like and dislike

3.The British have in fact always imported food from abroad.From the time of the Roman invasion foreign trade was a major influence on British cooking.English kiychens,like the English[r]

Likes and dislikes

Like

Verb + -ing or infinitive?

2

Aims

• Help the students know and use Like as a verb, a preposition and some grammar spots of the lesson. • Help the students know a number of basic verb

patterns in English.

• Help the students understand relative pronouns and participles in a description

Objectives

• Students are able to understand and distinguish between the different uses of Like

• Students are able to practice verb patterns, relative pronouns and participles in a description

Introduction to like

Like can be a verb or a preposition

Like as a verb can be followed by - ing or to, sometimes with a change in meaning

I like going out at the weekend (general enjoyment)

I like to sit in a hot bath and read (habits and preferences) Like as a verb has a person as the subject:

I like modern art

I don't like the way he looks at me Do you like fish?

Would you like a drink?

Like as a preposition has an object after it: She's wearing a hat like mine

He's nothing like his father That sounds like the postman You're behaving like children

4

• TEST YOUR GRAMMAR

1.In the following sentences, is like used as a verb or a preposition? a How you like your coffee, black or white?

b I’m just like my father We’re both tall and thin with black hair and brown eyes. c Don’t you think that Pedro looks like Tom Cruise?

d What would you like to tonight?

e ‘We went to that new restaurant last night’. ‘Really? What was it like?’

f ‘How you tie a tie?’

5

what like?

What is/are/was/were like? is used to ask about the permanent nature of people and things It asks for a description or an impression or a comparison

What's the health service like in your country? What are the new students like?

(!) Be careful!

1 With a description or an impression, we not use like in the answer.

What's London like? It's quite big, and it's very interesting.

NOT It's like quite

What is Amanda like? She's tall, attractive, and very funny.

NOT She's like tall

2 With a comparison, we can use like in the answer Here, like means similar to / the same as.

What’s London like? It's like New York, but without the tall buildings (= It's similar to )

What’s Amanda's daughter like?

How ?

1 How ? is used to ask about the present condition of something that can change

2 To ask about the weather, we can use both questions

3 How ? is also used to ask about people's health and happiness.

Compare:

4.How ? is also used to ask about people's reactions and feelings

How's work these days? It's better than last year. How was the traffic this

morning?

It was worse than usual.

How's Peter?

What's Peter like?

He's fine.

He's a nice guy He's quite tall, has dark hair How's the weather

What's the weather like where you are?

How ? or What like?

Sometimes we can use What like? or

How ? , but they aren't the same

What like? asks for an objective

description How ? asks for personal feelings

Compare:

How's the party?

What's the party like?

It's great !

8

2 Match a sentence with a picture

1 They stopped to talk to each other 2 They stopped talking to each other

9

Questions with like

1 In Britain, some school children go on exchanges to another country They stay with a family for two weeks, and then the boy or girl of the family comes back to Britain for two weeks Does this happen in your country?

Anna: My French exchange visitor came yesterday.

Nina: What’s her name? Anna: Marie-Ange.

Nina: What a pretty name!(1) ………

Anna: She’s really nice I’m sure we’ll get on really well We seem to have a lot in common.

Nina: Why you say that?(2) ………

Anna: Well, she likes dancing, and so I And we both like tennis and

listening to music.

Nina: That sounds great I saw you with someone this morning Was is Marie-Ange?

(3)………

Anna: She’s quite tall, and she’s got long, dark hair.

Nina: No, it wasn’t her, then Now, we’re all going out tomorrow,

aren’t we? Shall we go for a pizza, or shall we go to the cinema?

(4)………

Anna: I’ll ask her tonight and tell you tomorrow By the way, someone told me your mum’s not very well What’s the matter?(5)……… Nina: Oh, she’s OK She’s had a bad

sore throat, that’s all, but it’s getting better now.

Anna:Oh, it’s not too bad, then.

What would she like to do?

What does she look like?

How is she? What does she like doing?

