A vulnerability assessment to flooding in flood prone areas a case study in selected three 3 barangays in santa rosa city laguna province in the philippines

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY JOHN MAVERICK SAYABOC DE LEON A VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT TO FLOODING IN FLOOD PRONE AREAS: A CASE STUDY IN SELECTED THREE (3) BARANGAYS IN SANTA ROSA CITY, LAGUNA PROVINCE IN THE PHILIPPINES BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode: Major : Faculty: Batch: Full-time Environmental Science and Management International Programs Office 2013-2017 Thai Nguyen, 2017 DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student Name John Maverick S De Leon Student ID DTN1454290054 Thesis Title A Vulnerability Assessment to flooding in flood prone areas: A case study in selected three (3) Barangays in Santa Rosa City, Laguna province in the Philippines Supervisor(s) Prof Dr Damasa Macandog (Philippines); Assoc Prof Dr Tran Quoc Hung (Vietnam) Abstract: The Philippines is one of the typhoon-prone countries in the world Twenty (20) or more typhoons strike the country in a year This calamity results in flood or flashflood in the Philippines A vulnerability assessment is a must to the floodprone areas in the Philippines to lessen the negative effects of flood to these areas as well as to the people living in them A community-vulnerability assessment was conducted in three lakeshore barangays of Sta Rosa City namely: barangay Aplaya, barangay Caingin and barangay Sinalhan This was done by conducting a survey to 50 residents in each of the three barangays and also to some city and barangay officials The main objective of the study is to conduct a community-based vulnerability assessment to floods of the three barangays in the City of Santa Rosa along the shoreline of Laguna de Bay This study generally aims to survey these communities with respect to their exposure, sensitivity, impacts and capability to adapt to floods The other objectives of the study are determining the reasons why the three barangays are vulnerable to flood, determine the experiences, observations, and coping mechanisms of the residents in the three barangays during floods and extreme weather conditions, find out views of the residents of the three barangays on government intervention and implementation of policies during floods and extreme weather conditions, assess the vulnerability of these communities to flooding using the data gathered and recommend appropriate adaptation strategies to residents and mitigation policies to government officials to lessen the effects of flooding to these areas based on the assessment The results of the survey were used for the Physical Vulnerability Analysis and Socio-Economic Vulnerability Analysis In conclusion, barangay Sinalhan is the most vulnerable among the three lakeshore barangays in the city of Santa Rosa based on the conducted Physical and SocioEconomic Vulnerability Analysis Keywords: Vulnerability Assessment , Flooding Numbers of Pages Ninety-Six (96) pages Date of Submission November 2017 Signature of the Supervisor ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am most grateful to my thesis supervisor, Prof Dr Damasa Macandog, Professor, Institute of Biological Science, University of the Philippines at Los Banos (UPLB) in the Philippines for her help, guidance, encouragement, and patience throughout the implementation of this research study Her valuable suggestions and criticism on my thesis topic and on the manuscript are greatly appreciated Also, I am thankful to her for financing my research study during the data gathering process in the research sites I would also like to thank my second thesis adviser in Vietnam, Assoc Prof Dr Tran Quoc Hung, Dean, Faculty of Forestry, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF) in Vietnam for his utmost support, valuable advice and guidance on my research study I would like to acknowledge the assistance and support of several people during the course of my research study Engr Charles Gunay for his help and unending