Nhd d cdng nhdn ludn Id vdn di Idn cda chinh sdch an sinh xd hdi, viic gidi quyit tdt bdi todn nhd d cdng nhdn khdng nhdng gdp phdn thuc ddy viic an cU, Igc nghiip cda hdng triiu lao d[r]
(1)> » » D^UTUTAICHINH
G(f\ Y CHINH SACH CHO Vl|C PHAT TRIEN NHA d CONG NHAN
TS Nguyin Ngoc Vinh Trudng DH Kinh ti TP.HCM
Nhd d cdng nhdn ludn Id vdn di Idn cda chinh sdch an sinh xd hdi, viic gidi quyit tdt bdi todn nhd d cdng nhdn khdng nhdng gdp phdn thuc ddy viic an cU, Igc nghiip cda hdng triiu lao ddng md cdn thi hiin tinh cdng bdng xd hdi, ddp lgi sU cdng hiin vd tdn gdp sdc vdo cdng cude xdy dUng ddt nUdc cda giai cdp cdng nhdn Tuy nhiin viic phdt triin nhd d cdng nhdn d nUdc ta cdc ndm qua vdn cdn nhiiu bdt cdp thi hiin qua viic khu cdng nghiip ngdy cdng tdng, nhu cdu sd dung lao ddng Idn nhung nhd d cdng nhdn vdn khiim tdn bdt nhip cdng sU phdt triin chung cda ngdnh cdng nghiip vd dich vu Rdt nhiiu dU dn nhd d cdng nhdn dugc ddng ky nhUng din sd lugng du dn hodn thdnh vd dang tiip tuc thUc hien chi chiim khodng 30% Nguyin nhdn dugc phdn tich bdi viit tU viic thiiu ngudn vdn vd ki hogch phdt triin nhd d cdng nhdn chUa ddng bd TU cdc phdn tich vd nghiin cdu vi vdn di trin, tdc gid dd di xudt hai nhdm chinh sdch bao gdm 12 muc nhdm gdp phdn gidi quyit bdi todn nhd d cdng nhdn, tgo diiu kiin cho cdng nhdn nUdc ta cd cude sdng ngdy mgt tdt han TH khda: nhd d cdng nhdn, dU dn, chinh sdch
Dat van de
Chien lugc phdt trien kinh td xa hgi dd'n ndm 2020 la nUdc ta ca bin nUdc cdng nghifp theo hudng hifn dai, dieu da khing dinh sft phdt triln manh me cua nganh cdng nghifp tuang lai Song hinh vdi sft phit trien dd phai ke dd'n sU ddng gdp thim ldng vi ding tran trgng cua lUc lugng cdng nhin, nhftng ngudi ngiy dem lao dgng cat lUc nhim tao cic san phlm hing hda dip ftng nhu clu tidu dung nUdc va xuat khau, phuc vu cho sU phit triln chung cua ndn kinh td nUdc nha Mdc du cd sU quan tim cua ca quan quin ly trung Ucfng chinh sdch midn giam thud gid tri gia ting, thud thu nhap doanh nghifp va ho trg lip du in, cdn chinh quyln dia phuang cung nhU cic doanh nghifp
sft dung lao dfng da tich cue vifc dang ky thUc hifn ri't nhilu dft i n n h i d cdng nhin, nhung thftc td cdng tic an sinh xa hfi lidn quan dd'n nai dn, chdn d cua Iftc lugng cdng nhin hien van cdn nhilu vi'n de d n sdm cai thi$n, nhim mang lai sU dn dinh cufc sdng vi tdng budc ning cao ddi sdng vft chit, tinh than ciia cdng nhin xftng ding vdi nhCdig ddng gdp ma ho d i va dang gdp phln phit tridn dl't nUdc
Nhu c l u nha d cdng n h i n
Vift Nam dang qui trinh cdng nghifp hda, td'c df ting trudng gii tri san xult cdng nghi§p tdng nhanh tft 988.540 ty ddng nim 2005 Idn 2.573.857 ty ddng vio n i m 2010 vdi t^ If tang trudng binh quin 15% nam (Bing 1)
B i n g 1: Gia tri s i n xui't cdng nghifp Vift Nam giai doan 2005 - 2010
Ndi dung Gid tri san suit cdng nghiep (ty ddng)
2005 988.540
2006 1.199.139
2007 1.466.480
2008 1.903.128
2009 2.298.086
2010 2.573.857
Ngudn: Tdng hgp td sd Hiu cda Tdng cue Thdng ki (2011)
(2)DAU Tl/TAI CHiNH < « «
Ca nudc hifn cd 260 khu cdng nghifp va khdc, dd cd trdn 50% cd nhu clu thud khu chd xua't tai 57 t i n h t h a n h , dd cd n h a d Tai cdc t h a n h phd Idn thi ty If cd nhu 173 khu cdng nghifp va khu chd x u l t da va c l u thud n h i cao ban vi cdc khu cdng nghiep dang boat dgng Sft dung 71.394 dat, thudng n a m d ngoai t h i n h