What’s she like?

11

Grammar question

1 Match the questions from the box in Exercise with the definitions below.

Question Definition

a. = Tell me about her physical appearance. b. = Tell me about her interests and hobbies. c. = Tell me about her because I don’t know

anything about her. d. = Tell me about her health.

e. = Tell me about her preference for tomorrow evening.

2 In which questions it like used as a verb, and in which is it a preposition?

What's she like?

What does she look like?

What would she like to do?

How is she?

12

Question and answers

Match a question in A with an answer in B.

A

a What does he like? b What’s he like?

c What does he look like? d How is he?

B

He isn’t very well, actually He’s got the flu

He’s really nice Very

friendly and open, and good fun to be with.

He likes swimming and skiing, and he’s a keen football fan.

He’s quite tall, average

13

LISTENING

14

Listening Descripsion

Gosh! Haven’t you ever tried Indian food? It’s absolutely delicious Really rich! It can be hot, but it doesn’t have to be.

Question

15

Descriptions

In pairs, ask and answer the following questions.

a. What sort of things you like doing? b. How are your parents?

c. Who you look like in your family? d. Who are you like in terms of character? e. What are you like as a person?

f. What’s your school like?

16

Descriptions

In pairs, ask and answer the following questions.

a. What sort of things you like doing? b. How are your parents?

c. Who you look like in your family? d. Who are you like in terms of

character?

a. What are you like as a person? b. What’s your school like?

c. What does your teacher look like?

√

√ √

17

Verb pattern

s

Verb + - ing

Verbs+ to +

infinitive

Verbs+

preposition + -ing

Verbs+ sb+ to+ infinitive

Verbs+ sb+ infinitive (no to)

Verbs+ -ing or to + infinitive (with no change in meaning)

Verbs + - ing or to +

18

Verbs + - ing

adore

can't stand don 't mind Enjoy finish doing Swimming cooking Note

We often use the verb go + -ing for sports and activities.

I go swimming every day.

I go shopping on weekends

Verbs + to + infinitive Agree Forget

help hope Learn

Manage

Choose Dare decide expect Need Offer Promise refuse Seem want would hate would like would love would prefer

To To come To cook

Notes

1 Help and dare can be used without to We helped clean up the

kitchen

They didn't dare disagree with him

2 Have to for obligation I have to wear a

uniform

3 Used to for past habits I used to smoke,but I

19

Verbs + sb + infinitive (no to) help let make Her us do Notes

To is used with make in the

passive.

We were made to work hard.

Let cannot be used in the passive. Allowed to is used instead She was allowed to leave. Verbs + sb + to + infinitive

advise Allow ask Beg Encourage Expect Help Invite Need order remind tell Want Warn Would like me him the m som eone to to go to come NOTE

Help can be used without to.

20

Verbs + - ing or to + infinitive (with little or no change in

meaning) begin continue Hate like Love Prefer start Doing to do

Verbs + - ing or to + infinitive (with a change in meaning) remember

remember stop try Doing To do Notes

1 I remember posting the letter.

(= I have a memory now of a past action:

posting the letter.)

2 I remembered to post the letter. (= I reminded

myself to post the letter.I didn't forget.) 3 stopped drinking

coffee. (= I gave up the

habit.)

4 I stopped to drink a coffee.

(= I stopped doing something else in order to have a cup of coffee.)

5 tried to sleep. (= I wanted to sleep, but it was

difficult.)

6 I tried counting sheep and drinking a glass of warns milk.

(= These were possible ways of getting to sleep.)