assistance during the process of data gathering in the three barangays in Santa Rosa City, Laguna Also, for his help in providing references for the research study Mr Donald Luna, Ms Elena Eugenio, and Mr Job Jonas Ruzgal for their help, giving valuable suggestions, and for providing references on my study Mr Ozzy Boy Nicopior and Ms Anne Jellie Bacani for their advice, guidance and help in mapping the necessary GPS coordinates on my thesis I sincerely thank Ms Amor Salandanan, City Environmental and Natural Resources Office (CENRO) Official for her help and advice on my research study I would also like to thank Ms Linda Creencia and Mr Eldrin Ramos, CENRO officials for their help and assistance for asking permits in conducting survey in the three barangay research sites in Santa Rosa City I am also thankful to Mr Antonio Z Lu and Mr Mark Nino Villanueva from the City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Office (CDRRMO), Mr Gary Abadines from the City Planning and Management Office, Mr Joseph Milko U Bustamante from City Veterinarian Office, and Mr Gerwin U Adduru from the Local Building Office for giving time to participate in the Key informant survey I give special credit to Honorable Mayor Danilo Fernandez for agreeing and giving permission to gather necessary data in the three barangays in the City of Santa Rosa, Laguna Philippines I sincerely thank all the Barangay Secretary Mr Benjamin Barairo from Barangay Caingin, Mr Felix P Claros from Barangay Aplaya and Ms Che Pacheco from Barangay Sinalhan for giving time to participate for the key informant survey and for granting my iii request to conduct a household survey in each of the three barangays I am also thankful to the Barangay Officials who assisted and guided us while conducting the household survey I also give special credit to the three honorable Barangay Captains in the three research sites for allowing us to conduct household survey in their barangay and for assigning some barangay officials to guide us during the survey I would like to extend my gratitude to Ms Susana Mutya, Ms Imelda Bautista, Ms Lenny Ann De Leon, Ms Roselyn Marcelo, Mr Jonas Dungan, Ms Rosette Dela Torre, Ms Jonalyn Suarez, Ms Roselle Cabugason, and Ms Ruby Thea Balao-as, for agreeing to be the survey enumerators and helped me in conducting the household survey I am also grateful to the 150 survey respondents from Barangay Caingin, Barangay Aplaya and Barangay Sinalhan for their hospitality and for allotting time to participate in the household survey I am sincerely thankful to my grandmother, Perlina Howard for reading my manuscript and for helping and giving valuable suggestions on my study I also give special credit to Dr Zenaida Sumalde for teaching me to assign different codes to the gathered data and for giving valuable advices on my research study and Mr Nestor Parafina for helping and reading my manuscript I wish to thank and acknowledge the help of Dr Nerissa Torreta to find a supervisor for me To my mother Lenny Ann De Leon, my grandmother Perlina Howard, my grandfather Bill Howard, my father Iric M De Leon, my two siblings Iris Anne De Leon and Phriya Nadine De Leon, my great grandmother Estrelita Dungan, my uncle Engr Antonio Sayaboc Jr., my relatives, my best friends Rosette Princess Dela Torre and Rhonalyn P Agupo and to my friends, I deeply appreciate and cherish your love, prayers, understanding and unending support in the completion and success of my thesis Above all, to God Almighty, thank you for giving me inspiration and determination to finish my research study Also, for giving the right solutions to my problems I encountered during my study JMSDL iv TABLE OF CONTENTS: Title Page………………………………….…………………… ………… i Abstract…………………………………… ………….…………………… ii Acknowledgement…………………………………………… …………… iii Table of Contents………………………………………….……….………… v List of Figures……………………………………………….……………… ix List of Tables………………………………………………….…… ….…… xii List of Abbreviations……………………………………………… … …… xiii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION………………………………………… 1.1 Research Rationale and Background…………………….