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My brother, whose dream is to live in a farm house, has just sold his town house.. We pay a visit to the house where we lived 10 years ago.[r]
(1)CHUYÊN ĐỀ LUYỆN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT VÀ LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC, CAO ĐẲNG 2009
Môn: TIẾNG ANH
Chuyên đề: CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ I MỤC ĐÍCH CHUYÊN ĐỀ
- Không phải ngẫu nhiên mà người ta coi đại từ quan hệ “tứ trụ” cấu
trúc tiếng Anh Đại từ quan hệ sử dụng rộng rãi văn nói văn viết Do em cần tập trung vào học cấu trúc
II KIẾN THỨC CƠ BẢN
1. Who – that (chủ ngữ người)
The man is my teacher The man is at the door
Ỉ The man who/ that is at the door is my teacher
(phần gạch chân mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ bổ nghĩa cho “the man”) The girl is from Vietnam The girl is wearing red
Ỉ The girl who is wearing red is from Vietnam
2. Which – that (chủ ngữ vật)
The book is interesting The book is on the table
Ỉ The book which is on the table is interesting The pencil is Nam’s The pencil is red and blue
Ỉ The pencil which is red and blue is Nam’s
3. Whom, which, that (tân ngữ)
3.1 Whom (dùng cho người), that (dùng cho người vật), which (dùng cho vật): là tân ngữ trực tiếp, không kèm giới từ
I know the man You met the man yesterday
Ỉ I know the man whom/ that you met yesterday He loves the children You teach the children
Ỉ He loves the children whom you teach I haven’t found the pen I lost the pen yesterday
Ỉ I haven’t found the pen which/ that I lost yesterday They like the book You read the book everyday
Ỉ They like the book which/ that you read everyday
3.2 Whom (dùng cho người), that (dùng cho người vật), which (dùng cho vật): là tân ngữ giới từ
I don’t know the woman You are talking about the woman now
(2)Ỉ I don’t know the woman about whom you are talking now (không dùng “that”) We like the book Your mother spoke about the book yesterday
Ỉ We like the book which/ that your mother spoke about yesterday
Ỉ We like the book about which your mother spoke yesterday (không dùng “that”)
Chú ý: Nếu giới từđứng trước đại từ quan hệ khơng dùng “that” cho cả
người vật
4. Whose – of which (sở hữu)
I teach the children Their house is next to mine
Ỉ I teach the children whose house is next to mine I work in the school The gate of the school is blue
Ỉ I work in the school, of which the gate is blue
Ỉ I work in the school, the gate of which is blue
5. When = on which (day, date), when = in which (year)
I always remember the year when/ in which the war ended She reminded me of the date We first met on that date
Ỉ She reminded me of the date when/ on which we first met
6. Wher/ in, at, to which
We visited the village last week We were born in the village
Ỉ We visited the village where/ in which we were born
7. Why = for which
He told me the reason He was late for the reason
Ỉ He told me the reason why/ for which he was late
8. Mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ xác định không xác định
- Mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ xác định: thành phần câu, thiếu,
không thể bỏđi
The book is interesting The book is on the table
Ỉ the book which is on the table is interesting
- Mệnh đề phụ tính ngữ khơng xác định: mệnh đề cung cấp thêm thông tin,
thành phần khơng bản, bỏđi Nam’s book is interesting It is on the table
Ỉ Nam’s book, which is on the table, is interesting
Chú ý:
o Mệnh đề đứng hai dấu phẩy
o Mệnh đề tính ngữ không xác định thành phần câu xác định
bằng tính từ sở hữu, tính từ chỉđịnh yếu tố
9. Từ lượng với đại từ quan hệ
some of/most of/a lot of/both of/neither of/a pair of…+ whom/ which
(3)Ỉ I go to school with some friends, most of whom are boys We sent him two pictures Both of them were new
Ỉ We sent him two pictures, both of which were new
10.Các trường hợp không dùng “that” - Giới từđứng trước đại từ quan hệ
I know the man with whom you live
- Mệnh đề có chứa từ lượng
They met many children, most of whom were girls
- Đại từ quan hệ thay mệnh đềđứng trước
He often sailed across the lake, which nobody had done before
11.Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn
11.1 Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn với phân từ
The Royal College, which was founded in 1076, is the oldest university in this country
Ỉ The Royal College, founded in 1076, is the oldest university in this country Applications which are received after the deadline cannot be considered
Ỉ Applications received after the deadline cannot be considered People who travelled into the city every day are used to the hold-ups
Ỉ People travelling into the city every day are used to the hold-ups
11.2 Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn với danh từđồng cách
Oak, which is one of the most durable hard woods, is often used to make furniture
Ỉ Oak, one of the most durable hard woods, is often used to make furniture
11.3 Mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn với động từ nguyên mẫu
Chúng ta dùng mệnh đề tính ngữ rút gọn với động từ nguyên mẫu sau số thứ tự
(first, second ), hình thức so sánh bậc (oldest ), next, last, only: Who was the first person that conquered Mount Everest?
