Thay ñoåi veà ngoâi thöù trong lôøi noùi giaùn tieáp :döïa vaøo chuû töø vaø tuùc töø ôû phaàn giôùi*. thieäu ñöùng tröùôc daáu ngoaëc keùp.[r]
(1)REPORTED SPEECH I Phân loại: Có dạng câu:
- Statements ( Câu phát biểu ) : S + V + O
- Commands ( Câu mệnh lệnh) : + mệnh lệnh khẳng định: Vo + O …
+mệnh lệnh phủ định :Don’t + Vo + O… - Questions ( Câu hỏi) : +Yes – No question
: +Wh – question
II.Cách đổi từ lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp:
( Trường hợp động từ giới thiệu khứ đơn _ex: said)
- Bước 1: Đổi động từ giới thiệu :
+ Statements : - said -> said that - said to O -> told O
+ Commands: - said to O -> told O , ordered O (yêu cầu) + Questions: - said -> asked
- said to O -> asked O , wondered ( tự hỏi)
- Bước 2: Bỏ dấu phẩy (,) dấu hai chấm ( :) dấu ngoăïc kép( “ “). - Bước 3: Những thay đổi lời nói dấu ngoặc kép:
+ Statements : - thay đổi thì, ngơi thứ, trạng từ thời gian, trạng từ nơi chốn
+ Comments : - mệnh lệnh khẳng định -> To + Vo … - mệnh lệnh phủ định -> Not to + Vo …
- đồng thời đổi ngơi thứ, trạng từ nơi chốn (nếu có) - bỏ “ please “ (nếu có)
+ Questions : - Yes / No question : -> If / Whether
- Wh- question : giữ nguyên từ để hỏi(what, where, when, why, who, how )
- thay đổi thì, ngơi thứ, trạng từ thời gian, trạng từ nơi chốn
- Viết lại câu dạng :- if/ whether + S + V + O - what (where,…) + S + V + O *
Thay đổi thứ lời nói gián tiếp :dựa vào chủ từ túc từ phần giới
thiệu đứng trứơc dấu ngoặc kép - Ngôi thứ -> đổi theo chủ từ
- Ngôi thứ hai -> đổi theo túc từ - Ngôi thứ ba -> không đổi ( Nhất chủ, nhị túc, tam nguyên )
(2)* Thay đổi :
-Simple present -> Simple past -Present continuous -> Past continuous -Simple past -> Past perfect -Simple future -> Would/ should -Present perfect -> Past perfect - Can -> Could
- Must -> Had to - May -> Might - Mustn’t -> Mustn’t - Should -> Should - Had beter Vo -> không đổi - Điều kiện -> Điều kiện
* Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn:
- this -> that - this year -> that year - these -> those - today -> that day - here -> there - tonight -> that night - now -> then - ago -> before - yesterday -> the day before/
the previous day
- last week -> the week before/ the previous week - tomorrow -> the next day/
the following day
- next month -> the next month/ the following month Models:
1.Statements: ( câu phát biểu)
EX:
a The children said, “ We are waiting for the school bus “ -> The children said that
b He said to me, “ I saw her and your sister at the shop yesterday” -> He told me
2.Commands:
a Câu mệnh lệnh khẳng định:
Ex: They ordered me, “Please help us” -> They ordered me
b Câu mệnh lệnh phủ định:
S + said to + O, “ S + V + ” said
S + told + O + (that ) + S + V said
S + said to + O, “ Please + Vo ” ordered
(3)Ex: She said to me, “ Don’t forget to send your parents my regards “ -> She told me 3.Questions:
a Yes- No Question:
Ex: Tom said to Mary, “ Are you going to leave tomorrow?” -> Tom asked Mary
- I wondered, “ Did she go to the beach with her boyfriend yesterday?” -> I wondered
b WH- Question : what, where, when, why, who, whom, whose, how
Ex: I asked Bill, “What time did you go to bed last night?” -> I asked Bill
- “How old is your little boy?” said the nurse to Mary.
The nurse asked Mary
EXERCISE: Turn Into Reported Speech
S + said to + O, “ Don’t + Vo ” ordered
S + told + O + not + to Vo ordered
S + said to + O, “ aux V + S + main V ? ” asked
wondered wanted to know
S + asked + O + if /(whether) + S + V wondered
wanted to know
S + said to + O, “ What/ Where + aux V + S + main V ? ” asked
wondered wanted to know
S + asked + O + what/ where + S + V wondered
(4)1 Miss O’Shay said to Nancy, “ Stop by my office in the morning”
Her father said to her, “ Don’t change your plans”
He said to us, “ Don’t stop fighting for your country”
Mother said to him, “ Shut the door after you”
My girl friend said, “ I am going away tomorrow”
Jack Lumber said, “ Olga Ivanov won the gold medal yesterday”
He said to me, “ You can keep this one if you like.”
She said to him, “ You haven’t given me quite enough”
I said to her, “ I have something to show you.”
10 The librarian said to the schoolboy, “ Which book are you taking?”
11 The woman said, “ When will my dress be finished?”
12 She asked me, “ Where have you put my pencil?”
13 I said to him, “ Why hasn’t she eaten anything?”
14 His wife asked him, “ Where did you go last night?”
15 “ Who did you go to the cinema with? “ Mother asked me
16 “How well your sister speak English?”, the manager asked her
17 “ Does this train stop at York?” asked Bill
18 “ Have you reserved a seat?” I asked him
19 “ Are you working as well as studying?” asked Peter
20 “ Have you got a work permit?” Bill wanted to know
21 “ Are you interested in acting?” asked Ann
22 “ Will you have time to play regularly?” he said to me