… ………… 1.1.1 Background of the Study…………………………… ….……… 1.1.2 Climate Change and its Effects…………………………………… 1.1.3 Cause and Effects of Flooding…………………………………… 1.1.4 Flooding in Santa Rosa City, Laguna Philippines………………… 1.2 Significance of the study………………………… ………… ………… 1.3 Objectives of the study…………………………….……… …………… 1.3.1 General Objectives………………………….………………… 1.3.2 Specific Objectives……………………… ….….…………… 1.4 Research Questions and Hypotheses………………… …….…………… 1.4.1 Research Questions………………………….………………… 1.4.2 Hypotheses………………………………….………………… 1.5 Scope and Limitations……………………………………… ………… 1.6 Definition of Terms……………………………………… ….………… CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………… 2.1 Background about Flooding……………………………………………… 2.2 Community-based Vulnerability Assessment to Flooding…….….…… 2.3 Factors Affecting the Vulnerability of Communities…………………… 12 2.3.1 Population Growth and Distribution…………………………… 12 2.3.2 Social Diversity………………………………………………… 13 v 2.3.3 Physical Characteristics………………………………….……… 15 2.4 Related Studies in Vulnerability Assessment to Flooding……….…….… 16 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY………………………………… …… 21 3.1 Materials, Instruments and Sources of GPS Data………………….…… 21 3.1.1 Survey Questionnaires……………………………….………… 21 3.1.2 Materials, Instruments and GPS Data for Creating the Necessary Maps………………………………….………………… 22 3.1.2.1 Geographical Location Using ArcGIS 10.2 Software…………………………………….……….………… 22 3.1.2.2 Location Map of Surveyed Areas Using ArcGIS 10.2 Software…………………….………………… 22 3.1.2.3 Flood Susceptibility Map and Population Flood Exposure Map Using ArcGIS 10.2 Software………… 23 3.2 Time and Place of the Study…………………….………………………… 24 3.3 The Research Design…………………………….…………….…………… 24 3.4 Conduction of the Survey………………………………………… ……… 25 3.4.1 Determination of the Area to Survey…………………….……… 25 3.4.2 Determination of Sample Size and Sampling……………… …… 25 3.4.2.1 Household Survey…………………………….………… 25 3.4.2.2 Key Informant Survey…………………………………… 26 3.4.3 Data Gathering Process………………………………… ……… 27 3.4.3.1 Household Survey……………………………………… 27 3.4.3.2 Key Informant Survey…………………….…………… 27 3.5 Organization and Analysis of Data……………………………….………… 28 3.6 The Conceptual Framework of the study…………………………………… 29 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………… 31 4.1 Exposure to Flooding…………………… …………………… ……… 31 4.1.1 Population Characteristics……………………… ……….……… 31 4.1.2 Location and Flood Susceptibility………………….…………… 32 4.2 Impacts of Flooding in the Barangay Sites…………………………….… 35 vi 4.2.1 Highest Level and Duration of Flooding………………………… 35 4.2.2 Problems Encountered During Flooding Incidents………… … 37 4.2.3 Damage to Buildings…………………………………………… 39 4.2.4 Damage to Building Contents……………………………… … 40 4.2.5 Impacts on Livelihood and Income………………………… … 41 4.2.6 Impacts on Human Life and Health…………………… ……… 43 4.3 Adaptive Capacity and Coping Mechanisms to Floods……………….… 44 4.3.1 Warning Strategies of the City officials and Barangay Officials………………………………… ……… 44 4.3.2 Forms of Local Government Assistance during and After Flood Events……………………………………………….…… 45 4.3.3 Views of the Respondents on Local Government Intervention Before, During, and After Flood Events…………… …… 51 4.3.4 Coping Mechanisms of the Surveyed Households…………….… 52 4.4 Vulnerability Analysis……………………………………………………… 57 4.4.1 Physical Vulnerability Analysis……………………… ………… 57 4.4.1.1 Building Material Analysis…………………………… 57 4.4.1.2 Effect of Height of Ground Floor and Distance from Lake…………………………………… ……… 64 4.4.1.3 Effect of Building Age and Number of Floors……… 67 4.4.2 Socio-Economic Vulnerability Analysis………………………… 69 4.4.2.1 Income…………………………………………… … 69 4.4.2.2 Livelihood and Period of Stay…………………….… 70 4.4.2.3 Size of Family and Gender……………………….… 72 4.4.2.4 Age, Educational Attainment and Ownership……… 73 4.4.2.5 Calculation of Vulnerability Values/Scores………… 75 4.5 Recommendations to the Local Government Based on the Results………………………………………….…………… 77 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ….….… 79 5.1 Reasons for Flood Vulnerability………………….