Verbs+ pre+ - ing Be bored with

Be interested in Be fed up with

Doing Learning We’re thinking of

morning the house I’m looking

21

Dear Dennis

We just wanted (a) say/t

o say/saying thank y

ou for putting

us up before we

caught the plane

last week It wa

s a lonely

evening, and we

enjoyed (b) meee

ting/to meet/meet

your friends, Pe

te and Sarah W

e maraged (c)

get/getting/to ge

t to the airport wi

th plenty of time to

spare We even t

ried (d) getting/to get/

get an earlier flight, but it wasn

’t possible. We had a wond

erful holiday in

Spain We just

loved (e) drivin

g/to drive/drive

through the cou

ntryside,

and we often sto

pped (f) walk/walking/t

o walk round a

mountain village

We met our frie

nds, Bill and Su

e, and they

invited us (g) having

/to have/have a meal

with them

They wanted (h) that w

e stay/us to stay/

we to stay

with them, but w

e couldn’t, as we

had already bo

oked a hotel.

The weather was

fantastic The s

un didn’t stop (i)

shining/to shine/s

hine all the time we

were there Leav ing

Spain was very

sad It made me

(j) want/wanting/ to

want to cry.

Anyway, we’re l

ooking forward

to hearing from

you, and hope (k) see/t

o see/seeing you soo

n Let us (l)

to know/knowing/

know if you’re evfe in

the area You

must call in. Best wishes,

22

PRACTICE

PRACTICE

Grammar and listening

When one verb is followed by another, different patterns are possible. Put the verbs from the Presentation text in the correct box.

Verb + -ing Verb + infinitive (with to)

Verb + person + infinitive with to

23

Discussing grammar

Work in pair and discuss your answer.

In the following sentences, two verbs are possible and one is not Underline the

verb that is not possible.

a My father to mend my bike. promised 2 didn’t mind 3 tried

b She her son to turn down his music. asked 2 wanted 3 made

c I going on long walks. refuse 2 can’t stand 3 adore d We to go shopping.

need 2 love 3 enjoy e She me the cooking.

wanted 2 made 3 helped

24

a My father………to mend my bike.

b She……her son to turn down his music.

c I……… going on long walks.

d We……….to go shopping.

e She……….me the cooking.

f I……… working for the bank twenty years ago.

Change the sentences in Exercise using the verb you underlined.

1 promised 2 didn’t mind 3 tried

1 asked 2 wanted 3 made

1 refuse 2 can’t stand

3 enjoy

3 adore

1 need

2 made 2 love

1 wanted 3 helped

3 decided 2 stopped

25

LANGUAGE REVIEW

Asking for descriptions

1.What’s London like? means ‘Tell me about London because I don’t know

anything about it’ It is a very general question.

When it is asked about a person, the answer can refer to character or appearance or both.

What’s Peter like?

He’s quite tall, with short blond hair. He’s really nice You’d like him.

2 What does she look like? asks for a physical descriptions. What does she look like?

She’s very pretty She’s got long black hair, and dark, mysterious eyes. 3 How are your parents? asks about their health and general happiness It does not ask for a description.

How are your parents?

26

1 Look at the following groups of words Which four of the surrounding words in each group cannot go with the noun in the centre?

PEOPLE

reserved bored

sociable

elderly

young expensive

boring tall

rude

antique

high

crowded

starving rich

wealthy

27

1 Look at the following groups of words Which four of the surrounding words in each group cannot go with the noun in the centre?

TOWN

capital old

rural polluted

young

antique

cosmopolitan

historic

industrial

excited modern

busy exciting

seaside agricultural

28

1 Look at the following groups of words Which four of the surrounding words in each group cannot go with the noun in the centre?

boiled

delicious fresh

tasty

fast frozen

tasteless

vegetarian starving

plain disgusting

rich

tasteful

FOOD

home-grown disgusted

29

Put a suitable adjective from Exercise into the gaps in the following Conversations If necessary, use their comparative or superlative froms.

Example

Billy’s only two so he’s the youngest in the family. a ‘What is Anna’s brother like?’

‘Well, he is certainly ………., dark and handsome, but I didn’t enjoy meeting him at all He is even ………than she is!’

b ‘What was your meal like?’

‘Ugh! It was awful The pizza was……… We were absolutely ………, but we still couldn’t eat it!’

c ‘Did you have a good time in Amsterdam?’

