UNIT 7: POLLUTION A TỪ VỰNG: ENGLISH acid rain advertising billboard affect air pollution almost TYPE n n v n adv PRONUNCIATION /æsɪd reɪn/ /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ ˈbɪlbɔːd/ /əˈfekt/ /eər pəˈluːʃn/ /ˈɔːlməʊst/ VIETNAMESE mưa axit biển quảng cảo gây ảnh hưởng ô nhiễm khơng khí aquatic adj /əˈkwỉtɪk/ sống nước atmosphere n /ˈỉtməsfɪər/ bầu khơng khí behaviour n /bɪˈheɪvjər/ hành vi believe v /bɪˈliːv/ tin tưởng birth defect n /bɜːθ ˈdiːfekt/ khuyết tật bẩm sinh blood pressure n /blʌd ˈpreʃər/ huyết áp breathing problem n /ˈbriːðɪŋ ˈprɒbləm/ vấn đề thở change v /tʃeɪndʒ/ thay đổi, thay đổi chemical adj /ˈkemɪkəl/ thuộc hóa học come up with v /kʌm ʌp wɪð/ nghĩ complain v /kəmˈpleɪn/ phàn nàn contain v /kənˈteɪn/ chứa đựng contaminant n /kənˈtæmɪnənt/ chất gây ô nhiễm contamination n /kəntæmɪˈneɪʃn/ ô nhiễm continue v /kənˈtɪnjuː/ tiếp tục damage v, n /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ phả hủy, phá hoại, tổn thất dead n /ded/ chết decrease v /dɪˈkriːs/ làm giảm die v /daɪ/ chết dirty adj /ˈdɜːti/ bẩn thỉu discharge v, n /dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/ dỡ hàng, tháo disease n /dɪˈziːz/ bệnh tật dramatic adj /drəˈmætɪk/ nghiêm trọng dump v /dʌmp/ đổ, vứt bỏ dust n /dʌst/ bụi earth’s surface n /ɜːθ ˈsɜːfɪs/ bề mặt trái đất environmental adj /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəl/ thuộc môi trường expose v /ɪkˈspəʊz/ tiếp xúc factory n /ˈfæktəri/ nhà máy Trang float v /fləʊt/ fume n /fjuːm/ khói thải gas n /ɡỉs/ khí, dầu xăng give presentation v /ɡɪv prezənˈteɪʃən/ thuyết trình global warming n /ˈɡləʊbəl ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ nóng lên tồn cầu ground water n /ɡraʊnd ˈwɔːtər/ nước ngầm harmful adj /ˈhɑːmfəl/ có hại hearing loss n /ˈhɪərɪŋ lɒs/ khả nghe herbicide n /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ thuốc diệt cỏ home village n /həʊm ˈvɪlɪdʒ/ quê nhà household n, adj /ˈhaʊshəʊld/ hộ gia đình, thuộc gia đình illustrate v /ˈɪləstreɪt/ minh họa industrial adj /ɪnˈdʌstriəl/ thuộc công nghiệp issue n /ˈɪʃuː/ vấn đề land/soil pollution n /lỉnd/sɔɪl pəˈluːʃən/ nhiễm đất lead to v /lɪːd tuː/ dẫn tới light pollution n /laɪt pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm ánh sáng litter v /lɪtər/ xả rác, rác noise pollution n /nɔɪz pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm tiếng ồn occur v /əˈkɜːr/ xảy ocean n /ˈəʊʃən/ đại dương overhead adj /ˈəʊvəhed/ đầu pattern n /ˈpætən/ kiểu mẫu, gương mẫu poison n /ˈpɔɪzən/ chất độc poisonous adj /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ có độc, nhiễm độc polluted adj /pəˈluːtɪd/ bị ô nhiễm pollution n /pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm radiation n phóng xạ radioactive pollution n recycle v /reɪdɪˈeɪʃən/ /reɪdiəʊˈỉktɪv pə ˈluːʃən / /riːˈsaɪkl/ reduction n /rɪˈdʌkʃən/ rút gọn, giảm renewable adj /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ làm được, tái sinh resident n /ˈrezɪdənt/ cư dân result In phr.v /rɪˈzʌlt ɪn/ dẫn tới, gây river n /rɪvər/ dịng sơng rubbish n /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ rác thải nhiễm phóng xạ tái chế Trang serious adj /ˈsɪəriəs/ nghiêm trọng sneeze v /sniːz/ hắt spill v /spɪl/ làm tràn, làm đổ stream n /ˈstriːm/ dòng suối surprise v, n /səˈpraɪz/ ngạc nhiên telephone pole n /ˈtelɪfəʊn pəʊl/ cột điện thoại thermal pollution n /ˈθɜːməl pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm nhiệt throw v /θrəʊ/ ném, vứt tiny species n /ˈtaɪni ˈspiːʃiːz/ sinh vật nhỏ untidy adj /ʌn ˈtaɪdi/ lôi thôi, lếch vehicle n /ˈviːɪkl/ phương tiện giao thông visual pollution n /ˈvɪʒuəl pəˈluːʃən/ nhiễm tầm nhìn waste n /weɪst/ chắt thải water pollution n /ˈwɔːtər pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm nước weed n /wiːd/ cỏ dại B NGỮ PHÁP: Conditional sentences type Câu điều kiện loại I Câu điều kiện loại dùng để diễn tả điều kiện xảy tương lai Cấu trúc: If + S + Vs/es, S + will + V Nói cách khác, câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng đơn, mệnh đề dùng tương lai đơn Ví dụ: If you study hard, you will pass the exam Nếu bạn học chăm chỉ, bạn vượt qua kì thi If it is cool, I will go fishing Nếu trời mát, câu cá Conditional sentences type Câu điều kiện loại II dùng để diễn