A comparative study of english and vietnamese modal verbs based on the novel gone with the wind and its vietnamese translated version

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE MODAL VERBS BASED ON THE NOVEL “GONE WITH THE WIND” AND ITS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATED VERSION (So sánh động từ tình thái tiếng Anh với tương đương tiếng Việt dựa tiểu thuyết “Cuốn theo chiều gió” dịch sang tiếng Việt) DAO THI HONG Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 Supervisor: Assos Prof Dr Nguyen Dang Suu Hanoi, 2020 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled a comparative study of English modal verbs and their Vietnamese equivalents based on the novel “gone with the wind” and its Vietnamese translated version submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Language Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2020 Dao Thi Hong Approved by SUPERVISOR Assos Prof Dr Nguyen Dang Suu Date:…………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis could not have been completed without the help and support from several people First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Assoc Prof PhD Nguyen Dang Suu my supervisor, who has patiently and constantly supported me through the stages of the study, and whose stimulating ideas, expertise, and suggestions have inspired me greatly through my growth as an academic researcher My thanks also go to the faculty of English at Hanoi Open University for their enthusiasm and encouragement in this study Finally, I am greatly indebted to my family and my friends for the sacrifice they have devoted to the fulfillment of this academic work Dao Thi Hong ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate of originality i Acknowledgement ii Table of contents iii Abstract vi List of abbreviation vii List of tables viii Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study .2 1.2.1 Aims of the study .2 1.2.2 Objectives of the study .2 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Methods of the study 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Significance of the study 1.7 Structure of the study Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW .5 2.1 Review of Previous Studies 2 Concept of modality 2.2.1 Definition of modality 2.2.2 Types of modality………………………………………………… .11 2.3 Modal verbs in English 13 2.3.1 Concept of modal verbs 13 2.3.2 The syntax of English modal verbs 14 2.3.3 The semantics of English modal verbs 15 2.4 Modal verbs in Vietnamese 19 2.4.1 Concept of Vietnamese modal verbs .19 iii 2.4.2 The syntax of Vietnamese modal verbs 19 2.4.3 The semantics of Vietnamese modal verbs 21 2.5 Contrastive analysis (CA) 23 2.6 Summary .24 Chapter 3: SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE MODAL VERBS BASED ON THE NOVEL “GONE WITH THE WIND” AND ITS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATED VERSION .25 3.1 Syntactic features of English modal verbs and their Vietnamese equivalents .25 3.1.1 Affirmatives with modal verbs .27 3.1.2 Negatives with Modal verbs 28 3.1.3 Questions with Modal verbs 29 3.2 Semantic features of English modal verbs and their Vienamese equivalents 30 3.2.1 Conventional meaning of modal verbs 30 3.2.1.1 Conventional meaning of can/ could……………………… …… 30 3.2.1.2 Conventional meaning of may/ might………………………… … 35 3.2.1.3 Conventional meaning of must ………………………………… …36 3.2.1.4 Conventional meaning of will/ would ………………………… ….37 3.2.1.5 Conventional meaning of shall/ should ………………………… 39 3.2.2 Modal verbs and their equivalents in Vietnamese 41 3.2.2.1 Can/ could and their equivalents in Vietnamese 41 3.2.2.2 May/ might and their equivalents in Vietnamese 44 3.2.2.3 Must and their equivalents in Vietnamese 45 3.2.2.4 Will/ would and their equivalents in Vietnames .48 3.2.2.5 Shall/ should and their equivalents in Vietnamese 51 3.3 Discussion on the similarities and differences between English modal verbs and their Vietnamese equivalents 53 3.3.1 On the syntactic and semantic similarities .53 3.3.1.1 Similarities of the syntactic features……………………………… 