………….………….… 79 vii 5.2 Impacts of Floods…………………………………………………………… 80 5.3 Adaptive Capacity and Coping Mechanisms……………………………… … 80 5.4 Views on Government Intervention Before, During, and After Flood Events………………………….……………… … 82 5.5 Vulnerability Assessment….……………………………………………….… 82 5.6 Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Recommendations for Flood Hazards…………………………………………….…… 83 5.7 Recommendations for future studies………………………………………… 83 LITERATURE CITED……………………………….…………………….… 85 APPENDICES……………………………………….…………………….…… 97 viii LIST OF FIGURES: FIGURES: PAGE: Figure 1: The Geographical Location Map of the three barangay research sites (Barangay Sinalhan, Aplaya, and Caingin) in the City of Santa Rosa in Laguna Philippines……………………………… Figure 2: Location Map of the Surveyed Areas in the three barangay research sites………………………………………………………… 22 Figure 3: Flood Susceptibility Map of the Three Barangay Research Sites……………………………………………………… ………… 23 Figure 4: The Population Flood Exposure Map of the Surveyed Areas in the Three Barangay Research Sites……………………… ………… 23 Figure 5: City of Sta Rosa Flash Flood Areas and Submerged Barangays Map (Source: City Planning and Development Office)… ………… 25 Figure 6: Left to Right Top Row The Survey Team Members in Action in barangays (6a) Aplaya, (6b) Caingin, and (6c) Sinalhan Photos of the (6d) CDRRMO and (6e) CPDO Left to Right Bottom Row Photos of (6f) City Veterinarian Office and (6g) Local Building Office The researcher with the officials of barangays (6h) Aplaya, (6i) Caingin, and (6j) Sinalhan…………………………… ………… 28 Figure 7: Conceptual Framework of the study………………………………… 30 Figure 8: Location Map and Flood Susceptibility Map of the Three Barangay Sites……………………………………………………………………………… 33 Figure 9: Percentage of the Total Area of Flood Susceptibility Zones in (a) Caingin, (b) Aplaya and (c) Sinalhan…………………………………………… 34 Figure 10: (a) The Highest Flood Water-Level Experienced in Previous Years (b) Flood Duration of the Highest Flood Water-Level Experienced in Previous Years……………………………….………… 35 Figure 11: Problems Encountered by the Respondents During and After a Flooding Incident ………………………………………… ………… 37 Figure 12: Damage to Houses of the Respondents After a Flood in the Barangay Sites ……………………………………………… 39 Figure 13: Damages of Loss of Building Contents: (a) Appliances (b) Furniture………………………………………………………………………… 40 Figure 14: Impact of Floods on Livelihood of the Respondents: (a) General Effects on Income and Livelihood; (b) Effect on Income (PhP) Due to Flooding; (c) Effects on Ability to Work During and After Flooding………………………………………………………………………… 42 Figure 15: Awareness of the Respondents on an impending flooding event …………………………………………………………………………………… 45 Figure 16: Government Actions/Intervention Done by the Local Government Units Felt/Experienced by the Respondents of the Three Barangay Sites …………………………………………………………………………………… 51 ix Figure 17: Views of the Respondents on Government Intervention Before, During, and After Floods ……………………………………………………… Figure 18: Coping Mechanisms of Respondents With Respect to the Safety and Well-Being of Their Household Members……………………………………… Figure 19: Coping Mechanisms of Respondents in Securing Their House Building and Contents…………………………………………………………… Figure 20: Availability of Insurances of the Surveyed Households in the Barangays ……………………………………………………………………… Figure 21: Kinds of Support that the Respondents in the Barangays Received from Friends, Relatives and Neighbors During and After the Occurrence of Flood …………………………………………………………………………… Figure 22: Extent of Damage of Each Structural Type in Barangay Caingin: (a) Number of Structural Type and (b) Percentage of Structural Type……………………………………………………………………………… Figure 23: Extent of Damage of Each Structural Type in Barangay Aplaya: (a) Number of Structural Type and (b) Percentage of Structural Type……………………………………………………………………………… Figure 24: Extent of Damage of Each Structural Type in Barangay Sinalhan: (a) Number of Structural Type and (b) Percentage of Structural Type……………………………………………………………………………… Figure 