Area wide control of insect pests

051346-CN131-Book.qxd 2005-04-19 13:34 Page FAO/IAEA International Conference on Area-Wide Control of Insect Pests: Integrating the Sterile Insect and Related Nuclear and Other Techniques - 13 May 2005 Vienna International Centre Vienna, Austria BOOK OF EXTENDED SYNOPSES FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations IAEA-CN-131 051346-CN131-Book.qxd 2005-04-19 13:34 Page The material in this book has been supplied by the authors and has not been edited The views expressed remain the responsibility of the named authors and not necessarily reflect those of the government(s) of the designating Member State(s) The IAEA cannot be held responsible for any material reproduced in this book TABLE OF CONTENTS OPENING SESSION: SETTING THE SCENE Area-wide Pest Management: Environmental and Economic Issues .3 D Pimentel Regional Management Strategy of Cotton Bollworm in China .4 K Wu SESSION 1: LESSONS LEARNED FROM OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES Boll Weevil Eradication in the United States O El-Lissy and W Grefenstette Integrated Systems for Control of Pink Bollworm in Cotton .10 T J Henneberry SESSION 2: LESSONS LEARNED FROM OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES .13 A Multi-institutional Approach to Implement Fruit Fly Low Prevalence and Free Areas in Central America: Outcomes and Constraints .15 J Reyes, X Carro, J Hernandez, W Méndez, C Campo, H Esquivel and E Salgado The Hawaii Fruit Fly Area-wide Pest Management Programme: Influence of a Good Education and Partnerships in a Successful Programme .16 R F L Mau, E B Jang and R I Vargas The Caribbean Amblyomma Eradication Programme: Success or Failure? 18 R G Pegram, C Lockhart, C Eddi and R Pacer Strategies of Desert Locust Control .20 A van Huis The Mountain Pine Beetle in Western North America: Management Challenges in an Era of Altered Disturbance Regimes and Changing Climate .21 A L Carroll Lessons Learned from Area-wide Insect Pest Management Programmes with an SIT Component: an FAO/IAEA Perspective .24 M J B Vreysen, J Gerardo-Abaya and J P Cayol SESSION 3: LESSONS LEARNED FROM OPERATIONAL PROGRAMMES .27 A Cultural Method for the Area-wide Control of Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton .29 C A Abel, G L Snodgrass and J Gore Area-wide Management of Fruit Flies in Australia 31 A Jessup, B Woods, C Smallridge and A Tomkins Area-wide IPM for Commercial Wheat Storage 33 P W Flinn, D W Hagstrum, C R Reed and T W Phillips Area-wide Management of the Formosan Subterranean Termite in New Orleans' French Quarter 34 A R Lax, F S Guillot and D R Ring The Largest Fruit Fly Mass-rearing Facility in The World: Lessons Learned in Management and R&D 36 P Rendón, C Pessarozzi and G Tween A Strategy for an SIT-based Area-wide Intervention against Tsetse in South Africa: the Concept, Requirements and Future Prospects .37 K Kappmeier-Green, F T Potgieter and M J B Vreysen Area-wide Approaches against the Tsetse Problem: The Ethiopian Experience in the Southern Rift Valley 40 T Alemu, B Kapitano S Mekonnen, G Aboset, M Kiflom, B Bancha, G Woldeyes, K Bekele and U Feldmann SESSION 4: COMMERCIALISATION AND REGULATORY ISSUES 43 Area-wide Pest Management Programmes: Challenges and Opportunities for Regulatory Plant Protection .45 C Devorshak Systems Approaches as Phytosanitary Measures: Techniques and Case Studies 46 E Podleckis Tools for the Trade: The International Business of SIT .48 M M Quinlan Privatising an SIT Programme: A Conflict between Business and Technology? 