53 3.3.1.2 Similarities of the semantic features……………………………… 54 3.3.2 On the syntactic and semantic differences .56 3.3.2.1 Differences of the syntactic features……………………………… 56 iv 3.3.2.2 Differences of the semantic features……………………………… 57 3.4 Implications ……………………………………………………………… 58 3.5 Summary 61 Chapter 4: CONCLUSION 62 4.1 Recapitulation 62 4.2 Concluding remarks 62 4.3 Limitation of the study 63 4.4 Suggestions for further research .63 REFERENCES 64 APPENDIX i v ABSTRACT This study is an attempt to explore and investigate the syntactic and semantic similarities and differences between nine English modal verbs and their Vietnamese equivalents based on the novel “Gone with the wind” and its Vietnamese translated version The main aim of the research is to find similarities and differences between the two languages and give some suggested implications for teaching English modal verbs to Vietnamese learners in an effective way The main data used in this study is taken from the novel Gone with the wind by Margaret Mitchell – an American novelist and journalist and its translation by Tran Duong Tuong (1932) – a Vietnamese translator and writer The data collected were then descriptively and qualitatively analyzed to find similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese modal verbs The findings of the study showed that both English and Vietnamese modal verbs have the characteristics to form different types of sentences: Affirmatives, negatives and interrogatives Both English and Vietnamese modal verbs are used to describe obligation, permission, ability, necessity, probability, and possibility etc However, there are some major differences in Vietnamese modal verbs, modal particles and equivalent idioms which are grammaticalized and lexicalized functioned as pragmatic particles conveying subtle, diversified pragmatic information are placed at the end of the sentence such as à, ư, nhỉ, nhé, thôi, nấy, chứ, nên, etc In English, modal verbs can be transformed to express time of action, for instance, can (present action) – could (past action) While in Vietnamese, time localization of action is expressed by means of lexical meaning sẽ, cũng, đã, lại đang, đều… It is hoped that the findings from this study will contribute to further understanding of syntactic and semantic features of English modal verbs compared to Vietnamese Moreover, the findings of similarities and differences between the two languages will be useful in language teaching and learning and translation from English into Vietnamese Hà Nội, ngày tháng 12 năm 2020 Học viên Đào Thị Hồng vi LIST OF ABBREVIATION CA : e.g : Etc : i.e : LI : L2 : N1 (CN) : p : SL : TL : VP : Contrastive analysis Exempli gratia ( for example) Et cereta That is the first language the foreign language being learnt Noun (chủ ngữ) Page Source language Target language Verb phrase vii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: The commodity exchanged & the speech function and the types of intermediacy Table 2.2: Modal auxiliaries have corresponding present and past forms Table 3.1 The findings of English modal verbs in the data Table 3.2 The syntactical structures of Vietnamese modal verbs Table 3.3: The findings of can and could in the data Table 3.4 The findings of may and might in the data Table 3.5 The findings of must in the data Table 3.6 The findings of will and would in the data Table 3.7 The findings of shall in the data Table 3.8 The findings of should in the data 12 15 26 26 44 46 48 51 54 54 viii Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale In the current time of world-wide explosion of information and cross-cultural communication, there is an urgent need for the Vietnamese peoples to learn and use the English language efficiently as an international means of communication Their sincere desire is to express various aspects of the languages, the cultures, and the knowledge of the Vietnamese peoples’ lives In everyday communication, they not simply describe events, processes or states of affairs By means of language, they also wish to express their