25: Residents evacuate to the roofs during a flood hazard event………… Figure 26: Effect of Ground Floor Height on the Extent of Damage (%) to Houses in Barangays (a) Caingin; (b) Aplaya; and (c) Sinalhan from Floods…………………………………………… Figure 27: Effect of Distance from the Lake on the Extent of Damage (%) to Houses in Barangays (a) Caingin; (b) Aplaya; and (c) Sinalhan from Floods………………………………………… Figure 28: Effect of Building Age on the Extent of Damage (%) to Houses in Barangays (a) Caingin; (b) Aplaya; and (c) Sinalhan from Floods……………………………………………………… Figure 29: Effect of Number of Floors on the Extent of Damage (%) to Houses in Barangays (a) Caingin; (b) Aplaya; and (c) Sinalhan from Floods…………………………………………………………………………… Figure 30: Income of all Earning Members of the Surveyed Households in Barangays Caingin, Aplaya, and Sinalhan……………………………………… Figure 31: The Different Jobs/Livelihood of all the members in the Surveyed Households from Barangays Caingin, Aplaya and Sinalhan …………………………………………………………………………………… Figure 32: Period of Stay of the Surveyed Households in Barangays Caingin, Aplaya and Sinalhan……………………… Figure 33: Household Size of the Surveyed Households in Barangays Caingin, Aplaya, and Sinalhan…………………………………………………………… Figure 34: Gender of All Members of All Surveyed Households in Barangays Caingin, Aplaya, and Sinalhan…………………………………………………… 52 52 53 56 57 59 60 62 63 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 x APPENDIX C: Gathered GPS (Household) Coordinates in the three barangay research sites Municipality: Name of Barangay: Purok: N (Latitude) E (Longitude) Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.30922 121.1235 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.30712 121.1241 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.30678 121.1242 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.30497 121.1248 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.30472 121.1248 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.30192 121.1257 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.29915 121.1267 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.29816 121.1272 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.2986 121.1269 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.29799 121.1273 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.2981 121.1276 Santa Rosa Caingin Purok 14.2977 121.1274 Santa Rosa Aplaya Purok 14.31357 121.1222 Santa Rosa Aplaya Purok 14.31462 121.1219 Santa Rosa Aplaya Purok 14.31944 121.1206 Santa Rosa Aplaya Purok 14.31944 121.12 Santa Rosa Aplaya Purok 14.3215 121.1193 Santa Rosa Aplaya Purok 14.32133 121.119 Santa Rosa Aplaya Purok 14.32209 121.1191 Santa Rosa Aplaya Purok 14.32322 121.1177 Santa Rosa Sinalhan Purok 14.32765 121.1141 Santa Rosa Sinalhan Purok 14.33021 121.1116 Santa Rosa Sinalhan Purok 14.33019 121.1116 Santa Rosa Sinalhan Purok 14.33022 121.1115 Santa Rosa Sinalhan Purok 14.33019 121.1117 Santa Rosa Sinalhan Purok 14.33252 121.1058 Santa Rosa Sinalhan Purok 14.33237 121.1039 Santa Rosa Sinalhan Purok 14.33298 121.1014 Page | 116 APPENDIX D (1): Some Pictures of the respondents during the Household Survey in the three barangay research sites APPENDIX D (2): Pictures of the respondents with the researcher and survey enumerators during the Household Survey in the three barangay research sites The Researcher (on the left) with the respondent (on the right) The Respondent (on the left) with the Survey Enumerator (on the right) Page | 117 Other pictures of the researcher and the survey enumerators with the respondents Appendix D (3): Some Pictures of the respondent‟s houses during the Household Survey in the three barangay research sites Page | 118 APPENDIX D (4): Departments/Offices in the Municipal Hall of the City of Santa Rosa that participated in the key informant survey and the pictures of the barangay hall of the three research sites and the Municipal hall of the City of Santa Rosa in Laguna, Philippines CDRRMO CPDO City Veterinary Office CENRO Local Building Office Municipal Hall of the City of Santa Rosa in Laguna, Philippines