49 B N Barnes Commercialising SIT .51 A Gardiner The "Sheep" of the Private Sector among the "Wolves" of the Public Good .53 Y Bassi SESSION 5: HUMAN AND ANIMAL HEALTH 55 Integrated Vector Management and Sterile Insect/Genetic Methods of Vector Control 57 H Townson International Assistance to Intervention Policies and Implementation of Area-wide Tsetse and Animal Trypanosomiasis Programmes 58 R C Mattioli, J Jannin, U Feldmann, W Wint, G Hendrickx and J Slingenbergh The Role of GIS and Spatial Analysis within Area-wide Insect Control Programmes for Disease Control 60 J Cox Preliminary Evidences on SIT Application Against Aedes albopictus Skuse in Italy 61 R Bellini, M Calvitti, A Medici and S Maini Development, Validation and Use of a Simulation Model to Deliver National Predictions of Ovine Myiasis Risk in the UK .69 R Wall and K E Pitts Emerging Mosquito-borne Flaviviruses in Central Europe: Usutu Virus and Novel West Nile Viruses 70 N Nowotny, T Bakonyi, Z Hubalek, H Weissenböck, J Kolodziejek, H Lussy, and B Seidel Rapid Assessment of Widespread Aerial Spraying of Deltamethrin for Tsetse Fly Control on Nontarget Insects in the Okavango Delta, Botswana 73 J M Dangerfield SESSION 6: INVASIVE SPECIES 75 Area-wide Invasive Weed Management: Philosophy and Pratice 77 E Delfosse Area-wide Suppression of Invasive Fire Ant Populations .78 R K Vander Meer, S D Porter, D H Oi, S M Valles and R M Pereira New Approaches to the Management of Golden Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck): An Invasive Alien Pest Species of Rice 80 R C Joshi The Eradication Programme of the Invasive Painted Apple Moth (Teia anartoides) in New Zealand: Evaluation of Male Competitive Fitness and Inherited Sterility .81 S L Wee and D M Suckling Area-wide Control Tactics for the False Codling Moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta, in South Africa Designed to Suppress Local Populations and Prevent and Treat Invasion/Establishment in Other Countries 83 J E Carpenter, S Bloem and H Hofmeyr Don't Let Cacto Blast Us: Development of a Bi-national Plan to Stop the Spread of the Cactus Moth, Cactoblastis cactorum, in North America 84 K Bloem, S Bloem, J E Carpenter, S Hight, J Floyd, J Hernandez, H Sanchez, A Bello, G Gonzalez and H Zimmermann SESSION 7: MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETICS 87 The Hobo, Herves and Hermes Transposable Elements of Insects 89 P W Atkinson, D A O’Brochta and N L Craig Improving the Ecological Safety of Transgenic Insects for Field Release: New Vectors for Stability and Genomic Targeting 90 A M Handler, G J Zimowska and C Horn New Sexing Strains: Transforming Ceratitis capitata Females into Males 91 G Saccone, A Pane, M Salvemini, A De Simone, A Milano and C Polito Transgenic Approaches to a Non-transgenic Release of Sterile Male Lepidoptera .92 F Marec, L G Neven and I Fukova Engineering Insects for SIT 94 L Alphey, P Gong, M Epton, G Fu, T Dafa’alla, S Scaife, K Stainton, G Condon, N Morrison and N Pantic Paratransgenic Triatomines for the Control of Chagas Disease Transmission: Perspectives from the Field 95 C Cordón-Rosales Genetic Engineering of Tsetse Colonies Can Enhance SIT Applications 96 S Aksoy, Y Hu, B Weiss and R Rito SESSION 8: NEW DEVELOPMENTS 97 Wolbachia-induced Cytoplasmic Incompatibility as a Novel and Environment-friendly Tool for Insect Pest Population Control 99 K Bourtzis Colony Maintenance and Mass-rearing: Using Cold Storage Technology for Extending the Shelf-life of Insects 100 R A Leopold Application of The Sterile Insect Technique in the Management of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) of Coconut 103 R Krishnakumar, P Maheswari and T K Dongre Current Advances in the Use of Cryogenics and Aerial Navigation Technologies for Sterile Insect Delivery Systems .105 G Tween Improving Efficacy of the Sterile Insect Technique by Incorporation of Hormone and Dietary Supplements into Adult Holding Protocols 106 P E A Teal New Technology for Mating Disruption and Prospects for Integration with SIT: Exosex™ and Exolure™ .108 P E Howse POSTER PRESENTATIONS 109 TOPIC 1: Operational Programmes and Related Issues Area-wide Control of Fruit Flies Using Male Annihilation Technique in the NWF Province of Pakistan 111 S U K Khattak, A U Khan, A Sattar, A Zeb, A Farid and Z Salihah Management of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.), in the Gharb Area in Morocco 113 J Wadjinny and M Bounfour Area-wide Fruit Fly Control in Mauritius 115 S Permalloo, S I Seewooruthun, P Sookar, M Alleck and B Gungah Tunisian Pilot Medfly Rearing