emotions and attitudes; or to influence in some way the addressee’s beliefs, behaviours Usually, the speaker not only says something true, something that will definitely happen or happened, but also says something he/ she does not know for sure The area of semantics that concerns this expressive and social information of statements is modality It is very interesting and essential to study modality in general and to investigate how much a speaker commits to what he says in particular Modality has gained much popularity among linguists The different ways in which different languages allow speakers to insert themselves into their discourse, expressing their desires or opinions have become a common subject of study From syntax to semantics, the study of modality has spawned innumerable academic papers, namely Bybee (1985), Lyons (1977 ) and others Vietnamese modal system has also been studied by Hoang Phe ( 1984) and Do Huu Chau (1989) The researches in English focus on analyzing both the most common form and content of modality As a result, in Vietnam, many scholars have also studied modality in general and types of modality However, no attempt has been made to conduct a comparative study on linguistic means of indicating modality in English and Vietnamese Thus, a full and specific description of syntactic and semantic features of English modal verbs and the equivalent expressions in Vietnamese seems to be necessary In teaching modal verbs at my high school, I realize that a great number of my students have a lot of difficulties in learning and using English modal verbs Distinguishing among modal verbs and translating modalized expressions from English into Vietnamese also makes them confused This problem is especially more embarrassing when they encounter different modals conveying similar meanings They can produce grammatically correct utterances, but not understand properly the social and cultural information each modal meaning something in it, for Ellen said the same things, in different and more delicate words [5] phần Ellen nói tế nhị You must (5) ride over and see him, Mr O’Hara Ông phải [5] tới coi nó, ơng O’Hara As Uncle Peter told her about them, Scarlett felt that Atlanta must (5) be a city of the wounded, … Theo lời bác Peter, Scarlett có cảm tưởng Atlanta thành phố thương binh, … They all cried to her that she must (5) join their knitting and sewing circles and their hospital committees, and no one else’s, and she promised recklessly to right and left Tất đòi hỏi nàng phải gia nhập hội may vá, đan thêu uỷ ban bịnh viện họ, nhứt không hứa với Thế nàng phải hứa bừa với người “But they’d suspect it was your bedroom and that’s just as bad Honey, you must (5)n’t things like that − Tuy vậy, họ nghĩ phịng ngủ cháu, tai hại Nè cưng, cưng không làm We must (5)n’t make it harder for her.” Mình khơng nên gây thêm đau khổ We must (5) hurry back to the Armory and get the decorating done And Melly, you must (5) take the McLure girls’ booth.” Phải trở lại kho quân dụng để lo trang hồng cịn Melly, cháu phải thay cho chị em McLure quầy hàng O’Hara said Scarlett must (5) go to church and say some Rosaries for Carreen’s recovery Bà Ellen nhắn Scarlett nên đến nhà thờ cầu nguyện cho Carreen chóng khỏi bệnh “Oh, Scarlett, you must (5)n’t stay here You must (5) go and take Wade.” Ơi, chị Scarlett, chị khơng nên Chị nên đi, mang Wade đi xvii A whole block must (5) be burning Chắc nhiều nhà bị cháy “I must (5) think,” she told herself over and over “I must (5) think.” “Mình cần phải suy nghĩ! Scarlett khơng ngừng nhắc lại Mình cần phải suy nghĩ!” Scarlett knew she should go in and quiet Melanie’s fear, knew Melanie must (5) be frightened out of her senses by the thunderous noises that continued unabated and the glare that lighted the sky Scarlett nghĩ thầm phải lên để khích lệ Mélanie Cơ biết em chồng hẳn sợ hãi nghe thấy tiếng nổ không ngừng tiếng sấm trông thấy lửa cháy sáng rực trời “That must (5) be the last of the ammunition trains,” Rhett said calmly – Có lẽ chuyến xe đạn cuối cùng, Rhett bình tĩnh nói “Must (5)–must (5) we go