tả điều xảy tương lai Cấu trúc: If + S + Ved, S + would + V Chú ý: Trong câu điều kiện loại 2, mệnh đề “IF”, động từ “to be” chuyển thành “were” cho tất ngơi Ví dụ: If I were a bird, I would be very happy Nếu chim, tôl hạnh phúc Trang If I had a million USD, I would buy that house Nếu tơi có triệu la, tơi mua nhà Tóm tắt loại câu điều kiện: Type Forms lf + S + V(s, es), S + will/ can/ shall Usage Điều xảy tương lai Điều xảy tương lai If + S + V2/ Ved, S + would/ could/ should + V C PRONUNCIATION - Các từ có –ic ln có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết trước Word ending in -ic Transcription artistic /ɑːˈtɪstɪk/ elastic /ɪˈlæstɪk/ electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ – Các từ có –al khơng thay đổi trọng âm so với từ gốc Root word Transcription Word ending in -at Transcription music /'mjuːzɪk/ musical /'mjuːzɪkəl/ logic /ˈlɒdʒɪk/ logical /ˈlɒdʒɪkəl/ nation /ˈneɪʃən/ national /ˈneɪʃənəl/ chemistry /'kemɪstri/ chemical /'kemɪkəl/ practice /'præktɪs/ practical /'præktɪkəl/ D BÀI TẬP: Exercise 1: Choose the word which has different stress position A alphabetic B dynamic C systematic D electronic A relic B critic C classic D magnetic A electric B linguistic C magic D acetic A kinetic B realistic C toxic D political A economic B botanic C cosmetic D specific A directional B special C denial D arrival A rational B conical C approval D practical A chemical B additional C abnormal D intentional A logical B central C critical D analytical 10 A sensational B conventional C victuals D contaminant Exercise 2: Mark the stress position of the words in the box Number is an example for you Words Words intentional canal national journalistic clinic microscopic comic international curricular 10 historic Exercise 3: Look at the picture and put the correct types of pollution under it light pollution soil pollution radioactive pollution air pollution noise pollution visual pollution water pollution thermal pollution Trang Exercise 4: Match the word/ phrase with the correct definition No Term Opt Definition acid rain A the increase In temperature of the earth’s atmosphere, that is caused by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide stream B a substance that causes death or harm if it is swallowed or absorbed into the body light pollution C rain that contains harmful chemicals from factory gases and that damages trees, crops and buildings contamination D things that you throw away because you no longer want or need them global E the process or fact of making a substance or place dirty warming or no longer pure by adding a substance that is dangerous or carries disease noise pollution F the mass of salt water that covers most of the earth’s surface ocean G the existence of too much artificial light in the environment, for example from street lights, which makes it difficult to see the stars poison H harmful or annoying levels of noise, as from airplanes, industry, etc reduction I a small narrow river 10 rubbish J an act of making something less or smaller the state of being made less or smaller Your answer: Trang 10 Exercise 5: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II (1) If you come with me, I (do) the shopping with you Jimmy (help) his mother in the garden if she reads him a story this evening If it (ran) , I will stay at home Our teacher will be happy if we (learn) the poem by heart If they had enough money, they (buy) a new car We (pass) the exam if we studied harder If Pat (repair) his bike, he could go on a bicycle tour with us She would get 100 pounds if she (sell) this old shelf If I were you, I (invite) Jack to the party 10 If the weather (be) fine, the children can walk to school Exercise 6: Put the verbs in brackets: Conditional sentence type I or type II (2) If Tracy had a mobile phone, she (phone) all her friends I will be very angry with Nick if he (forget) my CD again If the boys win this match, their coach (invite) them to a barbecue If you (not/ read) these articles, you will not know the facts about Africa You (get) very wet if you walked in this rain The engine (not/ start) if Ben connected these two cables If he (have) time, he will buy her some sweets Maria would play in the school orchestra if she (practice) the trumpet more often We (not/ fetch) something to drink if Jim does not bring some sandwiches 10 If he (carry) the rucksack, I would pull the suitcase Exercise 7: Choose the correct answers (1) more help, I could call my neighbor A Needed B Should I need C I have needed D I should need Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the same language? A spoke B speak C had spoken D will speak if you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, this incident again A I will never mention B I never mention C will I never mention D I don’t mention Unless you all of my questions, I can’t anything to help you A answered B answer C would answer D are answering If someone into the store, smile and say, “May I help you?” A comes B came C would come D could come “Here’s my phone number” “Thanks I’ll give you a call if I some help tomorrow” A will need B need C would need D needed If I weren’t working for an accounting firm, I in a bank A work B will work C have worked D would be working The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions improved A was B is C were D had been The patient could not recover unless he an operation Trang A had undergone B would undergo C underwent D was undergoing 10 If she him, she would be very happy A would meet B will meet C is meeting D should meet Exercise 8: Choose the correct answers (2) If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English A will go B would go C should go D should have go to The bench would collapse if they on it A stood B stand C standing D stands If it convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight A be B is C was D were If you time, please write to me A have B had C have had D has I shouldn’t go there at night if I you A am B was C be D were If I get a pole, I will go fishing A can B could C may D might If you had the chance, you go fishing? A did B may C would D If you a choice, which country would you visit? A have B had C have had D will have She will accept the offer you persuade her A unless B because C provided that D otherwise 10 he would accompany you on the piano A Supposing he were here B Because he were here C Were he here D Both A and C Exercise 9: Choose the incorrect part (1) If we meet at 9:30, we would have plenty of time A B C D If you find a skeleton in the cellar, not to mention it to anyone A B C D If you passes your examination, we will have a celebration A B C D Lisa would find the milk if she look for it in the fridge A B C D What would happen if I press this button? A B C D The door will be unlock if you press the green button A B C D If you go to Paris, where you will stay? A B C D If you swim in this lake, you’ll shiver of cold A B C D If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you would you choosing? A B C D 10 The flight may to be cancelled if the fog gets thick A B C D Trang Exercise 10: Choose the incorrect part (2) If the milkman conies, tell him to be leave two pints A B C D I will call the office if I were you A B C D Someone will sits on your glasses if you leave them there A B C D You would hear my explanation if you did not talked so much A B C D Which will I if I hear the burglar alarm? A B C D I would repair the roof myself if I have a long ladder, but I don’t have A B C D Unless they turn that radio off, I will going mad A B C D If you were made redundantly, what would you do? A B C D We’ll have a long way to walking if we run out of petrol here A B C D 10 If you spoke louderly, your classmates would understand you A B C D Trang ... electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/ specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ – Các từ có –al khơng thay đổi trọng âm so với từ gốc Root word Transcription Word ending in -at Transcription music /'mjuːzɪk/... pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm ánh sáng litter v /lɪtər/ xả rác, rác noise pollution n /nɔɪz pəˈluːʃən/ ô nhiễm tiếng ồn occur v /əˈkɜːr/ xảy ocean n /ˈəʊʃən/ đại dương overhead adj /ˈəʊvəhed/ đầu pattern n /ˈpætən/... ˈspiːʃiːz/ sinh vật nhỏ untidy adj /ʌn ˈtaɪdi/ lôi thôi, lếch vehicle n /ˈviːɪkl/ phương tiện giao thông visual pollution n /ˈvɪʒuəl pəˈluːʃən/ nhiễm tầm nhìn waste n /weɪst/ chắt thải water pollution