Facility: A First Year Production, Constraints and Prospects 116 M Msaad Guerfali, F Louỗaief, H Ben Salah and C Cáceres Area-wide Integrated Control of Oriental Fruit Fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) and Guava Fruit Fly (Bactrocera correcta) in Thailand Using the Sterile Insect Technique .118 W Orankanok, S Chinvinijkul, W R Enkerlin, S Thanaphum and M Sutantawong The Fruit Fly Programme in Chile .119 J González and P Troncoso Area-wide Integrated Pest Control Operation in Thailand: Two Interacting Closely Related Species, Bactrocera dorsalis sensu stricto and Bactrocera correcta, with Potential of Species Complexity 121 S Thanaphum, M Sutantawong, P Pransopon and W Orankanok Outcomes-based Planning and Implementation Led to the Success of the Hawaii Fruit Fly Suppression Programme: Implications to Adoption of Area-wide Programmes 122 R F L Mau, J S Sugano, R I Vargas and E B Jang Developing Critical Partnerships in Area-wide Pest Management Programmes: The Hawaii Experience 123 E B Jang, R I Vargas, R F L Mau, S Stein and L Wong Indian Fruit Fly Control and the S Asia Fruit Fly Network 125 A Verghese, J Mumford and J Stonehouse Village-level Suppressive Fruit Fly Management in India: Issues Determining the Optimum Scale of Cooperative Control .126 J M Stonehouse, J D Mumford, R K Patel, B K Joshi, V M Patel, R C Jhala,D B Sisodiya, Z P Patel, V S Jagadale, J Thomas, C V Vidya, T Jiji, B Nair, H S Singh, A K Mohantha, S Rai, S Satpathy, R P Shukla, A Manzar, and A Verghese Development and Field Release of Genetic Sexing Strains of the Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, and Oriental Fruit Fly, B dorsalis, in Hawaii 128 D McInnis, R F L Mau, S Tam, R Lim, J Komatsu, L Leblanc, D Muromoto, R Kurashima and C Albrecht Management of Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Infesting Cucurbit Growing Areas of Bangladesh Using the Sterile Insect Technique 129 S Islam, R Huque, M A Wadud and S A Khan Augmentative Biological Control in the Mexican National Fruit Fly Campaign 131 P Montoya, J Cancino, J M Gutiérrez and G Santiago Automated Method for Egg Collection and New Pupae Separation Device for Medfly Mass Production 133 I Morávek, P Bihary, F Sliva, M Štrba, L Vidlička and M Kozánek New Larval Diet for Laboratory Rearing of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) 135 M Pašková, Z Krumpálová and M Kozánek Implementation of Integrated Pest Management of Ceratitis malgassa Citrus Groves in Madagascar 137 J Y Raoelijaona Insecticidal Effects of Essential Oils Extracted from Aromatic Plants on Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) in Lebanon .138 M Abi Chahine, N Khoury and E Webeh Implementation of a Medfly, Fruit Fly Parasitoids and Codling Moth Rearing Facility in Northeastern Brazil .139 A Malavasi, A S Nascimento and J M M Walder Control of Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella) Using the Area-wide Approach in Chile 140 M Gerding and L Devotto A Pilot Sterile Insect Release Programme to Suppress Codling Moth in South African Apple and Pear Orchards 141 M F Addison and D Henrico Area-wide Codling Moth SIT Programme (1994-2004) in British Columbia, Canada .143 S Wood, L Tomlin, R Fugger, S Bloem and J E Carpenter Integration of Behavioral and Biological Control for the Management of Cotton Insect Pests: Significance and Cost Benefits 145 N Ahmad, M S Wagan, B Fatima and G Z Khan IPM at the Cross-roads with a Realistic Approach: A Success Story of IPM on Rainfed Cotton in Tribal Areas of Maharashtra, India on a Whole Village Approach System .147 U N Mote, S N Puri and A R Walunj Inhibition of Reponses to the Pheromone of the European Corn Borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, as a Prospective Strategy in Insect Control 149 A Guerrero , L Muñoz, M P Bosch, M Riba, A Sans J Sole and G Rosell Population Models for Optimising SIT Eradication Strategies 150 J M Kean, S L Wee, A E A Stephens and D M Suckling Control of Cabbage Diamondback Moth by Integrating the Sterile Insect Technique and Parasitoids