through the fire?” Scarlett qua- vered – Bắt buộc… bắt buộc phải qua đám cháy à? Scarlett ấp úng Sixteen at the most, thought Scarlett irrelevantly, must (5) be one of the Home Guard or a runaway schoolboy “Anh ta không mười sáu tuổi, Scarlett nghĩ bụng Anh ta người đội Cận vệ địa phương không trốn khỏi trường học” “Đừng nghĩ tới chuyện lúc này, “I must (5)n’t think about that now,” she đừng bận tâm chuyện Mình lại told herself hurriedly “I must (5)n’t let myself think about it I’ll get scared again hoảng sợ cuống cuồng lên” if I think about it.” They must (5) be starting on toward home again But first they must (5) find some food and water, especially water Họ phải tiếp tực đường Tara Nhưng trước hết, phải tìm vài để ăn nước, đặc biệt nước Scarlett lay Prissy dậy xviii But there must (5) be room in your heart for me too Vậy phải có chỗ cho tơi trái tim He must (5) think her a fool if he offered her a proposi- tion like that, Phải, coi đần độn đưa đề nghị “…Why must (5) they always hit Jonesboro? “…Tại chúng phải đánh vào Jonesboro? ” Carreen must (5) be dying if she was so far beyond Ellen’s medical skill that Gerald was hunting a doctor! Vậy Careen chết Mẹ nàng hết phương cứu chữa nên cho nàng phải tìm bác sĩ - No, I must (5)n’t think about that, it isn’t nice But Ashley– No, I must (5)n’t think about that because he’s probably dead, anyway Không, không nên nghĩ Nghĩ khơng tốt Nhưng Ashley… Khơng, khơng nên nghĩ tới chuyệ có lẽ chàng chết xix APPENDIX MODAL VERB WILL - WOULD WILL Coded as in English Coded as in Vietnamese “If you say ‘war’ just once more, I’ll (8) go in the house and shut the door …” Nếu anh nói tới "chiến tranh" lần nữa, tơi vào nhà đóng cửa lại ngay… “…I’ll (8) tend to you four in the morning!’ …Sáng mai tao [8] hỏi tội lũ" “Do you suppose she’ll (8) hit Boyd?” “Will (8) your mother ride the new horse to the Wilkes barbecue tomorrow?” Theo anh bác gái có[8] đánh anh Boyd khơng? Ngày mai bác gái có [8] cỡi ngựa dự dã yến bên gia đình Quilkes khơng? “Of course I will (8),” Scarlett said automatically Scarlett trả lời ngƣời máy: − Vâng, hứa [8] “You’re sweet! I’ll bet the other boys will (8) be hopping mad.” − Điệu quá! Chắc chắn đám “It will (8) serve you right if that sly piece does accept one of you,” she said Bà nói: I’ll (8) bet those foreigners can ’t show us a thing we haven’t got right here in Georgia I’ll (8) bet their horses aren’t as fast or their girls as pretty, and I know damn well they haven’t got any rye whisky that can touch Father’s.” − Tao cá người ngoại quốc trai khác nhảy dựng lên mà tức [8] − Rồi bọn bây [8] biết nhỏ quỉ quái lấy hai đứa bây chả có [1] mà Georgia nầy khơng có Tao cá ngựa họ khơng nhanh ngựa mình, gái khơng đẹp hơn, tao dám họ khơng thể có loại Whisky lúa mạch đương với rượu ba Surely, thought Scarlett, Pa will (8) know Scarlett nghĩ, chắn ba biết rõ whether this awful story is true chuyện có thật hay khơng[8] If I can just see him privately before supper, perhaps I’ll(8) find out the truth– that it’s just one of the twins’ nasty practical jokes Nếu [1] gặp riêng ba trước lúc ăn tối, [8] biết thật, trò đùa ác hại anh em song sinh xx “You look very presentable now,” she said, “and I don’t think anyone will (8) suspect you’ve been up to your tricks unless you brag about them − Bây giờ, trơng ba đàng hồng Chắc chắn khơng biết trị nghịch ngợm ba đâu, ba không khoe với họ [8] John Wilkes was for almost giving them away, but never will (8) I have it said that Gerald O’Hara used friendship in a trade John Quilkes muốn cho không ba không chịu, [8]để cho thiên hạ đồn ầm lên Gerald lợi dụng tình bạn chuyện mua bán “Well, never again will (8) I let a darky on this place marry off it It’s too expensive Well, come on, Puss, let’s go in to supper.” − Nè, kể từ trở đi, không để tên hắc nơ lấy vợ bên ngồi [8]Hao tốn Nè cô bé, vào “Come now, daughter, don’t lag Your mother will (8) be hunting for us.” − Thôi vô con, đừng cà rề Coi chừng [8]má kiếm “No,” she said shortly “Nor will (8) he,” said Gerald − Không Vậy [8]khơng hỏi cưới đâu Marry one of the twins and then the plantations