4.Cho söï thaät ôû quaù khöù -> Duøng caâu ñieàu kieän loaïi 3 vieát laïi caâu traùi vôùi söï thaät ôû quaù khöù: + Qui taéc:.. - Thay ñoåi thì ( quaù khöù ñôn -> quaù khöù hoaøn [r]
(1)CONDITIONAL SENTENSES I If Clauses : có loại câu điều kiện :
TYPE IF CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE
Future possible S + V0 / VS/ES
( Be -> am/ is/ are )
S + Will + VO
Shall Can May Present unreal S + Ved/ V2
( Be -> were )
S + Would + Vo Should
Could Might
Past unreal S + Had + Ved /V3 S + Would + Have + Ved / V3
Should Could Might If not = Unless ( không, )
EX: - If he takes my advice, everything can go well - I wouldn’t that if I were you
- If I had known your address, I would have written you a letter - She will be late unless she starts at once
II Wish : có loại điều ước :
TYPE S’ + ( WISH ) + ADVERBS
1 Điều ước S + Ved / V2 ( Be -> were )
Now, right now, today
2 Điều ước khứ S + Had + Ved / V3 Yesterday, ago, last
3 Điều ước tương lai S + Would + Vo
Could Tomorrow, next, in the future
EX: - I wish today were Sunday
- Tom wished he had seen the football match on T.V last night - I can’t speak English well I wish I could speak English well Sentence Transformation :
1 + Qui tắc:
- Khơng thay đổi
- Chỉ thay đổi mệnh đề IF / UNLESS: phủ định khẳng định EX a- If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife
Unless
b- Unless you like this one, I’ll bring you another If
(2)c- He would cause an accident if he didn’t drive carefully Unless
d- You would have lost all of your money unless you hadn’t invested it wisely If
2
+ Chú ý : Dạng dùng câu điều kiện loại EX: a- Ask him first or he won’t offer to help Unless
b- Take an umbrella with you or you’ll be caught in the rain on the way back If
c- Be calm or you make a wrong decision. Unless
If
3 Cho thật -> Dùng câu điều kiện loại viết lại câu trái với thật tại: + Qui tắc:
- Thay đổi ( đơn -> khứ đơn )
- Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu cho trứơc hai mệnh đề:Phủ định Khẳng định a
EX: - He is too old, so he can’t apply for the job If
Ex:- I don’t know her number, so I don’t ring her up If
b
EX: - Susan is overweight because she eats too much chocolate If
- We get lost because we don’t have a map. If
Vo + O or S + Will + Vo If you + don’t Vo, S + Will + Vo Unless you + Vo , S + Will + Vo
S + s.present + O , so S + future/ present + O ->If + S + Ved/ V2 + O , S + Would + Vo + O
( Were ) Could
(3)4.Cho thật khứ -> Dùng câu điều kiện loại viết lại câu trái với thật khứ: + Qui tắc:
- Thay đổi ( khứ đơn -> khứ hồn thành )
- Víêt lại câu trái nghĩa với câu cho trước hai mệnh đề : Phủ định Khẳng định a
EX: a- I didn’t see it with my own eyes, so I didn’t believe it If
b- I didn’t know his address, so I couldn’t contact him If I
b
EX : -The hens got into the house because she didn’t shut the door If
5 Wish Sentences:
+ Qui tắc:
- Thay đổi thì: Hiện đơn -> khứ đơn.
Quá khứ đơn -> Quá khứ hoàn thành Tương lai đơn -> Would / Could
- Viết lại câu trái nghĩa với câu ban đầu: Phủ định Khẳng định. - Bỏ “I’m sorry” “What a pity” ( có).