in Myanmar 152 N Maung and H Morris Management of the Rice Stem Borers in the Yangtze Delta, China: An Area-wide Approach 153 Z R Zhu, J Cheng, Yu-Ren Gou and K Temg Large-scale Demonstration of IPM on Rainfed Chickpea 154 U N Mote and A R Walunj Management of Sugarcane Insect Pests through Environment-friendly Techniques 156 B Rajendran Area-wide Control of Mango Shoot Gall Formation in Uttranchal and Other States of India 158 G Singh Area-wide Implementation of Integrated Pest Management in Some Scented Rice-growing Tracts of India 160 D K Garg, M D Jeswani and S P Singh Use of Attractant Traps in Area-wide Control of Vegetable Insect Pests in the Jiangxi Province of China 163 L Zhong, C Shu and H Wang Developing IPM Components for Leafminer Fly in the Cañete Valley of Perú 164 N Mújica and J Kroschel Research Efforts at the USDA-ARS Centre for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology to Control Insects 166 K J Linthicum Experiences in Management of Area-wide Control of Glossina palpalis palpalis (Diptera: Glossinidae) in Ghana Using Bait Technology and Releases of Sterile Males 167 D A Adabie-Gomez, C E Annoh and E A Ewusie Activities of the Iraqian Project for Controlling Old World Screwworm, Chrysomya bezziana, and the Prospects for the Future 169 A A R Al-Taweel TOPIC 2: Research and Development Related to the Area-wide Application of the SIT Feasibility Study of Using the Sterile Insect Technique in Sun-dried Fish Industry: Test Release at Sonadia .171 R M Shahjahan, A S M Saifullah, R N Khan and M Z R Majumder Induction of Male Sterility Through Gamma Radiation in the Uzifly, Exorista sorbillans (Diptera: Tachinidae), a Serious Parasitoid of Silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) 173 H P Puttaraju and P N Narasegowda Parameters to Consider for the Selection of a Location for an Insect Mass-rearing Facility .174 G Taret, M Ruggeri and O De Longo Induced Sterility by Gamma Radiation in Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and Sterile Insect Release Ratio to a Normal Population 175 H R Zolfagharieh, S Mashayekhi, M Babaii and H A Mostafavi An Evaluation of Potential Mobility Differences Between Codling Moths, Cydia pomonella, Mass-reared Using Standard and Diapause Production Protocols .176 S Bloem, S Dorn and J E Carpenter Codling Moth Tans-hemisferic Compatibility Studies and Effect of Long-distance Airfreighting on Adult Longevity and Mating 177 T L Blomefield, S Bloem, J E Carpenter, C Harrison, S Woods, M Knipe and N du Plessis Development of Genetic Methods of Codling Moth Control in Various Climatic Regions 179 A Azizyan and A Ter-Hovhannesyan Field Performance of Irradiated Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella, Males 181 M Mansour and F Mohamad Field Assessment of Years of Releases of Substerile Males of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) .183 J Mediouni and M H Dhouibi Developing a Sterile Insect Release Programme for False Codling Moth: Effect of Different Overflooding Ratios on the Incidence of Damage Under Controlled Situations 185 J H Hofmeyr, J E Carpenter and S Bloem Radiation Biology and Inherited Sterility in False Codling Moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 187 J H Hofmeyr, S Bloem and J E Carpenter Inherited Sterility for Area-wide Control of Corn Stem Borer, Sesamia cretica (Led.) 188 H F Alrubeai Effect of X-ray Irradiation on the Male Moths of Two Voltine Groups of the Silkworm, Bombyx mori, and Inheritance of Induced Sterility 190 G Subramanya The Influence of Sterilisation on Sound Production in the Tsetse Fly, Glossina pallidipes 191 J Bolldorf Sound Analysis: A Potential Strategy of Quality Control for Sterilised Insect Pests 193 H Kratochvil Measuring Insect Characteristics by Near-infrared Spectroscopy and Applications to the SIT 195 F Dowell, J Throne, J Baker, A Parker, R Wirtz, H Bossin, A Robinson, A Broce, J Perez-Mendoza and M Benedict Laboratory Studies on the Effects of Population Density and Adult Age on Some Biological Aspects of Untreated and Gamma