CLEFT SENTENCES (CÂU CHẺ) I KHÁI NIỆM: Câu chẻ dùng để nhấn mạnh thành phần câu chủ từ, túc từ hay trạng từ II: CÁC DẠNG CÂU CHẺ: Cấu trúc chung: It + be + noun / pronoun + defining relative clause + … Có loại câu chẻ: Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh chủ ngữ, câu chẻ nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ câu chẻ nhấn mạnh vào trạng ngữ 1: Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh vào chủ ngữ (Subject focus) : Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào chủ thể thực hành động (chủ ngữ), ta dùng câu chẻ để diễn đạt đặt trọng tâm vào chủ thể Cấu trúc: IT + be + noun / pronoun + WHO / THAT + V + O + Ví dụ: a Nam helped you (Nam giúp bạn) b It was Nam who / that helped you (Chính Nam người giúp bạn) Lưu ý: Đối với chủ từ khơng phải người ta dùng THAT Ví dụ: It was your dog that bit my son (Chính chó anh cắn trai tôi) ĐỐI VỚI TRƯỜNG HỢP NHẤN MẠNH CHỦ NGỮ LÀ ĐẠI TỪ: Theo sách Practical English in Use tác giả Michael Swan để nhấn mạnh cho chủ từ câu “I am responsible”, ta làm sau: • It’s I who am responsible (formal) • It’s me that is responsible (informal) • It’s me who is responsible (informal) Hoặc câu “You are in the wrong” ta làm sau: • It’s you who are in the wrong (formal) • It’s you that is in the wrong (informal) 2: Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh vào tân ngữ (Object focus): Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào khách thể bị tác động hành động (tân ngữ), ta dùng câu chẻ để diễn đạt đặt trọng tâm vào tân ngữ Cấu trúc: IT + be + noun / pronoun + WHO / WHOM / THAT + S + V + O + … Ví dụ: a Nam helped Mai (Nam giúp Mai) ->It was Mai who / whom / that Nam helped (Chính Mai người mà Nam giúp) 3: Câu chẻ nhấn mạnh vào trạng ngữ (Adverbials focus) Khi muốn nhấn mạnh vào trạng ngữ thời gian nơi chốn, … mệnh đề, ta dùng câu chẻ để diễn đạt đặt trọng tâm vào trạng ngữ Cấu trúc: IT + be + prep + noun / pronoun + THAT + S + V + O + … Ví dụ: a It was on his birthday that we were dancing merrily b It was at the shop that Nam bought a present for Mai c It was for tea that Nam made some cakes Email: tienganh.hongngu3@gmail.com ĐT: 0916829468 Trang 1/4 B: DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT: Dạng 1: WH- + S + V + … + BE + …… Ví dụ: Phil is the secretary Mary kept a pig in the garden shed I need a holiday → What Phil is is the secretary → What Mary kept in the garden shed is a pig → What I need is a holiday Dạng 2: WH- + S + V + … + BE + (THAT / WH-) + S + V + …… Ví dụ: What bothers me is the way the news was announced.(= The way the news was announced bothers me.) What upsets me is the tact that you lied (= The fact that you lied upsets me.) What we don't really know at the moment is why the accident happened Một vài WH-CLAUSES đặt đầu cuối câu Ví dụ: What interests me is his early paintings His early paintings are what interests me a Mẫu câu chẻ sau sử dụng rộng rãi văn nói: WHAT WHEN WHY IT BE S V …… THAT (S) V …… HOW BECAUSE Ví dụ: It was what she said next that surprised everyone It is what I need to that you should trust in It was when I saw the police that I panicked (= The time I saw the police was when I panicked.) It is (the reason) why I come here that made you surprised It's how he can put up with it that I don 't understand It was because I had no money that I had to go home Dạng 3: Chúng ta sử dụng thành ngữ “the place where …; the time when …; the reason why…” để nhấn mạnh nơi chốn, thời gian lý the place where S BE the time when S V …… the reason why Ví dụ: Mary kept a pig in the garden shed → The place where Mary kept a pig was the garden shed → The garden shed was the place where Mary kept a pig (informal style) Jake went to London on Tuesday to see Mary → Tuesday was the day when Jake went to London to see Mary (informal style) → The day when Jake went to London to see Mary was Tuesday → London was the place where Jake went to on Tuesday to see Mary (informal style) → The place where Jake went to on Tuesday to see Mary was London → → To see Mary was the reason why Jake went to London on Tuesday (informal style) The reason why Jake went to London on Tuesday was to see Mary Dạng 3: Chúng ta sử dụng “The only ……; All (that)… ; The first….; …” để nhấn mạnh: Noun phrase The + thứ tự +… Clause / Phrase V THAT – clause / Phrase The only… All (that)… Ví dụ: The only thing I can to help you is that you have to tell the truth All (that) I wish is a home for all poor people Câu chẻ bị động (Cleft sentences in the passive) a It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + P.P… Ex: Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers → It was that singer who was given a lot of flowers (Chính người ca sĩ tặng nhiều hoa) b It + is / was + Noun (thing) + that + be + P.P… Ex: People talk about this film → It is this film that is talked about (Chính phim nói đến) - Fans gave that singer a lot of flowers → It was a lot of flowers that were given to that singer (Chính nhiều hoa tặng cho người ca sĩ) WHAT + verb + Một vài WH-CLAUSES đặt đầu cuối câu Ví dụ: What interests me is his early paintings His early paintings are what interests me b Mẫu câu chẻ sau sử dụng rộng rãi văn nói: WHAT WHEN WHY IT BE S V …… THAT (S) V …… HOW BECAUSE Ví dụ: It was what she said next that surprised everyone It is what I need to that you should trust in It was when I saw the police that I panicked (= The time I saw the police was when I panicked.) It is (the reason) why I come here that made you surprised It's how he can put up with it that I don 't understand It was because I had no money that I had to go home Dạng 3: Chúng ta sử dụng thành ngữ “the place where …; the time when …; the reason why…” để nhấn mạnh nơi chốn, thời gian lý the place where S BE the time when S V …… the reason why Ví dụ: Mary kept a pig in the garden shed → The place where Mary kept a pig was the garden shed → The garden shed was the place where Mary kept a pig (informal style) Jake went to London on Tuesday to see Mary → Tuesday was the day when Jake went to London to see Mary (informal style) → The day when Jake went to London to see Mary was Tuesday → London was the place where Jake went to on Tuesday to see Mary (informal style) → The place where Jake went to on Tuesday to see Mary was London → To see Mary was the reason why Jake went to London on Tuesday (informal style) → The reason why Jake went to London on Tuesday was to see Mary Dạng 3: Chúng ta sử dụng “The only ……; All (that)… ; The first….; …” để nhấn mạnh: Noun phrase The + thứ tự +… Clause / Phrase V THAT – clause / Phrase The only… All (that)… Ví dụ: The only thing I can to help you is that you have to tell the truth All (that) I wish is a home for all poor people All (that) she wants makes me uncomfortable All she needs is love The first thing I can to help you is to make a cup of coffee The last occasion for you to overcome difficulties is your attempts Ghi quan trọng: Có nhiều dạng câu chẻ mà ta sử dụng văn nói lẫn văn viết Trong giới hạn thời gian, tác giả liệt kê hết tất dạng Phần lại nghiên cứu bổ sung sau Mong độc giả thông cảm Hi hi… ... you have to tell the truth All (that) I wish is a home for all poor people Câu chẻ bị động (Cleft sentences in the passive) a It + is / was + Noun / pronoun (person) + who + be + P.P… Ex: Fans