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underground, tube, subway, metro In British English, a railway system in which electric trains travel below the ground in tunnels is usually called an underground or underground system..[r]
(1)ENGLISH CONFUSABLE WORDS – 12 worth, value If something is worth an amount of money, that is the amount you would get for it tf you sold it - The lens alone was worth about £100 - Two chairs like that must be worth at least a thousand pounds up in London In formal or literary English, you can talk about the worth of a person, meaning their usefulness, or importance - true knowledge of the other’s worth and a profound awareness of their individual existence - This job has robbed me of all worth You can also use value to talk about how useful or important a person is Value is also used with things such as qualities and plans - She is beautiful, but my concerns are ofher true value as my son’s wife Is she a strong, hard worker? - Everyone realizes the value ofsincerity - Their task was to ensure that no information ofpositive military value to the enemy was sent out When you talk about the value of something that you can own such as a house or car, you mean the amount of money that someone will pay for it You not talk about the 'worth' of something that someone owns - What would you say is the value of this property today? - They paid 28 percent above market value for it - The value of the horse is now in excess of £500,000 wood, woods, forest A wood is a large area of trees growing close to each other - It was cool and dark inside the wood - At last we entered the cool beech wood through which the Squire’s drive twisted - I told her I had heard her talking in the wood If you talk about a particular wood, you can also call it ‘the woods’ - I have to search the woods for hazel branches - a brisk walk through the nearby woods - We rushed out of the woods and down the hill A forest is an extremely large area of trees Forests are usually a long way from towns and cities - They had their picnic in a clearing in the forest - This would destroy the Amazon forest, believed to provide a quarter of the world’s oxygen supply whole, all Whole is used to describe something that is being considered as a complete, single thing, rather than being considered to be made up of a set of individual parts As an Thẩm Tâm Vy, September 02, 2020 adjective, whole is preceded by a determiner such as ‘the’ or ‘this’ or by a possessive such as ‘my’ or ‘her’, and followed by a singular noun - ‘Why I have to go?’—‘The whole class is going ’ - The response was so great that a whole page had to be given over to readers’ letters - Koch applied his whole weight to the brake pedal The whole of is also followed by a singular noun - throughout the whole of the industrialized world - The whole of the right-hand side ofhis suit was black with blood Like whole, all can be used to talk about something that is being considered as a complete, single thing All and all of are followed by a determiner such as ‘the’ or ‘this’, or a possessive such as ‘my’ or ‘your’ and a singular noun They cannot be followed by ‘a’ or ‘an’ - A point of gold appeared above the sea and at once all the sky lightened - That means you’ll lose all your investment - A few minutes later Louison was pedalling down the drive with all the force his frightened legs could muster - want to thank the people of New York for all their help All and all of are also used to talk about a complete set of separate parts considered together All and all of are followed by a determiner such as ‘the’ or ‘these’, or a possessive such as ‘your’ or ‘their’ and a plural noun All can also be followed by a plural noun on its own - Page wanted all of the people to be there - All of the defendants were proved guilty - Few children nowadays have all these advantages in their own home - All airlines kept uniformed representatives at airport post offices Note that in front of plural nouns whole has a different meaning from all It is used to give emphasis For example, if you say ‘All the streets are deserted’, you mean that every street is deserted If you say ‘Whole streets are deserted’, you mean that some streets are completely deserted want, wish If you want something, you feel a need for it or a desire to have it - He could have a lawyer if he wanted one - If you want the job, it’s yours - The boy here wants a canary - ties and shirts that nobody wants You can also use a ‘to’-infinitive after want You can say that you want to something, that you want someone to something, or that you want something to happen - I want to get out of here - He dropped his wallet and I want to give it to him - He wanted actors to perform his plays as though they were musical scores - I not want the garden to go jungly ENGLISH CONFUSABLE WORDS 12 DeThi.edu.vn (2) You use wish with a ‘to’-infinitive with the same meaning as want However, this is a formal use - She said that she wished to consult him about her future - He did not have to answer questions if he did not wish to - I felt I was hearing everything that Mozart wished me to hear - She added that she wouldn’t wish him to be an artist unless he were a great one In stories, people sometimes say that they wish for something when they want it Sometimes they are talking about their secret desires - So your husband wishes for a son - Whatever they wished for, they asked for, and it was brought - He was afraid, because he had so often wished for his father’s death Wish is normally followed by a ‘that’-clause If you wish that something was the case, you would like it to be the case, although you know it is unlikely or impossible - I wish I could offer a magic solution to yourproblem - I wish I lived near London - He wished he had phoned for a cab valuable, invaluable, valueless If something such as jewellery is valuable, it is worth a lot of money - This collection is the biggest and most valuable assembly of works of art ever given to the nation by an individual - She collected vintage cars and built up a valuable stamp collection If something such as help or advice is valuable, it is very useful - After-school play centres are valuable for all children - He could give me valuable information Invaluable is not the opposite of ‘valuable’ If you say that someone or something is invaluable, you mean that they are extremely good and useful - The training they receive is considered invaluable experiencefor a career infinance - Their evidence could be invaluable in proving that the accident was caused by negligence If you say that something is valueless, you mean that it is not useful, effective, or worth anything - involvement in valueless activities - He knew an advertising campaign, however inspired, was valueless without the muscle of an organization behind it - the government’s sudden decision to declare half the banknotes in the country valueless underground, tube, subway, metro In British English, a railway system in which electric trains travel below the ground in tunnels is usually called an underground or underground system People using a particular underground system usually refer to it as ‘the Underground’ When you are talking about the system in a different city, you put the name of the city in front of the word underground; for example, ‘the Stockholm underground’ - They travelled a little way together on the Underground - If you have a lot of luggage it will be difficult to travel by bus or underground - the Berlin underground In London, the underground also has an informal name, the Tube - When I come by Tube it takes about an hour - Our car was stolen from a Tube station car park - It was still raining, but I walked to the tube instead of spending money on a taxi In American English, a railway system like this is not called the ‘underground’ It is called the subway - They had acted as consultants for the original New York subway at the start of the century - She couldn’t find a taxi so she took the Eighth Avenue subway uptown In some other cities, especially Paris, the underground railway is called the metro - I travelled south on the Metro - the Moscow metro system - a new metro system is being built in HCM City • In both British and American English, a subway is also a path for pedestrians under a busy road under, underneath, below, beneath If something is under, underneath, below, or beneath another thing, it is in a lower position than the other thing You use under or underneath when you can imagine a straight vertical line joining the two things, or when one thing covers the other - Did you put some newspapers under that clock? - We squeezed under the wire and into the garden - The space under the bed was suffocating - To help you with this, put a cushion underneath you - Now the spider’s underneath your dress Below is usually used to say that one thing is at a much lower level than another - She would ring later to get the phone number in the call box below their flat - Below the house the beach is long and shelving - Down below in the valley the chimneys were smoking Beneath has a similar meaning to under or below, but it is used mainly in writing - …the warm and sluggish river flowing past the Embankment beneath his window - They searched everywhere, in the cupboards, under the carpets, beneath floorboards and mattresses, even in the bathroom and kitchen - Far beneath them, the trees of theforest sighed in the breeze [See “above’, ‘over’, the opposites] …to be continued Thẩm Tâm Vy, September 02, 2020 ENGLISH CONFUSABLE WORDS 12 DeThi.edu.vn (3)