Irradiated Adult Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) 197 E M S El-Kholy and E A H El-Akhdar Post-emergence Handling Procedure for SIT Programmes which Release Sterile Flies without Chill Treatment 199 G Bonpland, S Oueyt and O de Longo Mass-rearing and Quality Control of Olive Fruit Fly: Replacement of Cellulose in Larval Diet and Mating Time Asynchrony between Wild and Laboratory Flies 200 Ch Reboulakis, M Konsolaki and A Economopoulos Unfaithful Medfly Females: Impact on SIT? .201 M Bonizzoni, L M Gomulski, S Bertin, F Scolari, C Matessi and G Gasperi Influence of Hormones and Protein on the Males’ Competitiveness of the Caribbean Fruit Fly 202 R Pereira, J Sivinski and P E A Teal Experiments to Measure Sterile Male Medfly Dispersal and Longevity 204 L Dantas, N Goldsmith, J Mumford, Y Gazit, P Castañera, J Andrade, C Quintal, A Urbaneja, R Argiles, V San Andrés, R Akiva and R Sade Medfly Terminal Velocity and Implications for Dispersal During Air or Ground Release .206 D K Eyles, A Gardiner and N Goldsmith Inertifying Medfly 207 Y Gazit, R Akiva, M Aviv and S Gavriel TOPIC 3: Trapping Improved Attractants for Fruit Fly Management Programmes 209 R Braga-Sobrinho, A L M M Mesquita , J A Guimarães and W Enkerlin Tephritids in Fruit Plantations in Costa Rica .211 H Camacho V Responses of Anastrepha striata to Various Attractants in Costa Rica .212 H Camacho V Two-year Data on the Field Evaluation of Attractants for Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera oleae in Three Localities in Southern Italy 213 M Cristofaro, M E Porto, A De Cristofaro, R Tabilio and A Fenio Capture of Anastrepha spp Fruit Flies in North America and the Caribbean Basin 215 N Epsky, P Kendra, D Thomas, C Serra, D Hall and R Heath Comparison of Different Attractants for Monitoring and Control of the Olive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera oleae, in Greece 216 B I Katsoyannos, N T Papadopoulos, W Enkerlin and R R Heath Towards the Development of a Lure and Kill System against Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera oleae Combining Food Lures and Coloured Spheres 217 B I Katsoyannos, N.T Papadopoulos, N A Kouloussis, W Enkerlin and R R Heath A Modified “Easy Trap” Could be a Good “Bait Station” Against Fruit Flies 218 J P Ros, J Olivero, E Wong, A L Márquez, J R Rubio and E Castillo Evaluation of Traps Models and Killing Agents in Mediterranean Fruit Fly Captures .219 L Dantas, J Andrade and T Vestergaard-Frandsen Semi-field Cage Studies on the Evaluation of Basil Oil as an Attractant for Male Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) 221 A A Shoman, C Cáceres and V Wornoayporn Estimation of the Olive Fruit Fly Bactrocera oleae Gmel (Diptera, Tephritidae) Atractants for Area-wide Monitoring and Suppression Programmes 223 M Bjeliš, V Pelicarić and R Masten Forecasting of Two Main Mango Fruit Fly Pests in Mexico using Time Series Models 225 V M Pinto and A Delgado-Matus Lufenuron in Solid Baits as Chemosterilant Traps Against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) 227 V Navarro-Llopis, J Sanchis, J Primo and P Moya Applying GIS Software to Monitor Adult Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Behaviour in Terceira Island, Azores 228 R Pimentel, L V L Nunes, R M Costa, L Silva, S Ázera, D Silva, A M M Mexia, J D Mumford and D J H Lopes The INTERFRUTA Project and the Study of Medfly (Ceratitis capitata Wied.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) Distribution in the Fruit Orchards of Terceira Island, Azores .229 D J H Lopes, R Pimentel, R Costa, C R Perez, L Dantas, L Ornelas, D Silva, F C Carvalho, J Mumford and A Mexia Monitoring of Lepidopteran Species by Means of Pheromone Traps in Tobacco Stores in Bursa, Turkey 231 K S Coşkuncu and B Kovanci Effectiveness of Synthetic Pheromone Traps for Monitoring of Important Polyphagous Field Crop Pests on Large Areas 232 R V Nakat Attraction of Lepidopteran Moths by Sex Pheromones in the Fruit Orchards in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam 234 V H Tran, V Van