EX:
Present wish:
a- I’m sorry I don’t get good marks I wish
b- What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me I wish
c- I’m bad at English I wish Past wish:
a- What a pity my girl friend didn’t go to my birthday party I wish
b- Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job Nam now wishes that
Future wish:
a- I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently I wish
b- My sister won’t come here I wish
S + Simple past + O , so + S + Simple past + O
-> If + S + Had + Ved/ V3 + O , S + Would + Have + Ved/ V3 + O
S + Simple past + O because + S + simple past + O
(4)EXERCISE
I. IF -> UNLESS:
1 If he doesn’t take more care, he’ll have an accident
-> Unless ……… The crops will be ruined if it doesn’t rain soon
-> Unless ……… Unless the weather is fine, we’ll stay at home
-> If ……… I can’t go with you unless I get my work finished
-> If ………
5 If you don’t leave on the 15th , you’ll get home late for your mother’s party.
-> Unless ……… Tom never does anything unless his father tells him what to -> If ……… Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it
-> Unless ……… If she does nothing to prepare for the test, she will get bad marks -> Unless ……… You can’t visit the United States unless you get a visa
-> If ……… 10 Unless you remember our address, you can find it in the phone book -> If ……… II Vo … + O or S + WILL + Vo -> IF YOU + DON’T Vo … , S + WILL + Vo
-> UNLESS YOU + Vo … , S + WILL + Vo Do your exercises or you will fail the exam
If Unless
2 Save some money or you won’t able to buy the house If
3 Behave yourself or your parents will be very unhappy Unless
4 Do it carefully or you’ll feel sorry afterwards If
5 Ask him first or he won’t offer to help If
6 Be calm or you’ll make a wrong decision Unless
7 Be careful or you’ll cut yourself with that knife If
III FACT IN THE PRESENT - > IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 2)
1 My brother doesn’t buy that car because he doesn’t have enough money
If………
2 We don’t go out because it rains
If……… I don’t know his address, so I can’t contact him
(5)4 It’s too cold so we can’t go swimming
If……… The exercises are very difficult so I can’t finish in fifteen minutes If……… She can’t go to the meeting because she is busy
If……… Because I don’t meet her, I don’t give her your letter
If……… They are too slow, they can’t win the mach
If……… She is too weak, she can’t take any exercise
If……… 10 People don’t understand him because he doesn’t speak clearly If……… IV FACT IN THE PAST -> IF CLAUSE ( TYPE 3)
1 I didn’t watch T.V last night because I was busy
-> If ……… I didn’t see the signal,so I didn’t stop
-> If ……… We got lost because we didn’t have a map
-> If ……… We stayed up late last night and we were so tired
-> If ……… He wasn’t able to answer the questions, so he failed the exam
-> If ……… One of the reason I didn’t phone you was that I was very busy
-> If ……… Unfortunately, I didn’t have an umbrella and so I got wet in the rain
-> If ……… Peter was very nervous and failed the driving test
-> If ……… I didn’t take a taxi because I didn’t have any money on me
-> If ……… 10 Without a visa, she couldn’t have come to that country
-> If ………
V FACT -> WISH
1 I’m sorry I don’t have much money I wish
2 What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night I wish
3 What a pity Mary doesn’t understand me I wish I’m sorry I can’t speak English fluently I wish My friends don’t take part in the game I wish I’m sorry I get bad marks
(6)7 What a pity the weather isn’t find today I wish
8 What a pity I missed an exciting football match on T.V last night I wish I haven’t enough money to buy this book
I wish 10 I’m afraid he won’t get over his illness soon I wish 11 I live in a big city, but I don’t like it I wish
12 I can’t take the trip to Hanoi with her next summer I wish
13 Mary is afraid she won’t be able to attend your wedding next week I wish
14 I’m sorry I didn’t finish my homework I wish 15 Tom bought the second- hand car I wish 16 She won’t come with me
I wish
17 Nam is sorry now that he didn’t accept the job 18 Nam wishes
19 I regret that you didn’t give me a chance to tell the truth 20 I wish you had given 21 He is sorry now that he didn’t invite Molly to his party I wish