‘Excellent, thank you There’s so much to It’s a really………. city And there are so many people from all over yhe world, it’s even ……… than London.’

d ‘Mmm! These courgettes are……… Did you grow them yourselves?’ ‘Yes, we did All our vegetables are……….’

30

1.How come it is so difficult to find English food in England? In Greece you eat Greek food, in France food, in Italy Italian food, But in England, in any High Street in the land,it is easier to find Indian and Chinese restaurants than English ones.In London you can eat Thai,Protuguese,Turkish,Lebanese,Japanese,Russian,Polish,Swiss,S wedish,Spanish<and Italian-but where are the English restaurants? 2.It is not only restaurants that foreign dishes are replacing traditional British food.In every supermarker,sales of pasta,pizaa and

poppadoms are booming.Why has this happened?What is wrong with the cooks of Britain that thay prefer cooking pasta to potatoes?Why the British choose to eat lasagna instead of shepherd’s pie?Why they now like cooking in wine and olive oil?But perhaps it is a good thing.After all,this is the end of the 20th century and we can get ingredients from all over the world in just a few hours.Anyway,wasn’t English food always disgusting and tasteless?Wasn’t it always boiled to death and swimming in fat?The answer to these questions is a resounding ‘No’,but to understand this,we have to go back to beforeWorld War II

3.The British have in fact always imported food from abroad.From the time of the Roman invasion foreign trade was a major influence on British cooking.English kiychens,like the English language,absorbed ingredients from all over the word-chickens,rabbits,apples,and tea.All of these and more were successfully in corporated into British dishes.Another important influence on British cooking was of course the weather.The good old British rain gives us rich soil and green grass,and means that we are able to produce some of the finest varieties of meat,fruit and vegetables,which don’t need fancy sauces or complicated recipes to disguise their taste

4.However,World War II changed everything.Wartime women had to forget 600 years of British cooking,learn to without foreign imports,and retion their use of home-grown food

The Ministry of Food published cheap,boring recipes.The joke of the war was a dish called Woolton Pie(named after the Minister for food!).This consistedof a mixture of boiled vegetables covered in white sauce with mashed potato on the top.Britain never managed to recover from the wartime attitude to food.We were left with a loss of confidence in our cooking skills and after years of Ministry recipes we began to believe that British food was boring,and we searched the world for sophisticated,new dishes which gave hope of a better future.The British people became tourists at their own dining tables and in the restaurants of their land!This is a tragedy!Surely food is as much a part of our culture as our landscape,our language,and our literature.Nowaday,cooking British food is like speaking a dead language.It is almost as bizarre as having a conversation in Anglo-Saxon English!

5.However,there is still one small ray of hope.British pubs are often the best places to eat well and cheaply in Britain,and they also increasingly try to serve tasty British food.Cam we recommend to you our two favourite places to eat in Britain?The shepherd’s Inn in Melmerby,Cumbria,and the Dolphin Inn in Kingston,Devon.Their steak and mushroom pie,Lancashire hotpot,and bread and butter pudding are three of the gastronomic wonders of the world!

READING AND SPEAKING good

31

Pre-reading task

Work in pairs.

France India Switzerland Turkey Spain America Italy Mexico Greece England 1 Do you know any typical meals from the following countries?

France :

India :

Switzerland : Turkey : Spain : America : Italy : Mexico : Greece : England :

Boeuf bourgignon, coq au vin, bouillabaisse, onion soup, cheese, salads.

Curry, rice

fondue, chocolate, rosti. kebabs, figs.

omelette, paella, tapas.

burgers and French fties, steak, turkey pasta, osso bucco, spaghetti bolognese taco shells, chilli carne, peppers lamb, salad, yoghurt, calamare.

roast beef and Yorkshire pudding,

roast lamb, sausages, fish and chips, custard.

32

2 Read these quotations about English food Do all the people have the same opinion about English food?



‘It takes some skill to spoil a breakfast-even the English can’t it!’

J K Galbraith, economist

‘On the Continent people have good food; in England people have good table manners.’