Le, I Shin-Ichi and A Tetsu Potential of Pheromonal Traps in Monitoring / Mass Trapping of the Teak Defoliator, Hyblaea puera 236 R V Varma Monitoring of Some Major Pests of Palms in Nigeria: A Strategy Towards Area-wide Insect Control 237 C I Aisagbonhi Kairomones for Trapping Shot Hole Borer Infesting Tea 238 R Selvasundaram, N Muraleedharan and P J Sachin Probit (99.9968% mortality) has been the standard for quarantine treatment efficacy for highly infested commodities Use of an irradiation treatment with less-than-probit efficacy may be practical if the commodity is sensitive to radiation treatment and a system of other measures are in place to cumulatively provide quarantine security A systems approach against oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis) is being developed to allow export of Sharwil avocadoes from Hawaii to the US mainland Components of the systems approach may include poor host status, protein bait sprays and/or traps, fruit cutting and inspection, postharvest irradiation treatment, limited distribution, and limited geographic area Use of irradiation alone to provide quarantine security for oriental fruit fly requires dose levels (150250 Gy) that adversely affect the quality of fruit A less than probit irradiation dose (80-90 Gy) will kill >99% of flies and could be integrated with other components for sequential mortality providing quarantine security if avocado quality is preserved - 356 - IAEA-CN-131/14P TOPIC: Irradiation Dosimetry Characterisation of the Tunisian Cobalt60 Gamma Irradiation Pilot Plant for the Irradiation of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly K Farah, N Bettaieb, O Kadri, T Jerbi, F Gharbi and K Manai National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Laboratoire de Radiotraitement, Pôle Technologique de Sidi-Thabet, 2020, Sidi-Thabet, Tunisia E-mail address: K.Farah@cnstn.rnrt.tn A Co60 gamma irradiation pilot plant has been put into operation in 1999 at the National Centre of Nuclear Sciences and Technology, Sidi-Thabet, Tunisia An initial characterisation of this pilot plant was performed to determine the overall performance of the irradiator in delivering absorbed dose to a product prior to routine processing, in particular sterilisation of medical devices and food irradiation [1] A new irradiation holder was recently installed; it was designed especially for the irradiation of pupae of the Mediterranean fruit fly It consists of four turn plates, which makes it possible to rotate the canisters holding the pupae within the radiation field The axis of rotation is vertical and parallel to the source pencils (Figure 1) Prior to routine irradiation using the new irradiation holder, validation procedures are necessary to establish conditions of the irradiation within the specifications [2] In the course of these procedures, detailed dose mapping on a vertical plane in the middle of the canister of insect pupae with bulk density of 0.446 g / cm3 was carried out for two irradiation configurations: fixed plates and turn plates Gafchromic dosimeters calibrated against an Alanine /ESR dosimetry system were used for the dose measurements The maximum and minimum dose locations were determined and the dose uniformity ratio calculated and discussed Detailed analyses of the isodose curves and histogram of the frequency distribution of absorbed dose were also given Transit dose and dose rate in the reference position inside the canister were measured using Fricke dosimeters The results of measurements of absorbed dose and dose distribution in insect pupae not show any significant difference in the dose uniformity ratio (U=Dmax / Dmin) between the two irradiation configurations At the same time we observed with the turn plates configuration an improvement in the homogeneity of the absorbed dose distribution increasing by about 17 % in pupae irradiated at the minimum dose - 357 - Figure The irradiation device References: K FARAH, I BARKALLAH, T JERBI, H BENKRAIEM AND F KUNTZ 2003 Radiation dosimetry for commissioning of gamma irradiation