Barangay Hall of Barangay Aplaya Barangay Hall of Barangay Caingin Barangay Hall of Barangay Sinalhan APPENDIX D (5): Pictures of the respondents during the key informant official survey with the researcher CDRRMO official (on the right) with the researcher (on the left) Barangay Aplaya Official (on the left) with the researcher (on the right) Barangay Caingin official (on the right) with the researcher (on the left) Page | 119 APPENDIX E: Definition of terms Barangay – It is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and it is a native filipino term for village, ward or district It is also formerly referred to as barrio (Oxford Dictionaries, 2015) Barangay Captain – It is the person who leads and governs the Barangay and it is also the highest elected official in the barangay Barangay Hall - It is the building or hall when the barangay officials uses as its workplace or main office City Mayor - It is the person or official who oversees a city‟s main departments, including the police, fire, education, housing, and transportation departments A City Mayor also leads and governs the whole Municipality (C Neiger, 2010) Climate Change – it is the change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time Climate change refers to a change in average weather conditions, or in the time variation of weather around longer-term average conditions (Dinda, 2015) Drainage/Drainage System- It drains water in an area when a large volume of water overflows in the area It also reduces flood damage by carrying water away (melbournewater.com.au) Evacuation Center – It is a place such as schools, hospitals, etc that was designed and constructed to protect the residents living in the vicinity during an emergency, especially when natural disasters such as typhoon, flood, and earthquake strikes (studymode.com) Exposure- It refers to the „elements at risk” from a natural or man-made hazard/disasters event (Geoscience Australia, 2017) Flood – Simply, it is the overflow of water onto land that is usually a dry place (www.nssl.noaa.gov) Flood prone areas – It is the areas that usually experienced flood when a typhoon or an extreme weather condition strikes the areas or when a large volume of water overflows to the area Global Warming – It is when the average global temperature has increased at the fastest rate in recorded history (A MacMillan 2016) Laguna De bay – It is the largest inland water body covering about 98,000 hectares and located at the heart of the CALABARZON region/area in the Philippines (Laguna Lake Development Authority, 2005) Municipality – It is a primarily urban political unit having corporate status and usually has power of selfgovernment (Merriam Webster, 2017) Municipal Hall/City Hall – It is the building when the city councils and other officials including the City Mayor uses as its main office (Collins Dictionary, 2017) Purok/Zone – It is a political subdivision of a Barangay (Guillermo, Artemio R & Win, May Kyi 2005) It is the smallest unit of governance in the Philippines and it is not officially considered as a local government unit (Ramon Aboitiz Foundation Inc 2012) Page | 120 Purposive Sampling – It is also known as judgement, selective, or subjective sampling It is a sampling method or technique in which the researcher depends on his or her judgement when choosing members of population (respondents) to participate in the research study (research-methodology.net) Resilience – It is the ability of the people to recover from or adjust easily to some threats such as natural disasters, etc (Merriam Webster, 2017) Southwest Monsoon – It refers to the rainy phase of a seasonally changing pattern and it also has a dry phase ("Welcome to Monsoon Season”, 2016) It is also described as seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea (Trenberth, K.E., Stepaniak, D.P., Caron, J.M., 2000) Survey – It is a method of gathering data or information from a sample of people, traditionally with the intention of generalizing the results to a larger population (D Vannette, 2015) Susceptibility- It is the state of being