George Mikes, writer and humorist

‘If the Eglish can survive their food, they can survive anything!’

George Bernard Shaw, writer

‘Even today, well-brought up English girls are taught to boil all vegetables for at least a month and a half, just in case one of the

dinner guests comes without his teeth!’

Calvin Trillin, American writer

‘English cooking? You just put things into boiling water and then take them out again

after a long while!’

33

In search of

good

English food 1.How come it is difficult to find English food in England?

In Greece you eat Greek food,in France food,in Italy Italian food, But in England,in any High Street in the land,it is easier to find Indian and Chinese restaurants than English ones.In London you can eat Thai,Protuguese,Turkish,Lebanese,Japanese,Russian,Polish,Swiss,S wedish,Spanish<and Italian-but where are the English restaurants? 2.It is not only restaurants that foreign dishes are replacing traditional British food.In every supermarker,sales of pasta,pizaa and

poppadoms are booming.Why has this happened?What is wrong with the cooks of Britain that thay prefer cooking pasta to potatoes?Why the British choose to eat lasagna instead of shepherd’s pie?Why they now like cooking in wine and olive oil?But perhaps it is a good thing.After all,this is the end of the 20th century and we can get ingredients from all over the world in just a few hours.Anyway,wasn’t English food always disgusting and tasteless?Wasn’t it always boiled to death and swimming in fat?The answer to these questions is a resounding ‘No’,but to understand this,we have to go back to beforeWorld War II

3.The British have in fact always imported food from abroad.From the time of the Roman invasion foreign trade was a major influence on British cooking.English kiychens,like the English language,absorbed ingredients from all over the word-chickens,rabbits,apples,and tea.All of these and more were successfully in corporated into British dishes.Another important influence on British cooking was of course the weather.The good old British rain gives us rich soil and green grass,and means that we are able to produce some of the finest varieties of meat,fruit and vegetables,which don’t need fancy sauces or complicated recipes to disguise their taste

4.However,World War II changed everything.Wartime women had to forget 600 years of British cooking,learn to without foreign imports,and retion their use of home-grown food

The Ministry of Food published cheap,boring recipes.The joke of the war was a dish called Woolton Pie(named after the Minister for food!).This consistedof a mixture of boiled vegetables covered in white sauce with mashed potato on the top.Britain never managed to recover from the wartime attitude to food.We were left with a loss of confidence in our cooking skills and after years of Ministry recipes we began to believe that British food was boring,and we searched the world for sophisticated,new dishes which gave hope of a better future.The British people became tourists at their own dining tables and in the restaurants of their land!This is a tragedy!Surely food is as much a part of our culture as our landscape,our language,and our literature.Nowaday,cooking British food is like speaking a dead language.It is almost as bizarre as having a conversation in Anglo-Saxon English!

5.However,there is still one small ray of hope.British pubs are often the best places to eat well and cheaply in Britain,and they also increasingly try to serve tasty British food.Cam we recommend to you our two favourite places to eat in Britain?The shepherd’s Inn in Melmerby,Cumbria,and the Dolphin Inn in Kingston,Devon.Their steak and mushroom pie,Lancashire hotpot,and bread and butter pudding are three of the gastronomic wonders of the world!

34

In search of

good

English food

1.How come it is difficult to find English food in England? In Greece you eat Greek food,in France food,in Italy Italian food,

But in England,in any High Street in the land,it is easier to find Indian and Chinese restaurants than English ones.In London you can eat

Thai,Protuguese,Turkish,Lebanese,Japanese,Russian,Po lish,Swiss,Swedish,Spanish<and Italian-but where are the English restaurants?

