2.Moät haønh ñoäng ñang dieãn ra trong quaù khöù thì coù moät haønh ñoäng khaùc xaûy ra,haønh ñoäng xaûy ra sau chia ôû thì quaù khöù ñôn giaûn.(duøng vôùi as, while, when).. As, whil[r]
(1)ƠN TẬP LỚP - HỌC KÌ I
BÀI 1: TENSES (THÌ CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ ) I Simple present (Thì đơn)
1.Formation:
(+) I , you , we, they + V He, she, it + Vs / es
(-) I, you, we, they + don’t + V
he, she , it + doesn’t + V
(?) Do + I, you, we, they + V?
Does + he , she, it + V?
*Trường hợp thêm “es” thứ ba số ( he , she , it) a.Động từ có tận là: S , SH, CH, X , O , Z + ES pass -> passes fix-> fixes finish-> finishes go-> goes watch-> watches
b.Động từ có tận “y” , trước phụ âm đổi “y -> i + es” study-> studies fly-> flies
c Động từ có tận “y” , trước ngun âm giữ ngun “y + s” play-> plays stay-> stays
2.Uses :cách dùng
a.Chỉ hành động, thói quen, lặp đi, lặp lại nhiều lần.
*Các trạng từ (adverbs) thường dùng đơn:
always = frequently :luôn luôn,thường xuyên
usually = generally :thường thường often :thường
sometimes = occasionally: thỉnh thỏang
Seldom = rarely :hiếm khi, khi Every (day, week month, Sunday, summer )
ex: My father gets up at o’clock every morning We always go to school in the afternoon b.Chỉ thật hiển nhiên, qui luật.
ex: - The earth moves (goes round the sun.)
-The earth is round
-The sun rise s in the east and sets in the west. -The moon goes/ moves round the sun - Mars (sao hoûa) is near the earth -Mercury ( thuûy) is near the sun -All the rivers flow into the sea
- It rains very much in the rainy season -Two and two are four
-Water freezes at o degree centigrade and boil s at 100 degree centigrade
- I’m a student
-We go to school six days a week
c Được dùng để diễn đạt hành động tương lai, hành đông xảy theo thời gian biểu , chương trình làm việc ấn định trước.
(2)1.Formation:
(+) S + Ved / V2 (-) S + did not + Vinf (?) Did + S + Vinf ? Note : động từ có qui tắc thêm â“ED”
* động từ bất qui tắc xem cột 2. * Cách thêm “ed” vào động từ:
a.Động từ tận “e + d” love -> loved
b.Động từ có tận “1 phụ âm + y -> i + ed” try -> tried
c.Động từ có tận “nguyên âm +y -> y + ed” stay -> stayed
d.Hầu hết động từ tận nguyên âm đơn + phụ âm đơn đổi thành nguyên âm đơn + phụ âm đôi (travel -> travelled, stop -> stopped)
e.Y W cuối từ phụ âm, động từ có tận Y W khơng gấp đơi phụ âm (play -> played , draw -> drawed)
2.USES
a.Chỉ hành động xảy khứ,kết khơng cịn liên quan tới tại. *Adverbs :
yesterday (morning , afternoon , evening) last (night, week, month, Sunday, summer ) ago (two days ago, long ago ,along time ago, the day before yesterday (hoâm kia)
EX:- I went to the circus last night. -I didn’t go to the circus last night -Did you go to the circus last night? Yes, I did./ No, I didn’t
-They posted all the letters yesterday III / SIMPLE FUTURE (THÌ T ƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN )
1 Formation: I, we + shall + Vinf He , she, it, we, you, they + will + Vinf
(-) S + shall not / will not + Vinf
(?) shall / will + S + Vinf
Viết tắt:
He will = He’ll I shall = I’ll shall not = shan’t will not = won’t * Note: Ta dùng “will” tất
2.Uses
a Diễn tả hành động xảy tương lai hay dự đoán tương lai EX:
She will be here in a few minutes I shall be rich one day
Tomorrow will be sunny
Adverbs:
tomorrow, tonight, the day after tomorrow (ngaøy kia)
next ( week ,month, summer, Monday ) in (, in two days, )
b Diễn tả suy nghĩ tiên đốn người nói với động từ: think, hope, expect, be afraid, be sure,
EX: I think she will come.