dd difn tich dat cdng nghifp cho thud khodng
46.000 Thu hut ban 4000 dU an d i u tu nUdc Sd lifu thdng ke tft 2009-2015 c i c dia phuang ngoai vdi sd vd'n ddng ky khoang 53,6 ty USD dang ky 110 dU i n n h i d cdng n h i n vdi tdng va 4700 du dn nudc vdi tdng sd vd'n ddng vd'n d i u tU trdn 25 n g i n ty ddng (trong dd ky la 336.000 ty ddng (Bd X i y dftng, 2011) vd'n doanh nghifp chidm 95,6% p h l n cdn lai 4,4% vd'n n g i n sdch dia phuang ddm n h i n ) Song hanh vdi sft phdt trien cdc khu cdng nghiep, dU kid'n x i y dUng khoang trifu m^ s i n n h i luc lugng cdng nhan, quy md dien tich d i t cdng d ddp ftng nhu clu cho 690.000 cdng n h i n nghifp v i nhu clu v l n h i d cdng n h i n cung se NhUng thUc te chi cd 24 dU dn (23,6%) da dugc tang ddng ke t h i p nien tdi (Bdng 2) khdi cdng vdi tdng sd vdn d i u tU khodng 2600
B i n g 2: B i n g t o n g hcfp duT b a o vi s o IvCdng, d i f n t i c h d i t c d n g n g h i f p v a d i f n t i c h
s a n n h a d c o n g n h i n g i a i d o a n 2011 - 2020
Ndi dung So lugng cdng n h d n dU t i n h (trieu)
Trong dd sd lugng cdng n h a n c i n thue nhd d (trieu)
Dien tich s a n xay dUng n h a d phuc vu nhu cau thue, d (trieu m^ ) Quy md dien tich d a t cdng nghiep (ha)
2011 1,6 1,12
2015 2,65 21,2 65.000
2020 4,2 33,6 80.000
Nguon: Tdng hgp cda tdc gid td cdc bdo cdo cua Bd Xdy dUng, Bd Thuang binh vd Xd hdi, Bg Tdi chinh 10/2011
So lugng cdng n h a n dft bao se tang len ty ddng (10,2%) n h i m xay dUng 753.000m2 s i n danh cho khoang 125.000 cdng n h a n cd chd d Cho dd'n thdi diem cudi 2011 sd 24 dU an trdn chi cd dU an da hoan t h a n h dUa vao sft dung (Bd Tai chinh, 2011) (Bang 3)
nam tdi 3,75 l l n nen difn tich nha d cho cdng n h i n cung phai tdng vdi cung ty If tuang xftng H i f n t r a n g c u n g ufng n h a d c d n g n h a n v a n g u y d n n h a n
Mac du Chinh phu cd chinh sdch Uu dai vd Theo khao s a t cua Bd Xay dUng thi khoang thud s u i t va m i l n , giam tidn sft dung dat, tidn 70% sd' lugng cdng n h a n ddn tft cdc t i n h t h a n h thud d i t dd'i vdi cac dU an n h a d cdng n h a n B i n g : T o n g k e ' t q u y m o di^ a n , v o n , d i f n t i c h v a s o IvLdrxg c o n g n h i n dri k i e ' n c o
k h i n a n g bd' t r i c h d d g i a i d o a n 2009 - 2015
Npi dung
So' du dn d a n g ky Sd du a n da tridn k h a i (ddn cudi n a m 2011) Sd' du a n da dUa vao sft dung (nam 2011)
P h a n bd:
Tp Hd Chl M i n h Tp H a Ndi
Sd duan
110 110 24
9
8
Vdn (ty ddng)
25.554 25.554 2600
Dien tich san xay dung n h a d (m^)
6.039.898 6.039.898 753.000 200.000
Sd lugng cong n h a n dU kien p h a n bd (ngUdi)
960.264 960.264 125.000 27.000
Nguon: Cue Qudn IS Cdng sdn - Bd Tdi chinh 10/2011
cdngnghf ngdn Hdng
I I P I (3)> » » DAU Tl/TAI CHiNH
