1 Định nghĩa: Mạo từ là từ dùng trước danh từ và cho biết danh từ ấy đề cập đến một đối tượng xác định hay không xác định2. Mạo từ xác định (Denfinite article): the Maọ từ bất định (Ind[r]
(1)Mạo từ ( Articles) cách sử dụng + Bai tap
1 Định nghĩa: Mạo từ từ dùng trước danh từ cho biết danh từ đề cập đến đối tượng xác định hay không xác định
Mạo từ xác định (Denfinite article): the Maọ từ bất định (Indefinite article): a, an
2 Mạo từ bất định (Indefinite articles) - a, an - Dùng trước danh từ đếm (số ít) - danh từ chưa xác định (bất định) "an" dung cho danh từ bắt đầu nguyên âm (nhưng phụ thuộc vào cách phát âm)
Ví dụ: a book, a table an apple, an orange
- Đặc biệt số từ "h" đọc nguyên âm Ví dụ: an hour, an honest man Mạo từ xác định (Definite article)
3.1 Cách đọc : "the" đọc [di] đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu nguyên âm (a, e, i, o, u) đọc (dơ) đứng trước danh từ bắt đầu phụ âm (trừ nguyên âm):
The egg the chair The umbrellae the book
The đọc [dơ] đứng trước danh từ có cách viết bắt đầu nguyên âm có cách đọc phụ âm + nguyên âm: /ju:/ /w^n/ như:
The United Stated /The Europeans /The one-eyed man is the King of the blind /The university The đọc [di] đứng trước danh từ có h khơng đọc:
The [di] hour (giờ) The [di] honestman 3.2 Một số nguyên tắc chung:
a/ The dùng trước danh từ người , vật xác định :
Mạo từ xác định "the" dùng trước danh từ để diễn tả ( nhiều) người , vật, vật xác định rồi, nghĩa người nói người nghe biết đối tượng đề cập tới Khi nói ' Mother is in the garden' (Mẹ vườn), người nói lẫn người nghe biết khu vườn đề cập tới vườn nào, đâu Chúng ta xem ví dụ khác:
The Vietnamese often drink tea ( Người Việt Nam thường uống trà nói chung) 3.3 Những trường hợp đặc biệt:
a/ Các từ ngữ thông dụng sau không dùng the :
Go to church: lễ Nhà thờ / go to the church: đến nhà thờ (ví dụ: để gặp Linh mục) Go to market: chợ / go to the market: đến chợ (ví dụ: để khảo sát giá thị trường) Go to school : học/ go to the school : đến trường (ví dụ: để gặp Ngài hiệu trưởng) Go to bed : ngủ //go the bed : bước đến giường (ví dụ: để lấy sách)
Go to prison : tù // go to the prison : đến nhà tù (ví dụ: để thăm tội phạm) Trong khi, từ với "the" :
cathedral (Nhà thờ lớn) /office (văn phịng)/ cinema (rạp chiếu bóng) / theatre ( rạp hát)
Chú ý: Tên lục địa, quốc gia, tiểu bang, tỉnh , thành phố, đường phố, mũi đất, đảo, bán đảo , quần đảo , vịnh , hồ, núi không dùng mạo từ "the":
b/ Các trường hợp dùgn mạo từ the 1
(2)A dog and a cat were traveling together, the cat looked black while the dog 2/ A unique thing exists (Một người, vật tồn tại)/Ví dụ:
The earth goes around the sun.; The sun rises in the East
3/ Khi vật dùng tượng trưng cho lồi / Ví dụ: The horse is a noble animal/ The dog is a faithful animal
4/ So sánh cực cấp:/Ví dụ:
She is the most beautiful girl in this class // Paris is the biggest city in France
5/ Trước tính từ dung làm danh từ để lớp người thường có nghĩa số nhiều /Ví dụ: The one-eyed man is the King of the blind.// The poor depend upon the rich
6/ Dùng thành ngữ: BY THE (theo từng) :Ví dụ:
Beer is sold by the bottle.// Eggs are sold by the dozen
7/ Trước danh từ riêng (proper noun) số nhiều để vợ chồng hay họ ( gia đình)/Ví dụ: The Smiths always go fishing in the country on Sundays / Do you know the Browns?
8/ Trước tên: rặng nú, song, quần đảo, vịnh, biển, đại dương , tên sách báo chí, tên tàu./Ví dụ: The Thai Binh river; the Philippines, the Times
9/ Trước danh từ dân tộc tôn phái để tồn thể /Ví dụ:
The Chinese, the Americans and the French were at war with the Germans/
The Catholics and the protestants believe in Christ/ The Swiss; Dutch; the Abrabs 10/ Both, all, both, half, double + The + Noun
Notes:
All men must die (everyone)// All the men in this town are very lazy 11/ Use "the" for Musical Instruments
The guitar (I could play the guitar when I was 6.),// The piano, The violin 12/ Khi sau danh từ có of
The history of England is interesting //trong mơn học khơng có "the"// I learn English; He learns history at school
Bài tập mạo từ
Fill in the blank with the appropriate article, a, an, or the, or Ø if no article is needed. 1. I want apple from that basket apple a day keeps the doctor away 2. church on the corner is progressive
3. Miss Linh speaks Chinese She likes to play volleyball 4. I borrowed pencil from your pile of pencils and pens
5. One of ……… students said, " professor is late today." 6. I bought umbrella to go out in the rain
7. My daughter is learning to play violin at her school 8. Please give me cake that is on ……… counter 9. I lived on Main Street when I first came to town 10. Albany is the capital of New York State 11. My husband's family speaks Polish 12. boy in the corner is my friend
(3)14. What nice armchair!
