Bubbleless aeration for ammonia oxidation in wastewater treatment using membrane biofilm reactor mbfr

Bubbleless aeration for ammonia oxidation in wastewater treatment using membrane biofilm reactor mbfr Bubbleless aeration for ammonia oxidation in wastewater treatment using membrane biofilm reactor mbfr Bubbleless aeration for ammonia oxidation in wastewater treatment using membrane biofilm reactor mbfr Bubbleless aeration for ammonia oxidation in wastewater treatment using membrane biofilm reactor mbfr Bubbleless aeration for ammonia oxidation in wastewater treatment using membrane biofilm reactor mbfr

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY PHAM VIET HUNG BUBBLELESS AERATION FOR AMMONIA OXIDATION IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING MEMBRANE BIOFILM REACTOR (MBfR) BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-Time Major : Environmental Science and Management Faculty : International Programs Office Batch : 2013 - 2017 THAI NGUYEN - 2017 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University Of Agriculture And Forestry Degree Program: Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name: Pham Viet Hung Student ID: DTN 1354120159 BUBBLELESS AERATION FOR AMMONIA OXIDATION IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING MEMBRANE Thesis Title: BIOFILM REACTOR ( MBfR) Professor Supervisor (s): Chun-Hsiung Hung, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen The Hung - Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam Abstract: A hollow fiber membrane reactor was utilized to create a halfway nitrification reactor as a pre-treatment framework for ANAMMOX supplement removal Using a silicone membrane to limit oxygen exchange, a biofilm treatment system was made, with biomass attaching on the membrane surface The framework operated at room temperature with a very low dissolved oxygen concentration Nitrite production was evident, with little nitrate created in the system The framework treated high ammonium concentration and low ammonium concentration Ammonium oxidizing organisms dominated the microbial group, while nitrite oxidizing bacteria were suppressed and growth was limited This verified that a low dissolved-oxygen condition selects for AOB, and the silicone membrane is an effective method of controlling oxygen transfer Key-words: Hollow fiber, ANAMOX, dissolved oxygen concentration Number of pages: 51 Date of submission: 25/9/2017 Supervisor‟s signature silicone membrane, AOB, ACKNOWDLEDGEMENTS I would like firstly to emphasize the sincere appreciation to lecturers in the Advanced Education Progarm (AEP) as well as lecturers in Thai Nguyen University of Agricultural and Forestry, who have lectured me profound knowledge not only for my subjects but also for my soft skills and gave me a chance to my thesis abroad In addition, I would like to thank all supports and help from Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, National Chung Hsing University for the time I conducted my research in Taiwan It is my pleasure to work with a profound supervisor - Professor Chun-Hsiung Hung, who always helped me whenever I am in need He also provided me the best conditions, supported all materials for my research and discussed about any problems I got whenever I did experiments in his Biotechnology Lab I would like to give special thank to Associated Professor Nguyen The Hung, who always supported and cheered me up whole the time I worked oversea He also helps me a lot in spending much time for checking my thesis report I consider it is an honor to work with Mr Lin and Ms Wendy, exceptional master students, who particularly helpful in guiding me toward a qualitative methodology and inspiring me in whole period of internship time They are always helpful, friendly and very kind with me Without their guidance, I cannot accomplish this thesis Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to my family and friends, who always beside me all the time Their helps, supports and encouragements created the pump leading me to success Sincerely, Pham Viet Hung TABLE OF CONTENTS DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT ACKNOWDLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1.Research Rationale 1.2.Research‟s Objectives 10 1.3.Definitions 10 PART 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 13 2.1 Nutrients in wastewater: 13 2.2 Nitrogen Removal Procedures: 14 2.3 Source-separated urine 14 2.4 Models for bubble-less oxygen transfer 15 2.5 MBfR as biofilm treatment system 15 PART 3: METHODS AND MATERIALS 17 3.1 Materials: 17 3.2 Selection of Method: 19 3.3 Preparation of the medium: 21 3.4 Analyzing the water samples: 23 PART 4: CONCLUSION 