will (8) run together and Jim Tarleton and I will (8) build you a fine house, right where they join, in that big pine grove and–” Lấy hai đứa sanh đơi hai đồn điền [8] kết hợp nhau, Jim Tarleton ba xây cho hai đứa bây nhà xinh đẹp, [8] chỗ hai đồn điền giáp nối, khu rừng thông to lớn và… “Will (8) you stop treating me like a child!” cried Scar- lett Scarlett la lớn: − Đừng coi nít nữa! [8] “Hush, not so loudly You will (8) wake Mr O’Hara They are not sick enough to die.” − Suỵt, đừng có ầm ĩ Bọn bây làm ông O’Hara giấc ngủ [8] Bịnh chúng chưa đến chết đâu xxi “I will (8) marry you, Mr O’Hara.” “Ông O’Hara, tơi lịng [8] thành với ơng” “… I will (8) go away where I’ll never see them again, or this town, or anyone who reminds me of–of– him.” − … Tôi muốn [8] bỏ đi, đến nơi để khơng cịn nhìn thấy họ nữa, nhìn thấy thành phố nầy, người quen làm cho nhớ… nhớ tới anh “I will (8) it He is a kind man I will (8) it or go into the convent at Charleston.” − Tơi [8] làm Ơng ta người dễ thương Tôi làm vào tu viện Charleston “Thank you, Dilcey,” Scarlett replied, “but I’m afraid Mammy will (8) have something to say about that….” Scarlett đáp: − Cám ơn Dilcey, ngại Mammy chẳng [8]tán thành … “Yes, and dead, poor thing,” said Ellen đáp: − Rồi, và, tội nghiệp, Ellen “I feared Emmie would die too, chết Tôi sợ Emmie chết theo, but I think she will (8) live.” tơi nghĩ [8] sống Cade Calvert was in Atlanta this morning and he says–will (8) you be quiet and let me be hearing me own voice? Cade Calvert vừa Atlanta sáng nay… Mấy đứa bây có chịu [8] im để tao cịn nghe tiếng nói tao hay khơng?… And he says the news from Charleston is that they will (8) be putting up with no more Yankee insults.” Và nói, theo tin từ Charleston, họ [8] làm cho quân Yankee không phỉ báng nữa… If the nice people of Charleston feel that way, I’m sure we will (8) all feel the same way soon,” − Nếu người Charleston đáng kính chọn đường lối tơi tin sớm muộn [8] chọn đường lối với họ xxii “Give me your gown, Scarlett, I will (8) whip the lace for you after prayers − Đưa áo cho má, Scarlett, má sẽ[8] vắt đăng ten lại cầu nguyện xong Gerald exploded “And where will (8) I be getting an-other overseer who would (9)n’t be cheating me out of my eyeteeth?” Gerald to tiếng: − Rồi tơi [8] tìm đâu đứa quản gia khác, không lường gạt lấy xu?[9] “I won’t (8) think of that now,” she said firmly “If I think of it now, it will (8) upset me …” “Mình khơng [8] nghĩ tới chuyện bây giờ, [8] làm rối trí lên …” Scarlett suy nghĩ: “I’ll (8) remember how beautiful this − Mình [8]nhớ đẹp day is till I die,” thought Scarlett ngày hơm chết Có lẽ, hơm “Perhaps it will (8) be my wedding day!” ngày thích hợp với lễ “I’ll (8) live there all my life and I’ll (8) see fifty springs like this and may be more, and I’ll (8) tell my children and my grandchildren how beautiful this spring was, love- lier than any they’ll (8) ever see.” − Mình [8] sống [8] cịn thấy độ năm mười mùa xuân nầy đẹp [8] kể cho cháu nghe mùa xuân nầy đẹp nào, đáng yêu mùa xuân chúng thấy sau nầy they’ll fine on a dry track, a fast track, Họ xuất sắc đường khơ, đường phẳng, I said, ‘No, Ma Not for me My children will (8) all have spavins and heaves.’ Tôi nói: “Khơng đâu, má Con khơng chịu đâu Mấy đứa [8] bị chai chân thở dốc ngựa” “I’ll scream out loud if you come near me I will (8)! I will (8)–at the top of my − Tôi la lớn lên anh tới gần Tôi la, sẽ… thật lớn! xxiii voice! “You will (8) come to Atlanta and visit me and Aunt Pittypat, won’t you? Oh, darling, we want to have you so much! We want to know Charlie’s wife better.” Em phải lên Atlanta thăm chị cô Pittypat nghe không? Ồ, cưng, chị mong em lắm! Gia đình muốn biết rõ vợ Charlie “No, he won’t,” said Scarlett Scarlett đáp: − Không, ba không WOULD Coded as in English Coded as in Vietnamese “ … that you don’t suppose any of us would (9) stay in college with a war going on, you? ” Cơ tưởng có đứa bọn chịu [9] học chiến tranh diễn ra, phải không? “… our commissioners in Washington would (9) come to–to–an– amicable agreement with Mr Lincoln about the Con- federacy…” ơng đặc uỷ Hoa