2.It is not only restaurants that foreign dishes are replacing traditional British food.In every

supermarker,sales of pasta,pizaa and poppadoms are booming.Why has this happened?What is wrong with the cooks of Britain that thay prefer cooking pasta to

potatoes?Why the British choose to eat lasagna instead of shepherd’s pie?Why they now like cooking in wine and olive oil?But perhaps it is a good thing.After all,this is the end of the 20th century and we can get ingredients from all over the world in just a few

hours.Anyway,wasn’t English food always disgusting and tasteless?Wasn’t it always boiled to death and swimming in fat?The answer to these questions is a resounding ‘No’,but to understand this,we have to go back to beforeWorld War II.

3.The British have in fact always imported food from abroad.From the time of the Roman invasion foreign trade was a major influence on British cooking.English

kiychens,like the English language,absorbed ingredients from all over the word-chickens,rabbits,apples,and tea.All of these and more were successfully in corporated into British dishes.Another important influence on British cooking was of course the weather.The good old British rain gives us rich soil and green grass,and means that we are able to produce some of the finest varieties of

meat,fruit and vegetables,which don’t need fancy sauces or complicated recipes to disguise their taste.

Reading

Read the text quickly.

Match a paragraph 1-5 with a summary below.

-Historical and climatic influences on British cooking.

-There’s everything except an English restaurant.

-The legacy of World War II

-Where there is hope for the future

-The British love affair with international cooking.

In search of

good

35

Reading

Read the text quickly.

Match a paragraph 1-5 with a summary below.

In search of

good

English food

-Historical and climatic influences on British cooking.

-There’s everything except an English restaurant.

-The legacy of World War II

-Where there is hope for the future

-The British love affair with international cooking.

4.However,World War II changed everything.Wartime women had to forget 600 years of British cooking,learn to without foreign imports,and retion their use of home-grown food The Ministry of Food published cheap,boring recipes.The joke of the war was a dish called Woolton Pie(named after the Minister for food!).This consistedof a mixture of boiled

vegetables covered in white sauce with mashed potato on the top.Britain never managed to recover from the wartime attitude to food.We were left with a loss of confidence in our cooking skills and after years of Ministry recipes we began to believe that British food was boring,and we searched the world for sophisticated,new dishes which gave hope of a better future.The British people became tourists at their own dining tables and in the restaurants of their land!This is a tragedy! Surely food is as much a part of our culture as our

landscape,our language,and our literature.Nowaday,cooking British food is like speaking a dead language.It is almost as bizarre as having a conversation in Anglo-Saxon English! 5.However,there is still one small ray of hope.British pubs are often the best places to eat well and cheaply in Britain,and they also increasingly try to serve tasty British food.Cam we

recommend to you our two favourite places to eat in Britain? The shepherd’s Inn in Melmerby,Cumbria,and the Dolphin Inn in Kingston,Devon.Their steak and mushroom pie,Lancashire hotpot,and bread and butter pudding are three of the

36

Post-reading

Read the article more carefully. Choose the best answer,a,b or c. 1 The writers believe that British cooking…

a has always been very bad. b was good until World War II. c is good because it is so international.

2.They say that the British…

a eat only traditional British food in their homes

b don’t like cooking with foreign ingredients.

c buy lots of foreign ingredients. 3 They say that the British weather… a enbles the British to produce good quality food.

b often ruins ftuit and vegetables. c is not such an important

influence on British food as foreign trade.

Comprehension check

4 They say that World War II had a great influence on British cooking because…

a traditional British cooking was rediscovered and some good cheap recipes were produced. b people had limitless supplies of home-grown food.

c. people stanrted to believe that British food was boring,so after the war they wanted to cook more interesting and international dishes.

5.They say that…

a British tourists try lots of new dishes when they are abroad

b nowadays it is very unusual for British people to cook British food

c literature and language are more culturally important

than food

6.the writers’ final conclusion about British cooking is that…

a there is no hope.

b you will only be able to get British food in expensive restaurants.

c. you wil be able to get more good

37

Language work

Work in pairs Study the text and find the following. 1 One example of like used

as a verb and two examples of like use as a preposition.

2 Two examples of the pattern, adjective + infinitive.

It’s impossible to learn English.

3 Examples of verbs that are followed by an –ing form.

I love learning English.