(3)c.Diễn tả lời hứa EX: I won’t tell them what you said d.Diễn tả lời đề nghị lịch EX: Will you shut the door ,please?
e.Một hành động lời nói tương lai mà nói có dự định hành động đó Ex: Oh, Is she ill? I’ll come to see her this afternoon
IV PRESENT CONTINUOUS / PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (THÌ HI ỆN TÀI TIỀP DIỄN ) 1.Formation:
(+) S + to be (am, is, are ) + Ving
(-) S +to be + not + Ving (?) To be + S +Ving * Note: Cách thêm “ing” vào động từ:
a.Động từ có tận “e”, bỏ “e” thêm “ing” Drive -> driving smile -> smiling
b.Động từ có tận phụ âm, trước có nguyên âm phải gấp đơi phụ âm cuối trước thêm “ing”
run -> running, swim -> swimming , sit -> sitting , c.Động từ tận “ie” đổi thành “ y +ing”
Tie -> tying , lie (naèm) -> lying,
d.Đặc biệt: draw-> drawing , play -> playing, begin -> beginning, travel -> travelling 2.Uses
a Một hành động diễn lúc nói thường kèm với:
now = at the moment = at present :bây , right now: ,
today
Ex:
The farmers are working in the field now They are playing football at the moment b.Một hành động diễn tiến , chưa chấm dứt (thường dùng với still ).
Ex: He’s still talking to his girlfriend on the phone c.Những câu theo sau thức mệnh lệnh
(Look ! Listen, Be quiet , Keep silent , Hurry up) Ex: Look ! The boy is running after a bus.
Listen ! Someone is knocking at the door
Hurry up ! The train is coming in Be quiet ! A child is sleeping d Một dự định tương lai, có xếp
Ex: He is arriving tomorrow on the 5.30 train e Dùng để than phiền , phàn nàn điều Form :
S + am / is / are + always + Ving Ex : You are always talking in class
(4)want like belong know agree
be
suppose need love see mean
Think (tin) prefer hate hear believe
understand have (coù) remember forget seem
Ex: I am tired now.
She wants to go for a walk at the moment
V PRESENT PERFECT ( THÌ HI ỆN TẠI HỊAN THÀNH ) 1.FORMATION
S + have / has + past participle
(Ved / V3)
S+ have not /has not + Ved / V3
Have / has + S + Ved / V3 Note: I , you, we, they + have
He, she, it + has
Viết tắt :I have= I’ve , she has = she’s
I have not = I haven’ t, she has not = she hasn’t
Cấu tạo khứ phân từ : Động từ có qui tắc thêm “ed”, bất qui tắc xem cột (V3). 2, USES
a Một hành động xảy khứ , không nêu rõ thời gian. Ex: I’ve been to Paris
b Dùng thành ngữ:
* Dùng với “just, recently, lately: vừa mới, mới đây” để hành động vừa xảy ra.
Ex:My parents have just bought a new house I’ve seen him recently
*.Dùng với already hành động xong Ex:She has read the newspaper already.(She has already read the newspaper)
*.Dùng với never before, ever (đã bao giờ )
Ex:Have you ever seen that film before ? -I have never seen it
*.Dùng với not yet (vẫn chua)
EX: We have not finished our work yet.
*.Dùng với up to now = up to the present = s o far : bây giờ
Ex: So far I have read 50 pages *.several time , many times
Ex: Have you ever been to Ho Chi Minh City? -No, I have not been there yet But my parents have been there twice this year
c.Dùng với “ since , for”để nói việc bắt đầu khứ vẩn tiếp diễn tại. For + khoảng thời gian
For five months for five minutes For three hours for 10 weeks For ten years for a long time
Since + mốc thời gian Since Tuesday
Since January Since the summer Ex: They have been married for a long time.
I’ve worked there for two months
(5)d.Dùng với câu hỏi “How long (bao lâu) , Since when (từ bao giờ)” Ex:How long have you lived in this town?
Since when have you worked at this factory? e.present perfect + since + simple past
Ex:He has been good to me since I was a little girl f.Dùng với cấu trúc so sánh nhất.