v i nhu clu n h i d thi r l t Idn, sd lugng dft xiy dftng kd hoach phdt tridn, cd hai vln dl dn ding ky xiy dUng thi nhilu nhUng vice n i y dang gip r l t nhilu trd ngai d i n ddn cdc tridn khai nhd d cdng n h i n d i khdng dat dU dn chim tridn khai Trdn quan didm cdng nhu mong dgi Dieu n i y dugc ly gidi nhU sau: bing xa hfi thi lUc lugng cdng n h i n cd nhdng (i) Trong tinh hinh kinh td nifdc ta hi(>n ddng gdp true tidp cho sft p h i t t r i l n kinh t^ doanh nghifp gip nhidu khd khdn, kd't hgp nhUng cd thu n h i p han chd v i cdc dft i n xSy lai sui't cho vay cao viy vifc xdy dUng n h i d cdng n h i n cd suit sinh lgi t h i p khdng cdc khu n h i d cho cdng n h i n khd cd thd tim cd tinh h i p d i n dd'i vdi cdc n h i diu tU, v&y dugc ngudn vd'n cho du dn; (ii) Chinh sdch vifc nhd nUdc quan t i m nhidu han vi$c t h i t chat tidn tf v i ban chd cho vay cdc linh hd trg cho cdc dft dn n h i d cdng n h i n so vtfi vUc phi s i n xult, dan ddn ngudn vdn tdi trg cdc dU dn nhd d thuang mai l i hgp tinh hop cdc dft dn can d i n v i khd cd thd tridn khai; 15^ Tft ca sd dd tdc gid ggi y mft sd chinh sich (iii) Cdng tdc quy hoach cua ta cdn chim v i nhim thdo gd nhftng vUdng mic hifn cd tao thudng dilu chinh cho phu hgp vdi quy hoach dilu kifn cho sU phdt trien n h i d cdng nhin chung l i m cho vifc tridn khai dU an n h i a tai cdc khu cdng nghifp, khu chd xui't Cicdl cdng n h i n chim tien dg thUc bifn; (iv) Vifc xult bao gdm nhftng nfi dung sau:
thuc bifn du i n n h i d cdng n h i n cung bi
vUdng thu tuc diu tU nhidu khd Nhd diu Thiit nhd't, tao ngudn vd'n cho sU phit trien tu mi't ri't nhidu cdng sftc, thdi gian va vd'n va giam bdt dp lUc t i i chinh cho chu diu tiT de tu lap v i di'u t h l u du dn giai phdng mdt dU dn:
bang tao quy d i t sach sU h i p d i n
dIu tu vao du an nha d cdng nhan thi khdng Md rgng chinh sdch cho vay dd'i vdi cac dif Idn (suit sinh lgi tha'p), thdi gian thu hdi vd'n dn phdt trien nha d cdng n h i n tai cac khu chim (tft 20 - 30 ndm), rui ro cao cdng nghifp, khu chd' xui't, nhdm cung cap ngudn vd'n cin thie't bd trg doanh nghifp thifc Sd' lieu thd'ng kd cho thi'y khu cdng nghifp hifn cic dU In
hien difn tren 57 tinh nhifng dU dn
n h i d cho cdng nhan hifn chi cd tai Tp Giim mft p h l n tidn sft dung d i t ddi vdi cic Hd Chi Minh va H i Ndi (Bang 3) dieu dft dn nha d cdng n h i n gdp p h l n giim bdt ddng nghia r i n g chinh quyen dia phuang "lUc gdnh ndng t i i chinh cho cdc doanh nghidp bat tdng tim" vifc trien khai dft dn vd ldm dU dn
ngUdi lao ddng cdc khu cdng nghifp va
khu che' xui't chu yeu tU xoay xd dd tim chd Tiep tuc thUc hifn cic chinh sdch UU dii vl d ben ngoai khu cdng nghifp Hg sdng thud' thu n h i p v i thud' gii tri gia ting, tien didu kifn chit hep ve khdng gian sinh hoat v i thud d i t dd'i vdi cic dft i n nha d cdng nhin thid'u thdn vl t i n g xa hgi nhU cdng vien,
n h i tre, s i n vin ddng, n h i vdn hda, chg, N h i m da dang hda cic kdnh huy dgng tao bfnh vifn, trUdng hgc la nhftng nhu clu td'i ngudn vd'n t i i trg cho cdc dU an nha d cdng thieu nham cin bing cdng vifc v i nghi ngai n h i n e l n nghien cftu v i tridn khai md hinh cufc sdng quy tin t h i c bl't dfng san va xiy dUng cd che khuyd'n khich cho cic quy diu tU khic
Mft so' d l xui't n h i m p h i t trien nha d tham gia t i i trg dft an cdng n h i n
(4)DAU Tl/TAI CHiNH < « «
Nghidn cftu x i y dung quy phdt tridn n h a d phdt tridn t i n g v l vifc q u i n ly va x i y n h a cdng n h i n n h a m tao ngudn vd'n tai trg cho cdc d cho cdng n h i n
du an, sU ddng gdp ciia cdc doanh nghifp