4 Examples of verbs that are followed by an infinitive with to.

I want to learn Italian.

1 Like as a verb:- Why they now like Cooking in wine and olive oil?(para.2)

Like as a prepossition:

- Engllish kitchens, like the English Language (para.3)

- cooking British food is like speaking a Dead language (para.4)

2 – difficult to find(para.1) - Easier to find (para.1) - Able to produce (para.3) 3 Prefer cooking (para.2)

Like cooking (para.2) 4 Choose to eat (para.2)

Had to forget (para.4) Learn to (para.4)

Managed to recover (para.4) Began to believe (para.4)

38

LISTENING AND SPEAKING

New York and London Pre-listening task

Look at the pictures of New York and London. What you know about the cities?

39

Listening

Work in two groups Group A

T.46a Listen to Sheila and Bob talking About when they lived in New York.

Bob and Sheila spent two years living in New York because of Bob’s work as a banker. Neither of them had lived in a big city before. They now live back in England, in a small Village outside London.

Group B

T.46b Listen to Terry. American who lives in London.

Terry Tomscha talks about her experience of living and working in England, where she has been for the Past eleven years.

What they/ does she say about the following things?

1 People 2 Shops

3 Work and holidays 4 Transport

40

Post-listening

Comprehension check

1.People

-What are they like?

-What is important to them? -What they like doing? -Where they live?

2.Shops

-What are they like? -Do they like them?

-What time they open?

New York is cosmopolitan, but not as mixed as London. Nationalities stay in their own areas.

People are ruder, fights getting on a bus The taxi drivers are the rudest in the world.

Bob also says that Americans are friendly.

They made a lot of friends. They says that Americans are more open.

The average Englishman is cold and not very open In

the States people start conversations in the street.

Americans are more pontaneous and enthusiastic.

But the English improve as you get to know them Once you’ve made a friend, it’s a friend for life.

English people think Americans are inferior because they get excited by everything.

American people stand closer when they’re talking.

Bob and Sheila Terry

Open till 10.00 at night, so Bob could work and lead a normal life.

Gimbles department store open till 9.00 Some super-markets open 24 hours a day.

Most shops don’t open till 10.00 or 11.00 in the morning

Everything is open on Sunday.

41

3.Work and holidays

4.Transport

-What they mention?

5.General opinions

-Is it a good place to live? Why?

Bob and Sheila Terry

People work later The public holidays are shorter, only the banks are shut.

Bob worked on the sixty-third floor.

Americans work a lot harder For Americans their work is the most important thing in their lives.

Holidays are longer in England The whole country closes down for two weeks at Christmas and New Year. Americans live to work, like the Japanese.

The taxi drivers are the rudest in the world The subways are unusable They are dirty and uncomfortable.

The taxi drivers are wonderful.

They liked it a lot They had a wonderful time Life is easier You could what you liked when you liked.

New York is a dangerous place, but they never had any problems. They made a lot of friends.

Life is easier in the States It’s easier to make money and it’s easier to spend it.

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Writing and speaking

1 Relative clauses are used to tell us which person or thing we are talking about They make it possible to give more information

about the person or thing being spoken about

The boy has gone to the beach (Which boy?) The boy who lives next door has gone to the beach The book is very good (Which book?)

The book that I bought yesterday is very good This is a photo of the hotel (Which hotel?) This is a photo of the hotel where we stayed

2 We use who to refer to people (and we can also use that).

The book is about a girl who marries a millionaire

We use that to refer to things (and we can also use which) What was the name of the horse that won the race?

3 When who or that is the object of a relative clause, it can be left out

The person you need to talk to is on holiday

The book I bought yesterday is very good

But when who or that is the subject of a relative clause, it must be included

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4. Which can be used to refer to the whole previous sentence or idea. I passed my driving test on my first attempt, which surprised

everyone.

Jane can't come to the party, which is a shame.