susceptible or capable of submitting to an action, hazards, process, or operation It is also the state of being open, subject or unresistant to some influence or stimulus such as diseases and natural disasters (Flood, earthquake, landslides, etc.) (Merriam Webster, 2017) Typhoons – It is the intense area of low atmospheric pressure (Puerto Galera Yacht Club, 2003-2017) Vulnerable – Exposed to the possibility of being harmed or attacked, it is either physically or emotionally (Oxford Living Dictionaries, 2017) Vulnerability Assessment – It is a risk management process used to identify, quantify, and rank possible vulnerabilities to threats or calamity in a given system (Techopedia Inc., 2017) Page | 121 APPENDIX F: Raw data of the Graphs Figure 9a: Very High Flood Barangay Caingin High Flood Moderate Flood 1.14 Low Flood 15.91 53.41 29.55 Figure 9b: Very High Flood Barangay Aplaya High Flood Moderate Flood 10.10 Low Flood 22.22 37.37 30.30 Figure 9c: Very High Flood Barangay Sinalhan High Flood Moderate Flood 6.48 Low Flood 27.78 43.52 22.22 Figure 10a: 0.49 m – 0.94 m ≤ 0.48 m 0.95 m – 1.62 m ≥ 1.63 Barangay Caingin 10 12 23 Barangay Aplaya 15 21 Barangay Sinalhan 11 27 Figure 10b: Barangay Caingin Barangay Aplaya Barangay Sinalhan to weeks 1 month months months 17 3 months months months >6 months Can't remember 7 19 14 7 Figure 11: Page | 122 Figure 12: Totally Destroyed Slightly Destroyed Not Destroyed Barangay Caingin 30 13 Barangay Aplaya 13 25 12 Barangay Sinalhan 10 33 Figure 13a: Barangay Caingin Electronic Devices not work anymore Barangay Aplaya Barangay Sinalhan Loss of some kitchen utensils, etc Loss of some appliances (TV, oven, etc.) No Damage 33 15 5 31 16 26 Figure 13b: Barangay Caingin Furniture becomes smelly and dirty 13 Pillows and mattresses get wet and dirty 11 Barangay Aplaya 16 Barangay Sinalhan 15 Loss of some furniture No Damage 29 22 24 19 23 Figure 14a: Cannot Go to Work Decrease of income/budget Loss of income/budget Increase of income Barangay Caingin 18 10 Barangay Aplaya 21 10 Barangay Sinalhan 12 18 Figure 14b: BEFORE FLOOD (MEAN) BARANGAY CAINGIN BARANGAY APLAYA BARANGAY SINALHAN AFTER FLOOD (MEAN) 15948.56 10642.8 15790.8 11393.4 13643 10359.6 Figure 14c: Barangay Caingin Barangay Aplaya Barangay Sinalhan YES 20 17 19 NO 28 32 30 1 SOMETIMES Figure 15: YES NO Barangay Caingin 39 11 Barangay Aplaya 43 Barangay Sinalhan 36 14 Page | 123 Figure 16: Barangay Caingin Barangay Aplaya Barangay Sinalhan Evacuation Relief Operations Rescue Operation Cleaning Program Others None Fixing of Roads and other Infra 33 13 34 10 13 31 Figure 17: Effective Slightly Effective Barangay Caingin 37 Not Effective (Not all the affected people can receive the relief goods, etc.) No comment or None Barangay Aplaya 29 12 Barangay Sinalhan 33 Figure 18: Barangay Caingin Barangay Aplaya Barangay Sinalhan 15 12 Placing Valuables in High Places/2 Floor Evacuation 18 29 27 Keeping Family Members Safe 4 Others No actions or None 1 Preparing for Flood nd Figure 19: Barangay Caingin Barangay Aplaya 13 Barangay Sinalhan 15 Placing Valuables in High Places/2 Floor 41 28 30 Transfer Valuables to Relative/Neighbor Others 3 None Evacuation Preparing for the Flood nd Figure 20: Barangay Caingin Barangay Aplaya Barangay Sinalhan Medical Health 29 32 21 None Calamity Support CARD (SME) Others 18 11 26 3 4 Page | 124 Figure 21: Financial Support Taking Care of Children None Giving of Food Others Barangay Caingin 31 15 Barangay Aplaya 26 10 23 Barangay Sinalhan 32 11 Figure 22: Totally Destroyed Slightly Destroyed No Damage CER-TEG-CON 2 CER-TEG-BR CER-GI-CON CER-GI-WD CON-TEG-CON CON-GI-CON 15 CON-GI-WD CON-GI-MXD 1 GR-NP-WD 0 MXD-GI-WD MXD-GI-MXD 0 WD-TEG-CON WD-GI-WD OTH-TEG-CON OTH-GI-WD 0 50 Totally Destroyed Slightly Destroyed No Damage CER-TEG-CON 50 50 CER-TEG-BR 100 CER-GI-CON 100 CER-GI-WD 100 CON-TEG-CON 75 25 CON-GI-CON 12 58 31 CON-GI-WD 33 67 CON-GI-MXD 50 50 100 0 MXD-GI-WD 100 MXD-GI-MXD 0 100 WD-TEG-CON 100 WD-GI-WD 100 OTH-TEG-CON 100 100 0 GR-NP-WD OTH-GI-WD Page | 125 Figure 23: Totally Destroyed Slightly Destroyed No Damage