(sft dung lao ddng cac khu cdng nghifp, Sdm ban b i n h cdc quy dinh, tieu c h u l n v l khu chd x u l t ) va cac cdng n h a n Dilu ndy the chi't lugng vd dilu kien sinh hoat tai cdc khu hifn t i n h cdng ddng vi cd sft chung tay gdp sftc n h i d cdng n h i n , n h i m tao cdc c h u l n mftc ca tft cac ben cd lien quan, ddng thdi the hifn bdn ddm bdo cho c h i t lugng cufc sdng v i sinh trach n h i f m xa hdi cua cdc doanh nghifp boat td'i thidu ciia ngUdi lao ddng
Thvt hai, x i y dftng ke hoach phdt tridn: Nghien cftu vd phdt tridn cdng nghf xay dftng
mdi nhu cdng nghf n h i l i p ghdp v i v i t lifu x i y Chinh quydn dia phuang va ban q u i n ly khu dUng nhe cd gid t h i n h rd sft dung nguyen cdng nghifp c i n cd chinh sdch phdt t r i e n quy lieu sdn cd nUdc nhu rcfm, triu n h i m giim dat dd x i y dftng n h i d cdng n h i n phu hgp vdi gid thdnh vd tdng nhanh tidn df x i y dftng, gdp kd hoach phdt tridn kinh td xa hfi trdn dia p h l n hd trg tich cftc cho vide x i y dftng n h i d ban quan ly ndi chung vd n h i d cdng n h i n ndi ridng
R i s o i t giam bdt cdc thu tuc h a n h chinh lidn Kd't lu^in quan dd'n d i u tU dft dn n h a d cdng n h i n , g i i m
bdt thdi gian lam thu tuc, giam bdt chi phi Nha d cdng n h i n chinh la khdng gian, didu vd'n gdp p h l n thftc d l y vifc xa hdi hda kifn de hinh t h a n h n h a n thftc vdn hda, nd'p ke' hoach p h a t tridn sdng sinh boat cua mdi cdng n h a n , nhftng
ngUdi da va dang ddm ddng gdp cdng Ban h a n h cac quy che' r a n g bufc cac doanh sftc cho sft p h a t tridn dat nUdc, hg xftng dang nghifp phai cam ke't mftc gia cho thud, gid dugc sdng va nghi ngai cac didu kifn ban, bieu gia phi cdc dich vu dd'i vdi cdc du sinh hoat phu hgp vdi cac chuan mUc chung an n h a d cdng n h a n n h a m dam bao cac lgi cua cdng ddng N h a m giai quye't van dd n h a ich cua ngudi cdng n h a n va phu hgp vdi chinh d cdng n h i n c i n cd nhftng giai phdp ddng bf sdch UU dai cua n h i nUdc ma hg da tid'p n h a n tft cdc ca che', chinh sach bd sung nhu quy
hoach, ngudn vd'n, ca chd' ifu dai va c i n cd sU Xay dung cac ehd' t a i cu t h e quy dinh trach chung tay gdp sftc cua cdng ddng, dac bift la nhifm cua chinh quydn dia phuang, nghia vu cac doanh nghifp sft dung lao ddng n h a m tao va quydn lgi cua cdc doanh nghifp sft dung lao didu kifn cho cdng n h a n nUdc ta cd cugc sdng dfng khu cdng nghifp va doanh nghifp mdt td't b a n '
T a i l i f u t h a m k h i o
1 Bd Tdi chinh (2011) Bdo cdo cda Ciic qudn ly Cdng sdn vi gidi phdp tdi chinh ddt dai nhdm khuyin khich xdy dUng nhd d cho cdng nhdn lao ddng tai khu cdng nghiip, khu chi xudt
2 Bd Thuang binh vd Xd hdi (2011) Bdo cdo vi nhd d cdng nhdn nhu cdu vd thUc tien 3 Bd Xdy dung (2011) Bdo cdo vi nhd d cdng nhdn thUc trang vd gidi phdp
4 Quyit dinh 96/2009/QD-TTg ngdy 22/7/2009 cda Thd tUdng Chinh phd sda ddi, bd sung mdt sd diiu cda Quyit dinh 65/2009/QD-TTg ngdy 24/4/2009 vd Quyit dinh 67/2009/QD-TTg cda Thd tUdng Chinh phd ban hdnh mdt sd ca chi, Mnh sdch phdt triin nhd d cho ngddi cd thu nhdp thdp tai khu vUc dd thi
5 Tdng cue Thdng ki (2011) Gid tri sdn xudt cdng nghiip http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspxUabid=431&idmid=3
http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspxUabid=431&idmid=3