46 REFERENCES 47 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: The Ion Chromatography Equipment 24 Figure 2: Chromatogram and Results of AOB in (03/27/2017) 25 Figure 3: Chromatogram and Results of water samples in Control tube (04/05/2017) 26 Figure 4: Chromatogram and Results of Water sample in Test tube (04/05/2017) 28 Figure 5: Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Control tube (04/10/2017) 29 Figure 6: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (04/10/2017) 30 Figure 7: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Control tube (04/17/2017) 31 Figure 8: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (04/17/2017) 32 Figure 9: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (04/24/2017) 33 Figure 10: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Control tube (01/05/2017) 35 Figure 11: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (05/01/2017) 36 Figure 12: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Control tube (05/08/2017) 37 Figure 13: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (05/08/2017) 39 Figure 14: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Control tube (05/15/2017) 40 Figure 15: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (05/15/2017) 41 Figure 16: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Control tube (05/22/2017) 42 Figure 17: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (05/22/2017) 44 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Nitrogen metabolisms related to wastewater treatment 13 Table 2: The amount of constituents in the medium 18 Table 3: (*)Trace element solution in the medium 19 Table 4: The exact amount of chemical compounds for preparation of medium 22 Table 5: Summary of the Chromatogram Results by NO2- component 34 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS MBfR Membrane Biofilm Reactor MBAR Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactors NOB Nitrite-oxidizing organisms LDL Low Density Lipoprotein DO Dissolved Oxygen SRT Solid Retention Time BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand HEPES A zwitterionic organic chemical buffering agent AOB Ammonia-oxidizing Bacteria PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Rationale The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is a mechanical treatment which depends on gas-exchanging membranes The membranes typically supply a vaporous electron donor or acceptor substrate, such as hydrogen, oxygen and methane The electron substrate diffuses through the membrane to a biofilm and shaping on the membrane in the outside of the surface Biofilms procedures are of bringing the interest in environmental science and biotechnology due to its capacity to accumulate the high biomass densities and hold it inside the reactor Almost all the biofilm procedures are based on attachment surfaces, such as stone, dense plastic, plastic foams Both electron donor and acceptor substrates are supplied from the bulk liquid which can be called „co-diffusional‟ biofilms The biofilms can also grow on reactive surfaces that release electron acceptor or donor substrate into the biofilm Counter-diffusional biofilms can likewise be found in natural frameworks and built frameworks In environmental systems, counter-diffusional biofilms can be found on gas-fluid interfaces, such as plant roots, air bubbles and the roots may supply organic exudates or oxygen to biofilms creating on their surface In engineered systems, counter-diffusional biofilms can grow on inorganic solids such as elemental sulfur or organic solids such as chitin and biodegradable polymers Membrane-biofilm reactor is an essential counter-diffusional biofilm procedure in the environmental biotechnology It is depended on gas-permeable membranes that deliver a gaseous substrate to biofilms naturally forming on the membrane the test cases: 05/01/2017 Test out Result: Figure 11: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (05/01/2017) Integration Results No Peak Name NO22 NO3Total: Retention Time Min 4.233 7.523 Area μS*min 0.079 0.020 0.099 Height μS* 0.592 0.086 0.678 Relative Area % 79.61 20.39 100.00 Relative Height Amount % 87.26 54.5722 12.74 31.5836 100.00 Peak Results No Peak Name NO2NO3- Retention Time 4.233 7.523 Width Resolution Type (50%) (EP) 0.123 BMB 11.43 0.217 BMB n.a 36 Asymmetry (EP) Plates (EP) 1.11 1.10 6566 6682 SST Results No Name Inj.Condition Peak Test Result Injection Number of executed Total n.a Passed test cases: Result: After one month of changing the medium and analyzing the data, the supervisor and lab instructors decided to stop adding the AOB microorganisms inside the Test tube each week we change the medium The