Thịnh Đốn tuần tra [9] tới thoả hiệp với ông Lincoln chánh sách Liên Bang “… I’m mighty glad Georgia waited till after Christmas before it seceded or it would (9) have ruined the Christmas parties, too …” Tơi lịng Georgia chờ đến qua lễ Giáng Sinh ly khai, khơng vui dịp Giáng Sinh hỏng “ … and there were sounds of footsteps going out the back way toward the smoke- house where Ellen would (9) ration out the food to the home-coming hands …” có tiếng bước chân cửa sau, tiến lần phịng xơng khói nơi bà Ellen sửa [9] chia phần cho nô lệ vừa tới “Well, I have! How did I know you all would (9) be home? ” Chưa được! Làm biết trước “ … ; but with all the war talk going around, ev- erybody in both families thought it would (9) be better to get married soon ’’ … , với tất tin đồn dồn dập chiến tranh, hai gia đình tất anh trở về? nghĩ nên cho thành hôn sớm tốt [9] xxiv “Look,” he said “Don’t it look to you like − Nầy, có nghĩ [9] she would (9) of asked us to stay for bé phải mời lại ăn khơng? supper?” Stuart đáp: “I thought she would (9),” said Stuart − Tao nghĩ [9] “ … We would (9)n’t have known it if Miss Melly’s aunt hadn’t let it out…” … Bọn có lẽ [9] khơng biết Melly khơng nói ra… The County felt that perhaps the cool and contained India Wilkes would (9) have a quieting effect on him Người hạt cho tính tình trầm lặng India [9] làm cho anh chàng bớt nóng nảy Just what the loser would (9) do, should Scarlett accept either one of them, the twins did not ask They would (9) cross that bridge when they came to it Rồi ngƣời thua [9] làm gì, Scarlett chọn hai anh em, điều mà họ khơng nghĩ tới Họ có việc phải [9] qua cầu cầu trước mắt “So would (9) I, any day Tao nghĩ [9], ngày … Bộ đội không chấp … besides, the Troop would (9) have nhận cho cựu chiến binh cầm đầu scorned a veteran as a leader if they had họ, người khơng đƣợc họ mến not personally liked him and trusted him chuộng tin cậy [9] … and she hastily untucked her foot and tried to rearrange her face in more placid lines It would (9) never for Mammy to suspect that anything was wrong Scar- lett knew from experience that, if Mammy’s curiosity were not immediately satisfied, she would (9) take up the matter with Ellen, and then Scarlett would (9) be forced to reveal everything to her mother, or think up some plausible lie When Mammy returned she would (9) re- sume her lecture on Scarlett’s breach of hospitality, … …, Scarlett vội vàng kéo chân cố làm vẻ tỉnh táo Không nên Mammy nghi ngờ [9] Qua kinh nghiệm, Scarlett hiểu rõ tò mò chưa giải toả, nhứt định Mammy [9] nói lại với Ellen chừng đó, Scarlett [9] bị bắt buộc phải cung khai tất với mẹ nàng, phải nghĩ chuyện nói dối cho thuận lý Khi Mammy trở ra, bà ta lại [9] nhai tới nhai lui thái độ khiếm nhã Scarlett khách, … xxv …The delay would (9) give her time to quiet her breath- ing and calm her face so that his suspicions would (9) not be aroused… Khoảng thời gian chậm lại [9] giúp cho nàng điều hoà thở lấy lại bình tĩnh nét mặt để cha khỏi [9] nghi ngờ… …., she tossed restlessly for hours and …, nàng trằn trọc nhiều com- forted herself only with the thought tự an ủi với ý nghĩ chàng [9]mở lời that the very next time he saw her he lần gặp tới certainly would (9) propose… …, and to the end of her days she would (9) never be able to understand a complexity …, có lẽ ngày cuối đời nàng vẫn[9]khơng hiểu chuyện phức tạp That he would (9) propose some day she had never doubted, for she was too young and too spoiled ever to have known defeat Nàng không nghi ngờ việc ngày chàng [9]ngỏ lời nàng cịn q trẻ q nng chìu để chấp nhận thất bại Nếu Scarlett phải đợi lâu nữa, If she had to wait much longer, Mammy chắn Mammy [9]ra tìm bắt buộc would (9) certainly come in search of her nàng phải vào nhà với lời quở and bully her into the house trách No one would (9) ever have the temerity to think of Gerald O’Hara as a ridiculous little fig- ure … and his vanity would (9) have suffered tremendously if he had found it out, for he liked to think that when he bawled orders at the top of his voice everyone trem- bled and obeyed It was a secret he would (9) never learn, for everyone from Ellen down to the stupidest field hand was in a tacit and kindly conspiracy to keep him believing that his word was law Không dám [9] táo bạo coi Gerald O’Hara kẻ thấp bé buồn cười …, ông [9] vơ khổ sở nhận điều đó, ơng thích nghĩ ơng qt tháo vang rần tất run sợ tn lịnh Đó bí ẩn mà ơng khơng khám phá nổi, [9] tất cả, từ bà Ellen gã nông nô đần độn nhứt, ngấm ngầm khả toa rập với ông tin tưởng xxvi tiếng nói ơng thật pháp luật She was his oldest child and, now that Gerald knew there would (9) be no more sons to follow the three who lay in the family burying ground, “if I married him, I’d (9) change all that!” Nàng trưởng, Gerald nhận rõ ơng [9] khơng có đứa trai nữa, ba đứa nằm nghĩa địa nhà, Nếu lấy anh ấy, thay đổi tất xxvii APPENDIX MODAL VERB SHALL - SHOULD SHALL Coded as in English Coded as in Vietnamese “Well, may I be damned if I’ll have me own daugh- ter telling me what I shall (6) jump and not jump,” he shouted, giving her cheek another pinch ” Nè, dầu có phải chết tơi khơng gái tơi dạy tơi có nên nhảy rào hay khơng – Ơng hét lớn lại nhéo vào má Scarlett “I shall (6) hate you till I die, you cad– you lowdown– lowdown–” − Tôi thù hận anh chết, đồ tồi… quân ti tiện… ti tiện… “No,” she said, and managed a crooked smile “Shall (6) we go sit on the bench?” he asked, taking her arm Scarlett cười gượng gạo: − Cám ơn, không đâu Charles nắm tay nàng: − Chúng ta băng ngồi? “You will marry me soon, Miss Scarlett?” “Um,” she said, fingering a fold of her dress “Shall (6) we make it a double wedding with Mel–” − Chúng làm lễ cưới sớm hơn, phải không, cô Scarlett?− Ừm!Nàng vừa đáp, vừa vân vê vạt áo.− Chúng ta làm hôn lễ lượt với Mela… “I could n’t,” said Pittypat weakly, rising to her feet “I–I feel ill I must go lie down I shall (6) lie down all day tomorrow .” Cơ Pittypat đứng lên, nói thật yếu ớt: Khơng được, cơ… cảm thấy khó thở, phải nằm bây giờ, không chừng nằm suốt ngày mai “No, he won’t,” said Scarlett “And oh, I shall (6) die if I have to go back to Tara in disgrace, like Mother threatens!” Scarlett đáp: − Không, ba không Ồ, chết phải trở Tara với danh giá bị hoen ố mẹ tơi nói Rhett propelled Gerald forward “Shall (6) I help you take him upstairs? You can not manage him He’s quite heavy.” Rhett đẩy ông Gerald tới: − Tôi giúp cô đem ông lên lầu, khơng? Một khơng thể đỡ Ơng nặng “Shall (6) I take off his boots?” “No He’s slept in them before.” − Có cần cởi giày ơng không? −Không Ba ngủ mang giày quen xxvii i I shall (6) speak to Dr Meade about it Tơi nói với bác sĩ Meade chuyện nầy I shall (6) take pleasure in seeing it smashed.” Tôi cịn sung sướng sụp đổ ln “But not to change to a mourning bonnet I shall (6) find some other charming lady with green eyes who appreciates my taste.” Nhưng khơng phải để biến thành nón tang Tơi tìm người khác có màu mắt xanh để tặng “No I shall (6) say one hundred dollars and she’ll tell everybody in town and everybody will be green with envy and talk about my extravagance But Rhett, you mustn’t bring me anything else so expensive It’s aw- fully kind of you, but I really couldn’t accept anything else.” “Indeed? Well, I shall (6) bring you presents so long as it pleases me and so long as I see things that will en- hance your charms I shall (6) bring you darkgreen wa- tered silk for a frock to match the bonnet − Không, nói trăm đơ-la Pitty học lại với thiên hạ để họ tức chơi cho xài lớn Nhưng Rhett, ông đừng cho q đắt tiền Ơng tốt tơi khơng thể nhận đâu − Thiệt không? Được, tiếp tục tặng quà tơi cịn thích cịn thấy làm tăng sức quyến rũ Tơi tặng cô áo dài lụa xanh để phù hợp với màu nón “Oh, Scarlett, you are so young you wring my heart,” he said “And I shall (6) kiss you, as you seem to expect it,”… − Scarlett, trẻ đẹp q, bóp nát tim tơi Đây nầy, hôn cô cô mong đợi “I shall (6) die if Aunt Pitty finds out! …” Melanie nức nở: − Chị chết cô Pitty biết But when the end comes, I shall (6) be far away from here, even if I am alive, too far away to look out for Melanie.” “The–the end?” Nhưng ngày tàn, tới lúc anh cách xa đây, dầu cho anh sống vậy, anh xa nên khơng thể chăm sóc cho Melanie được.