Ỉ Who was the first person to conquer Mount Everest? She is the only student who has signed up for the course
Ỉ She is the only student to sign up for the course
12.Các trường hợp dùng dấu phẩy
- Khi danh từđứng trước who, which, whom danh từ riêng, tên
Ha Noi, which Mary, who is
- Có “this ,that ,these ,those” đứng trước danh từ :
This book, which
- Có sở hữu đứng trước danh từ :
My mother, who is
- Là vật biết : Sun ( mặt trời ), moon ( mặt trăng )
(4)III CỦNG CỐ KIẾN THỨC Bài tập 1: Nối câu đại từ quan hệ
1 Peter wanted to have dinner with us He hated eating on his own We saw several houses Most of them were modern
3 My brother has just sold his town house His dream is to live in a farm house We pay a visit to the house We lived in the house 10 years ago
5 They’ll never forget the day Their wedding took place on that day What was the name of the year? Your son was born on that year Hai phong is a nice city Its streets are green
8 I like the dog Its fur is white
9 Felipe bought a camera The camera has three lenses
10 Frank is the man We are going to nominate Frank for the office of treasurer 11 Janet wants a typewriter The typewriter can self-correct
Bài tập 2: Chọn phương án thích hợp để hồn thành câu sau:
1 She gives her children everything……….they want a.that b who c whom d.what Tell me……….you want and I will try to help you
a.that b.what c.who d which
3 The place………….we spent our holiday was really beautiful a.what b.who c.where d.which
4 What was the name of the girl……… passport was stolen? a.whose b.who c.which d.when
5 The bed………….I slept in was too soft
a.whose b.which c.what d.who Nora is the only person……… understands me
a.which b who c what d whose
7 Why you always disagree with everything……… I say? a.who b which c.when d.what
8 This is an awful film It is the worst……… I have never seen a.who b that c what d whom
9 The hotel ……… we stayed was not clean a.who b that c where d when
10 The last time ……… I saw her, she looked very beautiful a.who b.that c where d when
11 What was the name of the people ……… car had broken down a.which b who c.whom d.whose
(5)13 The reason……… I phoned him was to invite him to a party a what b whose c.why d.which
14 I don't agree with ……… you have just said a.what b who c.when d.which
15 She told me her address………… I wrote on a piece of paper a.what b which c.when d where
16 The dress didn't fit her, so she took it back to the shop…… she had bought it a.where b.which c what d when
17 Do you know the girl………….Tom is talking to?
a.whom b.what c.which d whose 18 I gave her all the money ………… I had
a.that b.what c.when d.whose 19 The party……… we went to wasn't very enjoyable
a.who b.when c.that d.where 20 The stories……… Tom tells are usually very funny
a.when b.that c.where d.who 21 I met the woman……… can speak six languages
a.who b.that c.which d.whom 22 Have you seen the money ……… was on the table?
a.who b.which c.where d.whom 23 Where is the picture……… was on the wall?
a.when b.where c.which d.who 24 I don't like people ……… never stop talking
a.who b.which c.whom d.whose
25 Why does she always wear clothes……….are too small for her? a.which b.who c.whose d.where
26 The factory……… John works in is the biggest in town a.when b.where c.which d.how 27 Have you ever seen the photographs……… Ann took?
a.that b.where c.when d.who 28 Everybody………….went to the party enjoyed it very much
a that b whose c.which d.who 29 1945 was the year……… the second world war ended
a.which b.why c.when d.where 30 Is there a shop near hear………… I can buy a postcard?
a.when b.which c.where d.who
Đáp án: Bài 1:
(6)2 We saw several houses, most of which were modern
3 My brother, whose dream is to live in a farm house, has just sold his town house We pay a visit to the house where we lived 10 years ago
5 They’ll never forget the day on which their wedding took place What was the name of the year in which your son was born? Hai phong, whose streets are green, is a nice city
8 I like the dog whose fur is white
9 Felipe bought a camera which has three lenses
10 Frank is the man whom we are going to nominate for the office of treasurer 11 Janet wants a typewriter which can self-correct
Bài 2:
1 a b c a b b b b c 10 d 11 d 12 b 13 c 14 a 15 b 16 a 17 a 18 a 19 c 20 b 21 a 22 b 23 c 24 a 25 a 26 c 27 a 28 d 29 c 30 c
IV BÀI TẬP VỀ NHÀ
Bài tập: Điền đại từ quan hệ phù hợp để hoàn thành câu sau:
1 The men _ live next-door are English The dictionary _ you gave me is very good
3 Do you know the girls _ are standing outside the church?
4 The police are looking for the thief _ got into my house last night The chocolate _ you like comes from the United States
6 I have lost the necklace _ my mother gave me on my birthday A burglar is someone _ breaks into a house and steals things Buses _ go to the airport run every half hour
9 I can't find the key _ opens this door 10 I gave you a book _ had many pictures 11 I don't like the boy _ Sue is going out with
12 Did you see the beautiful dress _ she wore yesterday 13 The man _ she is going to marry is very rich
14 This is the bank _ was robbed yesterday
15 He wore a mask _ made him look like Mickey Mouse 16 He arrived with a friend waited outside in the car 17 The man mobile was ringing did not know what to 18 The car the robbers escaped in was a BMW
19 The woman daughter was crying tried to calm her down 20 The postman works in the village is very old
(7)22 The cowboy is wearing a red shirt looks very funny 23 A bus is a big car carries lost of people
24 The volunteers, enthusiasm was obvious, finished the work quickly 25 Children like music are often good at mathematics
26 The engineers designed the building received an award 27 The girl recited the poem is my niece
28 The town people, pride in their community is well- known, raised enough money to build a new town hall
29 The Pacific Ocean, might have been crossed by raft during the Stone Age, is the world's largest ocean
30 The newspaper to we subscribe is delivered regulary
Giáo viên: Nguyễn Thị Tâm
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