amount of NO2 and NO3 in the control tube seems not much different, but there is a huge change in the amounts of NO2 and NO3 in the test tube due to the sudden changing of condition 05/08/2017 Control test Figure 12: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Control tube (05/08/2017) 37 Integration Results Peak No Name NO22 NO34 Total: Peak Results Peak No Name NO2NO3- Retention Time Area Min μS*min 4.227 0.621 5.783 0.001 7.523 0.007 8.370 0.000 0.628 Retention Time Min 4.227 5.783 7.523 8.370 Width (50%) 0.121 0.350 0.216 0.091 Height μS* 4.710 0.002 0.030 0.001 4.743 Type BMB BMB BMB BMB Relative Relative Area Height Amount % % 98.74 99.30 237.2953 0.14 0.05 n.a 1.11 0.63 25.4819 0.02 0.02 n.a 100.00 100.00 Resolution Asymmetry (EP) (EP) 3.90 3.63 3.26 n.a SST Results No Name Inj.Condition Peak Number of executed Total n.a test cases: Result: 05/08/2017 Test out 38 1.12 0.79 1.12 1.08 Test Result Passed Plates (EP) 6766 1517 6742 46957 Injection Figure 13: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (05/08/2017) Integration Results Peak No Name NO22 NO3Total: Peak Results Peak No Name NO2NO3- Retention Time Area Min μS*min 4.230 0.001 7.520 0.002 0.003 Retention Time Min 4.230 7.520 Width (50%) 0.121 0.205 Height μS* 0.007 0.009 0.016 Type BMB BMB Relative Area % 28.83 71.17 100.00 Relative Height % 44.27 55.73 100.00 Resolution Asymmetry (EP) (EP) 11.90 n.a 1.10 1.01 Amount 28.1681 23.2944 Plates (EP) 6732 7468 SST Results No Name Inj.Condition Peak Test Result Injection Number of executed Total n.a Passed test cases: Result: After a few weeks, the results of Test Tube medium seem reasonable when the AOB is no longer supplied to the Test Tube Nevertheless, there is still something which affected the results when doing the experiment We not know whether it depends on the wrong analyzing steps I did without the instructors or the silicon tube might not work properly 05/15/2017 Control out 39 Figure 14: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Control tube (05/15/2017) Integration Results Peak No Name NO22 NO3Total: Retention Time Min 4.227 7.520 Area Height μS*min μS* 0.009 0.068 0.007 0.029 0.016 0.097 Relative Area % 56.27 43.73 100.00 Relative Height % 69.70 30.30 100.00 Amount 30.9013 25.4959 Peak Results No Peak Name NO2NO3- Retention Time Min 4.227 7.520 Width (50%) 0.123 0.218 Type BMB BMB SST Results No Name Inj.Condition Number of executed n.a test cases: 40 Resolution Asymmetry (EP) (EP) 11.39 n.a Peak Total Result: 1.14 1.15 Test Result Passed Plates (EP) 6556 6567 Injection 05/15/2017 Test out Figure 15: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (05/15/2017) Integration Results No Peak Name NO22 NO3Total: Retention Time Area Min μS*min 4.227 0.623 7.523 0.008 0.631 Height μS* 4.735 0.032 4.767 Relative Area % 98.71 1.29 100.00 Relative Height % 99.34 0.66 100.00 Amount 238.0597 26.0217 Peak Results No Peak Name NO2NO3- Retention Time Min 4.227 7.523 Width (50%) 0.121 0.221 Type Resolution (EP) Asymmetry (EP) Plates (EP) BMB BMB 11.38 n.a 1.11 1.22 6796 6414 41 SST Results No Name Inj.Condition Number of executed n.a test cases: Peak Total Result: Test Result Injection Passed With the help of other Lab members and instructors, we figured out some holes in the silicon tube which prevented oxygen from going into the tubes So the results seems little exact after we fixed the holes in the silicon tubes The results indicate that dominant amount of NO2 was produced and insignificant amount of NO3 was created 05/22/2017 Control out Figure 16: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Control tube (05/22/2017) 42 Integration Results No Peak Name NO22 NO3Total: Retention Time Area Height Min μS*min μS* 4.233 0.013 0.099 5.717 0.000 0.001 6.037 0.000 0.002 6.747 0.000 0.001 7.057 0.000 0.001 7.537 0.007 0.028 0.021 0.132 Relative Area % 63.61 0.68 0.84 0.68 0.73 33.46 100.00 Relative Height Amount % 75.11 32.2773 0.69 n.a 1.15 n.a 0.68 n.a 0.91 n.a 21.45 25.4450 100.00 Peak Results No Peak Name NO2- NO3- Retention Time Min 4.233 5.717 6.037 6.747 7.057 7.537 Width (50%) 0.122 0.162 0.096 0.132 0.131 0.221 Type M M M M M M Resolution Asymmetry Plates (EP) (EP) (EP) 6.15 1.46 3.67 1.39 1.61 n.a SST Results No Name Inj.Condition Peak Number of executed Total n.a test cases: Result: 05/22/2017 Test out 43 1.10 0.93 0.84 n.a n.a 1.13 Test Result Passed 6627 6897 21750 14472 15956 6433 Injection Figure 17: The Chromatogram and Results of Water samples in Test tube (05/22/2017) Integration Results Peak No Name NO22 NO3Total: Retention Time Min 4.237 7.537 Area μS*min 2.346 0.017 2.363 Height μS* 17.775 0.072 17.847 Relative Area % 99.26 0.74 100.00 Relative Height % 99.60 0.40 100.00 