → Lunch was being prepared when I came there yesterday
f The past perfect: S+ had + V3 / Vo ED → S+ had been + V3 / Vo ED Ex: She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm
→ Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m
g- Who + V + object ? Passive: - By whom ? - Who by ? Ex: Who wrote this novel ?
→ Passive: - By whom was this novel written ? hoặc: Who was this novel written by B:Exercise
Exercise 1: Passive and Active voice: 1 People drink a great deal of tea in England 2 Tom was writing two poems
3 She often takes her dog for a walk 4 People speak English all over the world
5 A group of students have met their friends at the railway station 6 They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home
7 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow
8 How many trees did they cut down to build that fence? 9 This well-known library attracts many people
10 My mother used to make us clean the house 11 He likes people to call him “Sir”
12 They are going to have someone repair their car 13 People say that he is intelligent
14 He can’t repair my bike
15 Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock 16 Mr Smith has taught us French for years 17 They didn’t look after the children properly 18 Nobody swept this street last week
19 How many lessons are you going to learn next month? 20 You need to this work
Exercise 2: Rewrite the sentences in the passive: They will construct some new airports on islands
(6)3 They are going to find out the mystery
……… You can buy videos like this one anywhere
……… Someone will tell you when you go in to see the doctor
……… They should have finished the hotel by the time you arrive
……… Someone has to write the history of the European Community one day ……… When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
……… Where will your company send you next year?
……… 10 They ought to have reported the accident to the police
……… Exercise 3: Complete the sentences with the given words, active or passive:
1 Chris has good news The engineering firm where she had an interview yesterday (may + offer) ……… her a job soon
2 Good news! I (may + offer) ……… a job soon I had an interview at an engineering firm yesterday
3 You (should + open) ……… the wine about three hours before you use it You (mustn’t + move) ……… this man; he is too ill He (will + have to + leave) ……… here
5 You (must + take) ……… those books back to the library yesterday We tried, but the window (couldn’t + open) ………
7 You (must + keep) ……… meat in a refrigerator or it will spoil I (had better + wash) ……… my clothes today, or they will be very smelly Someone (should + tell) ……… James the news immediately 10 This application (be supposed to + send) ………… to the personnel department soon Exercise 4: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the sentence
1 I shouldn’t ……… so much coffee last night I was wide awake till four in the morning A drink B drank C be drunk D have drunk
2 The profits are supposed ……… among the shareholders
A to divide B to be divided C dividing D being divided When you are on duty, your uniform must ……… at all times
A wear B be wear C be worn D be wearing
4 You promised her a letter; you ought to ……… days ago A write B be writing C have written D be written
(7)A will return – will be given B will be returned – are given C are returning – are giving D are returned – will be given The class for next semester is too large It ought to ……… in half A be divided B divide C have divided D have been divided The entire valley can ……… from their mountain home
A see B be seen C being seen D sees He is wearing a gold ring on his fourth finger He must……… A have been married B be married C marry D have married A child should ……… everything he or she wants
A gives B give C have been given D be given
10 Your daughter has a good voice Her interest in singing ……… encouraged A should be B should C be D have
11 I found this book on my desk when I came to class It must …… by one of the students in earlier class
A be left B have been left C leave D have left 12 You had better ……….your chores before Mom gets home
A be finished B have finished C have been finished D finish 13 These books will have to ……… to the library tomorrow
A return B have returned C being returned D be returned
14 Ann’s birthday was on the 5th, and now it’s already the 8th Her birthday card … a week ago
A will be sent B can be sent
C should have been sent D should have sent 15 You ……… me to Dr Gray We’ve already met A don’t have to introduce B mustn’t be introduced C shouldn’t introduce D mustn’t introduce 16 Bill ……….Ann to the party tomorrow
A will be invited B will invite
C will have invited D will have been invited 17 A new hospital ……….in this area
A are going to be built B builds C is going to be built D is going to build 18 Mike ……… What’s going on in his English class
A can’t understand B can’t be understood
C could have understood D could have been understood 19 Our test papers ……….by our teachers now
A are marking B are being marked C will mark D will be marked 20 ……….the birds in your garden at three o’clock yesterday afternoon? A Did you feed B Were you fed C Were you being fed D Were you feeding Exercise 5: Multiple choices
(8)A was stolen B was stealing
C stolen D stole
3 Let’s go ahead and it now Nothing - by waiting A will be accomplished B accomplished
C has accomplished D accomplishes 4.” When -? “ - In 1928
A penicillin was discovered B did penicillin discovered C was penicillin discovered D did penicillin discover
5 The rescuers - for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers
A were praised B praised
C were praising D praising
6 Vitamin C - by the human body It gets into the bloods stream quickly A absorbs easily B is easily absorbing
C is easily absorbed D absorbed easily
7 Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters His paintings - masterpieces all over the world
A had considered B are considering
C are considered D consider
8 We can’t go along here because the road is - A been repaired B being repaired
C repaired D repairing
9 More than 50 films - in HCMC since June
A were shown B had been shown
C have been shown D have shown 10 George is - Lisa
A marry with B marry to
C married with D married to
11 Somebody cleans the room every day a The room every day is cleaned b The room is every day cleaned c The room is cleaned every day
d The room is cleaned by somebody every day 12 They cancelled all flights because of fog
a All flights because of fog were cancelled b All flights were cancelled because of fog c All flights were because of fog cancelled
d All flights were cancelled by them because of fog 13 People don't use this road very often
a This road is not used very often b Not very often this road is not used c This road very often is not used d This road not very often is used 14 Somebody accused me of stealing money
(9)b I was accused of stealing money
c I was accused of stealing money by somebody d I was accused stealing money
15 How people learn languages?
a How are languages learned? b How are languages learned by people? c How languages are learned? d Languages are learned how?
16 People warned us not to go out alone a We were warned not going out alone
b We were warned not to go out alone by people c We weren't warned to go out alone
d We were warned not to go out alone
17 Somebody is using the computer at the moment a The computer is being used at the moment b The computer at the moment is being used
c The computer is being used by somebody at the moment d The computer is used at the moment
18 I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation a I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded
b I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded
c I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone d Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded
19 We found that they had cancelled the game a We found that the fame had been cancelled b The game had been cancelled
c We found that the game had been cancelled by them d The game were found to be cancelled
20 They are building a new highway around the city a A new highway is being built around the city
b A new highway is being built around the city by them c A new highway around the city is being built
d Around the city a new highway is being built
Exercise 6: CHANGE THE ACTIVE INTO THE PASSIVE John collects money
(10)10) John collected money 11) Anna opened the window 12) We did our homework 13) I asked a question 14) He cut out the picture 15) The sheep ate a lot of grass 16) We did not clean our rooms 17) William did not repair the car 18) Did Sue draw this circle? 19) Did you feed the dog? 20) John has collected money 21) Anna has opened the window 22) We have done our homework 23) I have asked a question 24) He has cut out the picture
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