CER-TEG-CON CER-TEG-BR 0 CER-GI-CON 1 CER-GI-BR CER-LS-CON 0 CON-TEG-CON 0 CON-TEG-BR CON-GI-CON 13 CON-GI-BR CON-OTH-WD GR-GI-BAM 0 GR-GI-CON GR-GI-WD GR-GI-MXD 0 MXD-TEG-BR 0 MXD-GI-WD 0 WD-TEG-BAM 0 WD-GI-CON OTH-NIP-BAM OTH-TEG-BAM 0 50 Totally Destroyed CER-TEG-CON Slightly Destroyed No Damage 100 CER-TEG-BR 100 0 CER-GI-CON 50 50 CER-GI-BR 100 CER-LS-CON 0 100 CON-TEG-CON 0 100 CON-TEG-BR 25 75 CON-GI-CON 15 50 35 CON-GI-BR 100 CON-OTH-WD 100 GR-GI-BAM 100 0 GR-GI-CON 100 GR-GI-WD 100 GR-GI-MXD 100 0 MXD-TEG-BR 100 0 MXD-GI-WD 100 0 WD-TEG-BAM 100 0 WD-GI-CON 100 OTH-NIP-BAM 100 100 0 OTH-TEG-BAM Page | 126 Figure 24: Totally Destroyed Slightly Destroyed No Damage CER-GI-CON CER-GI-WD 0 CER-OTH-CON CER-OTH-MXD CON-TEG-CON CON-TEG-BR CON-GI-CON 18 CON-GI-WD 1 CON-GI-MXD CON-GI-GI CON-OTH-CON GR-NIP-MXD 0 GR-NIP-BAM 1 GR-TEG-WD GR-GI-WD 0 GR-GI-MXD GR-LS-MXD 0 MXD-TEG-CON MXD-GI-CON 0 MXD-GI-MXD 0 WD-GI-MXD 0 OTH-NIP-BAM 0 OTH-GI-BR 0 Totally Destroyed Slightly Destroyed No Damage CER-GI-CON 25 50 25 CER-GI-WD 100 0 CER-OTH-CON 100 CER-OTH-MXD 100 CON-TEG-CON 100 0 100 CON-TEG-BR CON-GI-CON 82 14 CON-GI-WD 50 50 CON-GI-MXD 100 CON-GI-GI 100 CON-OTH-CON 100 GR-NIP-MXD 100 0 GR-NIP-BAM 50 50 GR-TEG-WD 100 100 0 GR-GI-MXD 100 GR-LS-MXD 100 0 GR-GI-WD Page | 127 MXD-TEG-CON 100 MXD-GI-CON 0 100 MXD-GI-MXD 100 0 WD-GI-MXD 0 100 OTH-NIP-BAM 0 100 100 0 OTH-GI-BR Figure 26a: ≤3 Totally Destroyed 10 >3 Slightly Destroyed 30 No damage 18 30 Figure 26c: Figure 26b: ≤3 Totally Destroyed 16 Slightly Destroyed 36 >3 10 14 No damage 200 TO 300 >300 Slightly Destroyed 32 No damage 12 >3 34 18 Figure 27a: 15 YEARS 4 10 52 20 ≤ YEARS TO 15 YEARS > 15 YEARS Totally Damaged Slightly Damaged No Damage 14 36 12 Page | 128 Figure 28c: Figure 32: Totally Damaged Slightly Damaged No Damage Barangay Caingin Barangay Aplaya 14 to 10 12 >10 82 78 92 ≤ YEARS 15 YEARS 10 14 46 Barangay Sinalhan Figure 33: Figure 29a: Totally Destroyed ONE TWO OR MORE Slightly Destroyed 12 46 No Damage 24 14 Barangay Caingin Figure 29b: Barangay Sinalhan 4 TO 48 50 38 ≥5 48 46 58 Barangay Caingin 52 Barangay Aplaya 47 Barangay Sinalhan 54 48 53 46 Barangay Caingin Barangay Aplaya Figure 34: Totally Destroyed ONE TWO OR MORE Slightly Destroyed 22 32 No Damage 18 18 Male Female Figure 35: Figure 29c: ONE Barangay Aplaya Totally Destroyed 16 TWO OR MORE Slightly Destroyed 50 No Damage 10 16 Barangay Sinalhan 11 to 24 44 42 44 25 to 65 46 49 42 2 65 Figure 30: Caingin Aplaya Sinalhan < 10,000 36 28 42 10,000 TO 20,000 > 20, 000 36 50 36 28 22 22 Figure 31: Barangay Caingin Barangay Aplaya Barangay Sinalhan Businessman/Wom an Military 14 Government Others 38 30 41 None 59 49 54 Fishermen Figure 36: Barangay Caingin 22 Barangay Aplaya 27 Barangay Sinalhan 29 High School 52 40 42 College 11 13 Graduate School Others 0 16 19 25 Elementary Figure 37: Barangay Caingin Barangay Aplaya OWNED 92 88 Barangay Sinalhan 84 RENTED 12 16 Page | 129 Mean and Standard Deviation of Population and Population Density of the three barangays: POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95.0%) 19637.66667 2060.142498 21597 #N/A 3568.271477 12732561.33 #DIV/0! -1.725931318 6278 15519 21797 58913 21797 15519 8864.077742 Mean Standard Error Median Mode Standard Deviation Sample Variance Kurtosis Skewness Range Minimum Maximum Sum Count Largest(1) Smallest(1) Confidence Level(95.0%) 160.6666667 22.87890829 157 #N/A 39.62743158 1570.333333 #DIV/0! 0.412813403 79 123 202 482 202 123 98.4399972 Page | 130 ... DTN1454290054 Thesis Title A Vulnerability Assessment to flooding in flood prone areas: A case study in selected three (3) Barangays in Santa Rosa City, Laguna province in the Philippines Supervisor(s)... Flash Flood Areas and Submerged Barangays Map, indicates that barangays Sinalhan, Aplaya and Caingin are among the most affected communities during flooding in the city The communities in Santa. .. analysis The social vulnerability analysis performed in the research sites indicated that barangays Jose Rizal, Masinao, Adia, and Coralan in Santa Maria and barangays San Antonio, Nanguma, Lambac,