− Ngày… ngày tàn…? “I know you’re surprised,” Melanie Melanie thở hổn hển: – Chị biết em ngạc xxix rattled on, breathlessly “And isn’t it too wonderful? Oh, Scar- lett, I don’t know how I shall (6) ever write Ashley! nhiên Có phải tuyệt vời khơng em? Scarlett, chị nên viết cho Ashley I think I shall (6) have to go back to Rich- mond Tôi nghĩ phải trở lại Richmond “I shall (6) talk frankly to you, Miss Scarlett,” Cháu Scarlett này, bác thấy cần phải nói thực với cháu I shall (6) call you ‘dear’ whether you like it or not, so no matter, but the proprieties must be ob- served.” Có phải khơng em u? Tơi gọi bà Hamilton em yêu chứ? Vả lại gọi là?em u? có thích hay không SHOULD Coded as in English Coded as in Vietnamese “Just because we’ve been away and didn’t know about the barbecue and the ball, that’s no reason why we should (7)n’t get plenty of dances tomorrow night You haven’t promised them all, have you?” − Khơng phải tụi nầy xa, chẳng hay These latter young men were as anxious to fight the Yankees, should (7) war come, as were their richer neighbors; Những binh sĩ thuộc hạng sau nao nức đánh quân Yankee [7] khơng làng giềng giàu có … Why he should (7) have captivated Scarlett when his mind was a stranger to hers she did not know Scarlett khơng hiểu chàng có thể[7] chiếm hồn nàng, đầu óc chàng kẻ xa lạ nàng She knew she should (7) be examining her conscience Nàng biết phải [7] tự vấn lương tâm He should (7) be put in jail Đáng lẽ phải cho vào tù And she knew she should (7) be altogether one way or the other Nàng tự biết [7] vừa nầy vừa khác “Young misses should (7) cas’ down Các phải [7] ngó xuống nói: “Vâng, biết buổi yến khiêu vũ mà bọn nầy khơng có quyền nhảy thật nhiều đêm mai [7] Chắc cô chưa hứa với bọn họ, phải không? xxx dey eyes an’ say, ‘Well, suh, Ah mout’ an’ ‘Jes’ as you say, suh.”’ thưa ông”, “Vâng, ông nói lắm, thưa ông” Just why men should (7) be this way, she did not know Tại đàn ông cũng[7] rập khuôn, nàng không hiểu Her mind was as if a cyclone had gone through it, and it seemed strange that the dining room where they sat should (7) be so placid, so unchanged from what it had always been Nàng tưởng tượng có lốc vừa thổi qua, ngạc nhiên thấy phòng ăn [7] yên ổn, không thay đổi, y hệt trước “Carreen should (7) have been asleep long ago − Carreen [7] phải ngủ lâu And she knew she should (7) be altogether one way or the other Nàng tự biết [7] vừa nầy vừa khác The troublesome question was–what dress should (7) she wear to the barbecue? Chỉ vấn đề rắc rối thơi: nàng [7] mặc áo dã yến? “I should (7) not write those words I should (7) not even think them “Đáng lẽ anh không nên viết lời nầy Ngay nghĩ tới không nên That marriage should (7) be like this was no surprise to her Ellen had hinted before the wedding that marriage was something women must bear with dignity and fortitude Hơn nhân phải hồn tồn Trước ngày nàng thành hôn, Ellen khéo léo cho nàng hiểu nhân có điều mà người đàn bà phải chịu đựng với thái độ nghiêm trang nghị lực How strange that Ashley should (7) be impressed by some- thing that scamp had said a year ago Sao Ashley lại ghi nhớ lời lẽ người đê tiện nói cách tới năm? Why should (7) I fight to uphold the system that cast me out? Tại phải chiến đấu để bảo tồn tập thể loại tơi ra? … and she intended that her three … ý định bà làm cho ba đứa daughters should (7) be great ladies gái trở nên phu nhân quí also phái [7] xxxi ... SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE MODAL VERBS BASED ON THE NOVEL ? ?GONE WITH THE WIND? ?? AND ITS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATED VERSION .25 3.1 Syntactic features of English modal verbs and. .. choose and to go further into the topic: A comparative study of English and Vietnamese modal verbs based on the novel ? ?Gone with the wind? ?? and its Vietnamese translated version 1.2 Aims and objectives... ? ?GONE WITH THE WIND? ?? AND ITS VIETNAMESE TRANSLATED VERSION This chapter will focus on analyzing the syntactic and semantic features of English and Vietnamese modal verbs based on the novel “ Gone