Cách dùng: được dùng khi nói về điều gì đó đã được chứng minh rõ ràng, được soi sáng Ví dụ: “In light of the evidence from the 2013 study, we have a better understanding of…”. 28[r]
(1)40 CỤM TỪ HỮU DỤNG TRONG VIẾT VĂN TIẾNG ANH
1 In order to
Cách dùng: “In order to” sử dụng để nói mục đích cần phải đạt
Ví dụ: “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.”
2 In other words
Cách dùng: sử dụng “in other words”khi bạn muốn diễn tả điều theo cách khác đơn giản hơn, làm người đọc dễ hiểu
Ví dụ: “Frogs are amphibians In other words, they live on the land and in the water.”
3 To put it another way
Cách dùng: cụm từ cách nói khác “in other words
Ví dụ: “Plants rely on photosynthesis To put it another way, they will die without the sun.”
4 That is to say
Cách dùng: “That is” “that is to say” sử dụng để cung cấp thêm thông tin chi tiết, làm rõ ý muốn nói
Ví dụ: “Whales are mammals That is to say, they must breathe air.”
5 To that end
Cách dùng: “to that end” “to this end” dùng tương tự “in order to” “so”
(2)6 Moreover
Cách dùng: sử dụng “moreover” đầu câu để báo hiệu bạn muốn thêm thông tin cho quan điểm
Ví dụ: “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling evidence in support of…”
7 Furthermore
Cách dùng: giống “moreover”
Ví dụ: “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…”
8 What’s more
Cách dùng: giống “moreover” “furthermore”
Ví dụ: “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this hypothesis.”
9 Likewise
Cách dùng: dùng “likewise” bạn muốn nói điều tương tự điều bạn vừa đề cập
Ví dụ: “Scholar A believes X Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in favour of this point of view.”
10 Similarly
Cách dùng: dùng “similarly” giống “likewise”
Ví dụ: “Audiences at the time reacted with shock to Beethoven’s new work, because it was very different to what they were used to Similarly, we have a tendency to react with surprise to the unfamiliar.”
(3)Cách dùng: dùng cụm “another key point to remember” “another key fact to remember” để thay cho từ “also”
Ví dụ: “As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and nature Another key point to remember is that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.”
12 As well as
Cách dùng: dùng “as well as” thay “also” “and”
Ví dụ: “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.”
13 Not only… but also
Cách dùng: cấu trúc câu dùng để thêm phần thông tin, thông thường điều gây ngạc nhiên, bất ngờ phần thông tin phần trước
Ví dụ: “Not only did Edmund Hillary have the honour of being the first to reach the summit of Everest, but he was also appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire.”
14 Coupled with
Cách dùng: sử dụng cân nhắc nhiều ý kiến thời điểm
Ví dụ: “Coupled with the literary evidence, the statistics paint a compelling view of…”
15 Firstly, secondly, thirdly…
Cách dùng: Dùng để đề cập đến ý cần nói theo thứ tự
(4)16 Not to mention/to say nothing of
Cách dùng: “Not to mention” “to say nothing of” dùng để thêm thơng tin với ý nhấn mạnh
Ví dụ: “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on the country’s economy.”
17 However
Cách dùng: dùng “however”để nói điều trái ngược lại với ý phía trước Ví dụ: “Scholar A thinks this However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion.”
18 On the other hand
Cách dùng: Cách dùng tương tự “however”
Ví dụ: “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.”
19 Having said that
Cách dùng: giống “on the other hand” or “but” or “however”
Ví dụ: “The historians are unanimous in telling us X, an agreement that suggests that this version of events must be an accurate account Having said that, the archaeology tells a different story.”
20 By contrast/in comparison
Cách dùng: dùng “by contrast” “in comparison” bạn so sánh thứ đối ngược
(5)B’s opinion seems more plausible.”
21 Then again
Cách dùng: dùng để nhấn mạnh, khẳng định lại chắn lần điều khẳng định trước
Ví dụ: “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened Then again, it’s possible that he was being paid to say this.”
22 That said
Cách dùng: dùng giống “then again”
Ví dụ: “The evidence ostensibly appears to point to this conclusion That said, much of the evidence is unreliable at best.”
23 Yet
Cách dùng: dùng bạn muốn nói ý kiến trái ngược
Ví dụ: “Much of scholarship has focused on this evidence Yet not everyone agrees that this is the most important aspect of the situation.”
24 Despite this
Cách dùng: “despite this” “in spite of this” có nghĩa “mặc dù, cho dù, rằng”
Ví dụ: “The sample size was small, but the results were important despite this.”
25 With this in mind
Cách dùng: dùng bạn muốn người đọc tự vận dụng kiến thức cá nhân để hiểu vấn đề
(6)which makes it difficult to draw definite conclusions With this in mind, let’s look at a more recent study to see how the results compare.”
26 Provided that
Cách dùng: có nghĩa tương tự “on condition that” (với điều kiện là) Bạn có thể sử dụng “providing” với ý nghĩa tương tự
Ví dụ: “We may use this as evidence to support our argument, provided that we bear in mind the limitations of the methods used to obtain it.”
27 In view of/in light of
Cách dùng: dùng nói điều chứng minh rõ ràng, soi sáng Ví dụ: “In light of the evidence from the 2013 study, we have a better understanding of…”
28 Nonetheless
Cách dùng: tuwogn tự “despite this”
Ví dụ: “The study had its limitations, but it was nonetheless groundbreaking for its day.”
29 Nevertheless
Cách dùng: tương tự “nonetheless”
Ví dụ: “The study was flawed, but it was important nevertheless.”
30 Notwithstanding
Cách dùng: cách nói khác “nonetheless”
(7)31 For instance
Cách dùng: giống “for example”
Ví dụ: “Some birds migrate to avoid harsher winter climates Swallows, for instance, leave the UK in early winter and fly south…”
32 To give an illustration
Cách dùng: giống “for instance”
Ví dụ: “To give an illustration of what I mean, let’s look at the case of…”
33 Significantly
Cách dùng: dùng để nói điều có ý nghĩa đặc biệt, nhấn mạnh Ví dụ: “Significantly, Tacitus omits to tell us the kind of gossip prevalent in Suetonius’ accounts of the same period.”
34 Notably
Cách dùng: tương tự “especially, markedly”
Ví dụ: “Actual figures are notably absent from Scholar A’s analysis.”
35 Importantly
Cách dùng: “importantly” thay cho “significantly” mà không làm thay đổi ý câu
Ví dụ: “Importantly, Scholar A was being employed by X when he wrote this work, and was presumably therefore under pressure to portray the situation more favourably than he perhaps might otherwise have done.”
36 In conclusion
Cách dùng: tổng kết lại toàn bài, đứng đầu câu
(8)37 Above all
Cách dùng: dùng để báo hiệu mà bạn nói sau ý tồn
Ví dụ: “Above all, it seems pertinent to remember that…”
38 Persuasive
Cách dùng: dùng để tổng kết lại tranh luận mà bạn tin có sức thuyết phục Ví dụ: “Scholar A’s point – that Constanze Mozart was motivated by financial gain – seems to me to be the most persuasive argument for her actions following Mozart’s death.”
39 Compelling
Cách dùng: tuowgn tự “persuasive”
Ví dụ: “The most compelling argument is presented by Scholar A.”
40 All things considered
Cách dùng: có nghĩa “taking everything into account”: thứ rõ ràng, lẽ đương nhiên