15. Where is nearest police station?
16. What is cost of goods you buy? 17. There is bakery next to post office 18. Can you tell me way to hotel please?
19. Is he new student here? Yes, he is best student in my class 20. What is name of the station?
21. I like kilo of meat 22. Mexico is large country 23. My friends have my car today
24. I will go to party to night May I have your phone number? 25. Milk is good for you Money can’t buy happiness
26. Lions and tigers are endangered animals
27. This is easy question I don’t need English dictionary 28. Tom takes umbrellas with him
29. I will learn at Hong Bang College or at University of Medicines in HCM 30. He plays guitar very well, but he plays volley ball badly
31. I have dinner after going to church
32. Tan often looks at stars in sky at nights 33. first World War started in 1914
34. Kangaroos live in Australia
35. My friend lives in United States, But I live in France
36. three first Vietnamese have reached Mount Everest this year 37. Do you know where is rocky mountains?
38. Athletes must follow well- balanced diet
39. After having breakfast, he went to work, had accident and then was sent to hospital
40. One of the large bodies of water Atlantic Ocean 41. My favorite subject is Math
42. Every summer the children go to skiing, So my wife and I go to Paris on holiday We stay in hotel near River Seine We have breakfast in
hotel, but we have lunch in restaurant French food is delicious! We talk lot, but sometimes we go by taxi After four days, we don’t want to go home and go back to work
3 Articles: a/an, the Insert a, an or the if necessary.
1 There was knock on door I opened it and found small dark man in blue overcoat and woollen cap
2 He said he was employee of gas company and had come to read meter
3 But I had suspicion that he wasn't speaking truth because meter readers usually wear peaked caps
4 However, I took him to meter, which is in dark corner under stairs ( meters are usually in dark corners under stairs)
5 I asked if he had torch; he said he disliked torches and always read meters by light of match
6 I remarked that if there was leak in gaspipe there might be explosion while he was reading meter
7 He said, 'As matter of fact, there was explosion in last house I visited;and Mr Smith, owner of house, was burnt in face.'
(4)9 To prevent possible repetition of this accident, I lent him torch
10 He switched on torch, read meter and wrote reading down on back of envelope 11 I said in surprise that meter readers usually put readings down in book
12 He said that he had had book but that it had been burnt in fire in Mr Smith's house
13 By this time I had come to conclusion that he wasn't genuine meter reader; and moment he left house I rang police
14 Are John and Mary cousins? ~No, they aren't cousins; they are brother and sister 15 fog was so thick that we couldn't see side of road We followed car in
front of us and hoped that we were going right way
16 I can't remember exact date of storm, but I know it was Sunday because
everybody was at church On Monday post didn't come because roads were blocked by fallen trees
17 Peter thinks that this is quite cheap restaurant
18 There's been murder here ~Where's body?~There isn't body ~Then how you know there's been murder?
19 Number hundred and two, - house next door to us, is for sale
It's quite - nice house with big rooms back windows look out on park 20 I don't know what price owners are asking But Dry and Rot are agents You could give them ring and make them offer
21 postman's little boy says that he'd rather be dentist than doctor, because dentists don't get called out at night
22 Just as air hostess (there was only one on the plane) was handing me cup of coffee plane gave lurch and coffee went all over person on other side of gangway
23 There was collision between car and cyclist at crossroads near my house early in morning cyclist was taken to hospital with concussion driver of car was treated for shock witnesses say that car was going at seventy miles hour
24 Professor Jones, man who discovered new drug that everyone is talking about, refused to give press conference
25 Peter Piper, student in professor's college, asked him why he refused to talk to press
26 We're going to tea with Smiths today, aren't we? Shall we take car? ~We can go by car if you wash car first We can't go to Mrs Smith's in car all covered with mud
27 He got job in south and spent next two years doing work he really enjoyed 28 It is pleasure to business with such efficient organization
29 day after day passed without news, and we began to lose hope
30 Would you like to hear story about Englishman, Irishman and Scotsman? ~
No I've heard stories about Englishmen, Irishmen and Scotsmen before and they are all same
31 But mine is not typical story In my story Scotsman is generous, Irishman is logical and Englishman is romantic ~Oh, if it's fantastic story I'll listen with pleasure
32 My aunt lived on ground floor of old house on River Thames She was very much afraid of burglars and always locked up house very carefully before she went to bed She also took precaution of looking under bed to see if burglar was hiding there
33 ' modern burglars don't hide under beds,' said her daughter.I'll go on looking just same,' said my aunt
34 One morning she rang her daughter in triumph found burglar under bed last night,' she said, 'and he was quite young man.'
35 apples are sold by pound These are forty pence pound
o you