Ex:That is the most exciting novel I’ve ever read
VI THE NEAR FUTURE : “ BE GOING TO” (THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN ) 1.Form
I am
He , she , it + is going to + bare inf We , you , they are
2.Dùng “ø going to” để nói hành đơng tương lai. a.Going to: nói dự định xếp từ trước.
Hai is learning to drive He is going to be a driver. I’m going to visit my grandmother this summer
b.Dùng “going to” có điều tình cho thấy điều xảy tương lai (đặc biệt tương lai gần) Dựa vào tình tại, người nói tin xảy ra.
Look at the back clouds It’s going to rain. 5/ PAST CONTINUOUS / PAST PROGRESSIVE
Formation:
(+) S + tobe (was/ were) +Vinf Note:I, he ,she ,it + was (-) S + was not/ were not +Ving we, you, they +were (?) Was/ Were + S + Ving? Was not = wasn’t were not =weren’t
Uses
1.Một hành động xảy khứ,ở thời điểm xác định khoảng thời gian -at this (that) time yesterday - at ( 9) o’clock yesterday
-the whole day (all day) yesterday
Ex: He was learning English at o’clock last night. They were playing tennis all yesterday morning It was raining the whole day yesterday
2.Một hành động diễn q khứ có hành động khác xảy ra,hành động xảy sau chia khứ đơn giản.(dùng với as, while, when)
As, while + past continuous + simple past When + simple past + past continuous
when : khi,lúc (chỉ việc xảy ngắn hơn, đột xuất) as, while: (chỉ việc xảy kéo dài)
(6)The lights went out while we were having dinner When I arrived at his house, he was still sleeping
As we were crossing the street, the policeman shouted at us 3.Hai nhiều hành động xảy đồng thời.
Ex:Last night her mother was watching TV while her father was reading a newspaper
FORM OF VERBS (DẠNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ) –GRADE 8 V-ing , bare infinitive , to infinitive
I.ĐỘNG TỪ + V-ing enjoy
2 like dislike
4 love begin
6 start
7 think of / about hate: ghét , sợ
9 to be interested in 10 to be busy with 11 to be good / bad at 12 by + V ing: cách 13 After +Ving 14 continue = go on 15 Before + Ving
16 go (shopping, swimming, camping, fishing…) 17 without + Ving : thiếu ,không có
18 practise + Ving : luyện tập 19 suggest + Ving: gợi ý 20 finish
21 prefer : thích 22 stop: thoâi, bo û= give up 23 spend time + Ving:
Ex : Ba enjoys going to the circus.
-I hate getting up early in the winter days.
-After learning by heart the new words, I often write them into a little note book.
-I suggest going to Ben Thanh Market -My mother likes decorating the house
II.ĐỘNG TỪ + bare infinitive (động từ ngun mẫu khơng có “to” ) 1 Sau “Modal verbs” : động từ khuyết thiếu
can (not) could (not) may might
must (not) have to should (not)
ought to / ought not to
will (not) shall (not) used to
Ex: You must stop working so hard It’s bad for you.
2 Sau động từ : “Let , make , have”
Ex Don’t let children play with matches - Let’s go to school.
-Hot weather makes me feel uncomfortable. -They have a porter carry their luggage to the taxi.
III ĐỘNG TỪ + to inf ( động từ nguyên mẫu có“to” ) 1.Sau động từ
hope want
learn (how)
promise (hứa) decide : định forget : (quên việc
Ex: Where you want to go ?
-What have you decided to do ?
(7)try (cố gắng làm) need
làm) start : begin: 2.Dùng cấu trúc:
“ S + V+ O + (NOT ) TO INF ” Sau động từ: “ ask , tell , advise , want”
Ex: My mother advised me to learn harder.
The teacher asks the students not to talk during the lesson
3.Sau tính từ:
“It’s + adj (for sb) + To inf”
- It’s difficult (easy) to learn English
- It’s hard to believe in the future mankind might live on the moon.
-It’s dangerous for me to climb this mountain
4
Adj + to infinitive / noun clause Adjectives:
happy / glad afraid : e raèng lucky : may mắn
ready: Sẵn sàng certain : chắn sorry
sure : Tin chaéc delighted : vui
worried : lo laéng surprised: ngạc nhiên
Ex-:I’m afraid that she can’t come.