plant Proceeding of the Sixth Arab Conference of the peaceful uses of Nuclear Energy Vol IV: 125-143 ISO/ASTM 2004 Guide for dosimetry for sterile insect release programmes ISO/ASTM DIS 51276-2004, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA - 358 - IAEA-CN-131/21P TOPIC: Irradiation Dose Distribution and Dose Uniformity in Insect Pupae Treated by the Tunisian Gamma Irradiator Using GEANT4 Toolkit K Manai, K Farah, A Trabelsi, F Gharbi and O Kadri National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Laboratoire de Radiotraitement, Pôle Technologique de Sidi-Thabet, 2020, Sidi-Thabet, Tunisia E-mail address: mannai.kais@laposte.net Detailed dose mapping of the irradiation cell needs to be carried out to establish plant operational parameters, such as dose uniformity, source utilisation efficiency, maximum and minimum dose positions in insect pupae and absorbed dose for inducing sterility This mapping is obtained by dosimetric experiments as well as by computer calculations However, experimental dosimetry procedures involve considerable time, calibration dosimeters have to be used, and result in high cost and long down time for the source On the other hand computer calculations are applicable both for existing facilities and for design work and simulation purposes Monte Carlo methods are increasingly used to achieve reliable radiation transport calculations for various investigations The main aim of this work is to validate the use of the Monte Carlo code GEANT4 of CERN to predict the dose distribution measurements carried out in the irradiation cell The strategy adopted in this work is to perform the dose mapping of the irradiation cell based on simulation and dose rate measurements in some specific locations and directions in the irradiation cell space The dose rate was calculated and measured inside the irradiation cell with the product, transversally and laterally The calculated dose rate values are in agreement with measurements This agreement permits to use simulated dose mapping of the irradiation cell to establish plant operational parameters with little monitoring of dosimeters, labour and products However, some experimental measurements must be performed to validate the procedure The simulation can also be used to optimise the source reloading process, in order to obtain the map of the absorbed dose within the irradiation cell and to determine if the absorbed dose will be within an acceptable range throughout the irradiated volume of insects - 359 - IAEA-CN-131/41P TOPIC: Irradiation Effects of Gamma Irradiation on Mortality and Sterility of the Guava Fruit Fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi), Treated at Different Ages P Pransopon and M Sutantawong Office of Atoms for Peace (OAP) Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand E-mail address: ppransopon@yahoo.com Mature eggs larvae and pupae of B correcta (Bezzi) were irradiated at the doses of 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Gy for eggs; 0, 30, 50, 70 and 90Gy for larvae; 0, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 Gy for pupae Mortality was scored days after irradiation for eggs, days for larvae and 14 days for pupae LD50 and LD99 were 157 and 293 Gy for eggs, 19 and 42 Gy for larvae, 567 and 994 Gy for puape Brown-eyed and blue-eyed pupae of B correcta (Bezzi) were irradiated at the doses of 50, 60, 70 and 80 Gy Treated males were crossed with virgin females, and treated females were crossed with virgin males Sterility and survival were observed 17 days after adult eclosion Complete sterility was found at the dose of 60 Gy and the difference in irradiation doses did not significantly cause a difference in survival - 360 - IAEA-CN-131/76P TOPIC: Irradiation Effect of Mospilan (Acetamiprid) and Gamma Radiation on Some Biological and Biochemical Aspects of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) M F Awatefa and T R Aminb a Atomic Energy Authority, Biological Application Department, Cairo, Egypt b Plant Protection Research Institute Dokki, Egypt E-mail address: Awatef M.F Sheiky 83 @ hotmail.com Mospilan was applied at different concentrations in an attempt to assess its effect on C capitata in combination with gamma radiation Studies were carried on some biological and biochemical aspects Larval diet, drinking water, experimental cages and pupation medium (sand) were treated with mospilan at different concentrations Experimental cages were treated with mospilan in two ways, as a spray and/or as a powder Pupae treated as larvae in the larval diet were irradiated with gamma radiation at – days of age with two doses (50 and 90 Gy) Biochemical studies were done in order to evaluate GOT, GPT and AchE (glutamic oxalo acetic transaminaze, glutamic pyrofic transaminaze and acetyl choline esterase) Biological studies revealed that a drastic decrease occured with increasing concentration of mospilan to be zero at the highest concentration (32 ppm) Adult mortality reached 100% in the two genders with the concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm in treating drinking water and in spraying the experimental cages, respectively Mortality of adults in treating experimental cages with mospilan, as a powder, was also 100% for all doses applied (from 0.1 to 0.5 mg) with each of the two genders Treating of pupation medium revealed that the increase in the concentration drastically decreased adult emergence, especially at the highest concentrations (600, 700, 800, 900 and 1000 ppm) The biochemical data revealed that pupae were generally less affected than adult males and females Irradiation, especially with 50 Gy, inhibited GOT and GPT more than AchE Mospilan treatment enhanced GOT and GPT activity but caused a decrease in that of AchE The combination of mospilan and irradiation caused a further decreasing effect on AchE, but on the contrary GPT was more activated - 361 - IAEA-CN-131/39P TOPIC: Irradiation The Use of a Tote-box Type Irradiator for Sterile Insect Technique Applications I V Moise, C D Negut and R Georgescu "Horia Hulubei" National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Rumania E-mail address: vmoise@ifin.nipne.ro “Horia Hulubei” National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering operates since 2001 a Co60 industrial irradiator supplied by the Institute of Isotopes, Budapest under an IAEA TC Project IRASM is a Multipurpose Irradiation Facility with the main purpose of promoting radiation processing in Romania IRASM comprises a SVST Co60/B type irradiator (Figure 1), storage and several laboratories (dosimetry, microbiology, chemistry) The three independent source racks support the “multipurpose” attribute The purpose of this work is to establish the suitability of the tote-box irradiator for accommodating SIT irradiation The Romanian Government is financing, through the National R&D Programme, two SIT related projects, promoted by National Institute for Plant Protection [6,7] SVST Co60 has a maximum load capacity of million Ci (74 PBq) Total activity at the end of 2004 is around 160 kCi distributed in central rack (151 kCi) and one side rack (9 kCi) Dose mapping and routine dosimetry for medium and high doses (1-50 kGy) is currently performed with ECB (ethanol chlor-benzene) dosimetry 2, traceable to HDRL Risoe – Denmark and audited in IDAS-IAEA system Dose uncertainty is evaluated and written in an Irradiation Certificate Dose mapping for low doses food irradiation was performed with Fricke dosimetry To improve the dosimetry, both for the current irradiation and for new applications, like SIT, IRASM purchased an ESR spectrometer (MiniScope MS200 Magnettech GmbH) and started to use the alanine dosimetry At this moment the main applications at IRASM facility are radiation sterilisation for medical devices (15-25 kGy) and treatment of pharmaceuticals, raw materials and finished products (2-10 kGy) Lower doses are limited by the speed of the conveyor (1h 18m for a complete irradiation cycle) Samples are irradiated in stationary arrangements that could deliver 50-500 Gy/h with acceptable transit dose (< 1%) and good uniformity (