Amount 819.5099 30.3040 Peak Results No Peak Name NO2NO3- Retention Time Min 4.237 7.537 Width (50%) 0.122 0.221 Type BMB BMB Resolution Asymmetry Plates (EP) (EP) (EP) 11.37 n.a SST Results No Name Inj.Condition Peak Number of executed Total n.a test cases: Result: 44 1.09 1.12 Test Result Passed 6727 6455 Injection By Component NO2- No Injection Name Ret.Time Area Height Amount Rel.Area Peak Type Min μS*miny μS* % ECD_1 ECD_1 ECD_1 ECD_1 ECD_1 ECD_1 NO2NO2NO2NO2NO2NO21 10 ppm 4.347 0.243 1.816 10.991 55.80 M 20 ppm 4.350 0.503 3.751 19.767 56.67 M 40 ppm 4.353 1.074 8.072 39.029 57.14 M 80 ppm 4.350 2.270 17.036 79.386 57.40 M 100 ppm 4.350 2.905 21.669 100.828 57.47 M 0522CAS 4.223 0.011 0.078 31.554 2.99 BM 0501test 4.233 0.079 0.592 54.572 79.61 BMB 0501N 4.223 0.021 0.155 34.830 63.61 BMB 0508test 4.230 0.001 0.007 28.168 28.83 BMB 10 0508N 4.227 0.621 4.710 237.295 98.74 BMB 11 0515N 4.227 0.009 0.068 30.901 56.27 BMB 12 0515test 4.227 0.623 4.735 238.060 98.71 BMB 13 0522N 4.233 0.013 0.099 32.277 63.61 M 14 0522test 4.237 2.346 17.775 819.510 99.26 BMB Figure 6: Summary of the Chromatogram Results when stop adding AOB Based on the observed results from experimental tests, the presence of high nitrite concentrations indicates the dominance of ammonium oxidizing bacteria It is also assumed that little nitrite oxidation occurs The experimental data support the assumption of an effective selection pressure favoring ammonium oxidizing bacteria 45 PART 4: CONCLUSION The fractional nitrification framework created in this exploration viably oxidized ammonium to nitrite, without producing significant amount of nitrate The silicone membrane air circulation framework provided a connection site to nitrifying life forms, and constrained oxygen conveyance to make a low broke down oxygen framework which chose for ammonium oxidizing microscopic organisms Giving a long sludge age to these life forms enables them to prosper regardless of low biomass yield Nevertheless, my research is just a part in the main project in Biotechnology Lab in National Chung Hsing University I would like to continue doing this research further when I have chance to study further 46 REFERENCES Brindle, K.; Stephenson, T.; Semmens, M J Nitrification and oxygen utilisation in a membrane aeration bioreactor Journal of membrane Science 1998, 144, 197–205 Clesceri, L S.; Greenberg, A E.; Eaton, A D Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater; 20th ed.; American Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation, 1998 Brindle, K and Stephenson, T (1996) The application of membrane biological reactors for the 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nitrifying bacteria in a membrane-bound biofilm Environ Microbiol 2(6):680-868 20 Shiskowski, D.M and Mavinic, D.S (2006) The influence of nitrite and pH (nitrous acid) on aerobic-phase, autotrophic N2O generation in a wastewater treatment bioreactor J Environ Eng Sci 5(4):273-283 21 Strous, M., Gerven, E.V., Zheng, P., Kuenen, J.G and Jetten, M.S.M (1997) Ammonium removal from concentrated waste streams with the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process in different reactor configurations Water Res 31(8):1955-1962 22 Tallec, G., Garnier, J and Gousailles, M (2006b) Nitrogen removal in a wastewater treatment plant through biofilters: nitrous oxide emissions during nitrification and denitrification Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 29:323-333 23 Terada, A., Hibiya, K., Nagai, J., Tsuneda, S and Hirata, A (2003) Nitrogen removal characteristics and biofilm analysis of a membrane-aerated biofilm reactor 49 applicable to high-strength nitrogenous wastewater treatment J Bioscience Bioeng 95(2):170-178 24 Udert, K.M., Fux, C., Munster, M., Larsen, T.A., Siegrist, H and Gujer, W (2003) Nitrification and autotrophic denitrification of source-separated urine Water Sci Technol 48(1):119-130 25 Watson, J.M and Payne, P.A (1990) A study of organic compound pervaporation through silicone rubber J Membr Sci 49:171-205 50 ... to thinner biofilms Also several hollow-fiber membranes can clump together, effectively forming one large biofilm with individual membranes which provides point gas sources in the biofilm interior... community structures in the membrane- biofilm reactors Most of biofilms for wastewater treatment , the aerobic nitrifying microorganism grow in the deeper regions of the biofilm where the organic... buffering agent AOB Ammonia- oxidizing Bacteria PART 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research Rationale The membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is a mechanical treatment which depends on gas-exchanging membranes