-We are worried that the rivers are becoming heavily polluted.
-They are very happy that they could save some money from reused things.
(They are very happy to save some money from reused things.)
5.Diễn đạt mục đích: để, để mà in order
so as + to inf
Ex: I learn hard to get good marks
in order to get good marks so as to get good marks 6.
Would you like + to inf………… ? : dùng lời mời lịch sự
Would you like to come to my birthday party
7
Questions words :
how ,when , where , what ………… + to inf
Ex: -Could you show me how to get to the station ? -Have you decided where to go for your holidays ? -I’ll show you how to use this washing machine.
8.
I would like ( I’d like……) Ex :I’d like to sit with Tim. - I’d like you to meet my parents
(8)Would you mind + V ing Do you mind
Ex:Would you mind / Do you mind
taking me a photograph?
Would you mind if I + past simple ( Ved / V2) Do you mind if I + present simple ( V1 / Vs ,es)
Ex: Would you mind if I carried your luggage? -Do you mind if I carry your luggage? -Would you mind if sat next to you ? -Do you mind if I sit next to you ?
PREPOSITIONS ( GIỚI TỪ) – GRADE be different from : khác biệt với
be the same (n ) as : giống be famous for : tiếng be busy with : bận rộn be good at : giỏi be bad at : dở be far from : xa
Ex : My house is far from school
be interested in :Thích thú be fond of
be new to the neighborhood be cruel to sb: cư xử tệ với
be under one roof :dưới mái nhà All the shops are under one roof.
be absent from (class) :vắng mặt be present at (class) : có mặt be aware of :
by + Ving
+Our group is planning to help the community by encouraging all members to participate in a
recycling program care for sb : quan tâm She cares for her babies
* take care of come over : ghé qua come across :
contact sb for more information
change st into st : biến đổi thành change for the better
Life in the provinces is definitely changing for the better.
earn / raise money for (our school Y & Y) effects of new shopping mall
get good / bad marks ( points , grades ) for st Tam got high marks for his exams by working very hard at school
get tired of : mệt mỏi , chán
Ba’s friends sometimes get tired of his jokes.
help sb with st : giúp việc
It’s very kind of you to help me with this math problem
join in : tham gia vào participate in
take part in
keep st out of children’s reach : để xa tầm với learn st by heart : học thuộc lòng
learn words in different ways : học từ nhiều cách khác
look for st / sb :tìm kiếm
look after st /sb :chăm sóc ,trơng coi look at : nhìn vào
look up (new words) : tra từ điển look forward to st /sb / Ving
leave sb a message : để lại lời nhắn cho take a message for sb :ghi lại lời nhắn The secretary took a message for her boss.
pick sb up : đón
reach sb at (phone number) :gọi cho qua số ĐT receive a letter from sb :nhận thư từ
serve food from Hue :phục vụ ăn Huế speak to sb : nói với
Can I speak to Hoa , please ?
shop in comfort wait for : chờ , đợi
(9)fall - fell -fallen in love with sb : đem long yêu fill in / out the form : điền vào đơn
Can you fill out this form for me ?
I must word harder on my English grammar The meeting will be held at Binh’s house from pm to 10 pm Please contact me at above address for more information.
on / to + the right (left ) side of the room in + the right (left ) corner of the room PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
1.on + Monday , Tuesday…………
2 on + Monday ( morning , afternoon ,evening) 3.on + weekend
4.on + Thursday, March 5th on + June 3rd , 2005 6.on + May 1st
7.on + New Year’s Eve 8.in + 2003 ,2004… 9.in + May , June 10.in + May 2005
11 in the + morning , afternoon , evening
12 in + summer ,winter ,spring ,the fall (autumn) 13 in + century (in 21st century )
14.at + the moment 15.at + ten o’clock
16.at + night 17.at + noon 18.at + Christmas 19.on + Christmas Day 20.between
Ex: You must be there between 8.30 and 9.15 The office will be closed between Christmas and New Year
21 After.
Ex: The bank closes at pm If you arrive after pm, the bank will be closed
22 Before
Ex : I’ll be home before seven because I want to see the seven o’clock news
23.Until / till