5 We use whose to refer to someone's possessions That's the woman whose dog ran away.

That's the man whose wife won the lottery

6 We can use where to refer to places

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Participles

* Participles after a noun define and identify in the same way as relative clauses

That woman driving the red Porsche is my

aunt

The men seen outside were probably the

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Describing a room

1 Think of your favourite room Draw a plan of it on a piece of paper. Write down why you like it and some adjectives to describe it.

My favourite room is… I like it because it is…

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T.47 Read and listen to the description of a favourite room. Use your dictionary to look up any new words

My favourite room

MY FAVOURITE room is our kitchen Perhaps the kitchen is the most important room in many houses, but it is particularly so in our house because it’s not only where we cook and eat but it’s also the main meeting place for family and friends I have so many happy memories of times spent there: special occasions such as

homecomings or cooking Christmas dinner; troubled times, which lead to comforting cups of tea in the middle of the night; ordinary daily events such as making breakfast on dark, cold winter mornings for cross, sleepy children before sending them off to school, then sitting down to read the newspaper with a steaming hot mug of coffee.

Whenever we have a party, people gravitate with their drinks to the kitchen It always ends up the fullest and noisiest room in the house.

SO WHAT does this special room look like? It’s quite big, but not huge It’s big enough to have a good-sized rectangular table in the centre, which is the focal point of the room There is a large window above the sink, which looks out onto two apple our kitchen.

trees in the garden The cooker is at one end, and above it is a wooden pulley, which is old-fashioned but very useful for drying clothers in wet weather At the other end is a wall with a large notice-board, which tells the story of our lives, past, present, and future, in wors and pictures: a school photo of Megan and Kate, a postcard from Auntie Nancy in Australia, the menu from a take-away Chinese restaurant, a wedding invitation for next Saturday All our world is there for everyone to read! THE FRONT door is seldom used in our house, only by strangers All our friends use the back door, which means they come straight into the kitchen and join in whatever is

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There are four mistakes in the picture What are they?

1 The table is rectangular, not round.

The trees are apple trees, not pear trees. 3 You can see two of them through the Window.

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The relative pronouns which and where are used in the text. Find them and underline them What does each one refer to?

Where we cook refers to the kitchen Which lead to refers to troubled times

Which is the focal point of the room refers to the table. Which looks out refers to the window

Which is old-fashioned refers to the pulley Which tells refers to the notice-board

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Link the following sentences with the correct relative pronoun: who, which, that, where, whose.

a The blonde lady is my wife She’s wearing a black dress.

b There’s the hospital My sister works there.

c The postcard arrived this morning It’s from Auntie Nancy.

d I passed all my exams This made my father very proud.

e Did you meet the girl? Her mother teaches French.

The blonde lady who’s wearing a black dress is my wife. There’s the hospital where my sister works.

The postcard that arrived this morning is from Auntie Nancy. I passed all my exams, which made my farther very proud.

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Post Script

Signs and soundbites

Where would you see or hear the following? DRY CLEAN ONLY

Government health warning

Tobacco seriously damages your health

Coming next on Capital-traffic

news

and the weather

VACANT

On an item of clothing

On a cigarette packet

On a toilet door

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The management accepts no responsibility

Coat and other articles left at owner’s risk.

Signs and soundbites

Where would you see or hear the following?

VISITORS ARE REQUESTED TO KEEP TO THE PATHS

A table for four, please.

PAY AND DISPLAY Post Script

In a restaurant.

In a public car park

In a public place such as a pub or restaurant

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Your faithfully, Veronica Vazey

Is service included?

KEEP OUT OF REACH

OF CHILDREN SERVICES 20 MILES

Post Script

Signs and soundbites

Where would you see or hear the following?

On a motorway

On a bottle or a packet

of medicine

In a restaurant

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said in reply to a shop assistant asking ‘Can

I help you?’

on a medicine bottle or a pot of skin cream

at the botton of an informal letter

or postcard

Post Script

Signs and soundbites

Where would you see or hear the following? No, I’m just looking

thank you.

FOR EXTERNAL USE ONLY