Theo sy diiu tra ciia chiing toi th) mdt ntii phia ddng vd phia bde vdch dd dyng ddng, khdng ci ddu vlt ciia ddm d i v i d i cd roi xudng. Mdt phia tay nam cua ndi hinh vdng cung, q[r]
(1)KHAI QUAT C N G TRl/dNG KHAI THAC DA XAY D^TNG THANH NHA H 6 NUI AN T N
T R A N ANH D l l N C ' , LUI) V A N P H O " , NGUVfeN V A N L O N G " '
1 hdng 7/ 2011, chi it ngiy sau Thinh N h i Hd dupc c6ng nhin l i Di sdn Thi gidi, mpt dpt khio sit ngdn ngiy dng Nguyin Vdn Long, cin bd Trung tdm Bio tdn Di sdn Thinh N h i Hd (TTBTDSTNH) cQng m^t sd edn bd khic d i phit hi|n c6ng tiardng khai thic d i t^i ndi An Tdn Ha (cdn gpi la mii Phd Luu) T?i khu vyc mjt mil phia tdy bac da phit hi|n dupc 26 phien d i dupc chi tde vudng thinh sic c ^ h , c i c mdt d i dlu cd cic dlu vlt gia edng E)e lim rd hon tlnh ehdt ciia cdng tivdng, tiling 11/2011, Trung tim B i o tdn Di sin Thinh N h i Hd v i Vi|n Khio cd hpc tiin hinh khai qudt cdng tnrdng khai tilde dd mii An Tdn tiieo quyit djnh sd 2476/QD - Bd VH-TT&DL
Nui An Tdn nam d phia tdy ciia x i VTnh Yin, huy|n VTnh Ldc, tinh Thanh Hda, cdeh edng Tdy Thanh Nhi Ho v l phia tiy b i c l,Skm theo dudng chim bay Niii An Ton cd hai diy d i vdi ch^y song song v i edch khodng 200m D i y mii phia nam - An Tdn Thupng, tai day ndy cd Hang Tugmg (nay dd bj phi) Theo sy diiu tra ciia chiing toi th) mdt ntii phia ddng vd phia bde vdch dd dyng ddng, khdng ci ddu vlt ciia ddm d i v i d i cd roi xudng Hi|n t^i, xung quanh chdn mii l i n h i din
Ddy phia b i c dupc gpi bang k h i nhiiu tin: An Tdn H?, nui Phii Luu, mii ChOa, mii Don Mdt phia tay nam cua ndi hinh vdng cung, quay cdnh ddng bing phdng vd sdng Md
Dpt khai qudt chiing tdi md hd khai qudt v i m^t hd kilm tra dja tSng vdi tdng di|n tich la 3S5m' Cd hd dlu ndm d chin niii phia bde cua ddy An Tdn Ha
1 Ket qud khai qu$t h d i
Cd di|n tieh 162 m^ sit dudng ven mii An Tdn Dja tdng eua hd tucmg ddi don gidn vd chi ed nh^t I t^ng vdn hda
Tdng vdn hda (dd sdu 0,1m- 0,20m) l i ldp d i t sit ving nh^t cd nhiiu d i ddm, dupc sii: dyng nhu li mdt lo?i vdt li|u xdy dyng Chung dupc kit hpp vdi sit d l tgo thinh nin kiln tnie
Trin m$t bdng cua ldp bat d ^ xudt hi§n sit ving - vlt tieh cua nin kiln tnic v i cic minh d i dim cd, cie eye dd vdi nhd ed ldp patin diy, vdi nhOng hlnh tiiii khde tdp tiimg thdnh cym Nhiing ldp dd ddm dupc rii d l u trin v i dudi c i c Idp sit cdng 13 ting d i ldn nam d khu vyc gitta hd Ngoii ed ting khic d gde phia tay
(2)Khd» cdhgc, sd2/2012
Cflng d bl mdt eila ldp edn phdt hi|n dupe*m0t sd minh gdm men, sinh, minh diu dao thdi Trdn - Hd Ngoii ra, d khu vyc giip hd dd rdc edn phii hi|n dupc minh gdm men thdi Ll
a Di lleh nin kiin tnic
Todn bd mdt bang ciia hd I Id phin cdn l9i ciia mdt di tich kiln b^c, nin kiln tiiic dang b) phd hay d tiidi hi|n dii Nin kiln tiiic dupe lim td sit ving vd mdnh di ddm ed dupc dim ky, vdi Idp di ddm Ddy li mdt nin nhd tuong ddi rdng Vdi di|n tich khai qu(lt cdn hfp, cCing vdi nhthig khd khin ede hd ddo liy ddt vi phdn ddt mi ngirdi ddn dang canh tic khiln chiing tdi khdng till xic djnh chlnh xic kich tiiudc ciia nin kiln tnJc Tuy nhiSn qua ddu vlt cOa Idp ddm cd d dudi cdng vd ldp sit vdng dip d trfin v3n edn tiip tyc an vl ci hudng ciia vdch hd, chOng tfli ehi cd ^k xic djnh dupc ddy li mdt nin nhd ldn hon nhiiu so vdi di|n tich 162m' cua hd khai qu^t
Trin binh di|n vi trdc di|n ciia hd xudt Id hai ldp dd ddm vi ldp ddt sit nhu sau: + Cdc ldp di darn ed:
Ldp di dim dudi cung ndm trfin ldp sit sinh thd, dupc su dyng nhu mdt logi vdt li|u xdy dyng Ngudi ta da tdn dyng nhiing minh ddm nhd Id chii ylu li dl ddm tgo m^t phdng ldm nin nhd, bin trin Idp ddm ndy Id ldp ddt sit ving, ddy mjn, thudn
Ldp dd ddm trin cdng: chu ylu li ldp ddm cd kich thudc nhd Tuy nhiin ngirdi ta eOng sii dyng dim vi minh dd cd kfch thudc ldn hon dl ddm tgo nin nhi,
+ Cie ldp ddt sit: Tinh theo tiiiir ty td dudi lln trin, dudi ciing Id nin ddt nguyen thd, sit ving dang qui trinh laterite hda, nen sit lln nhiiu hgt sdi son nhd U li Diy li nin dat kfii vihig chdc, nin ddt niy td dau dd khdng bdng phdng, nen d gde phia tiy nam dd dupc gia cd thim di phien cd kich thudc tuong ddi ldn vi dd ddm dl tgo mdt bdng
- Ldp dat sit (dudi cung): Bin trin nin ddt gdc ngudi ta vSn can thdn dd Mp ddt sit ving min, tiiudn, diy td 0,27m - 0,28m Trfin \dp sit I li ldp di dim (Idp dim dudi cimg) dupc ddm k^ vd rdt phdng Ldp ddm dudi ciing bdt ddu tir dd sdu 2,02m - 2,03m so vdi code
Chung toi da cit mpt sd dogn dl quan sit ldp dat sit dirdi ciing vd thdy chiing khong hi lan di dim, bat dau tir dp siu thdp hon 2,3m so vdi code
- Ldp sit (Idp sit d gida): d dd sSu 2m so vdi code Ldp ndy bj dio xdi nfin rdt khd xdc dfnh dupc dp diy Phan cdn lgi, chi dupc tir 0,1m • 0,lSm Bi m$t ciia ldp ddt sit 2, cQng bj dio xdi nin bj lln mdt sd minh di ddm khic Tuy nhiin cdn cir vio ddy cua ldp ddm dii d ben trin, cd thi xie djnh ddy li tdp sit khd ddy
Ldp sei (Idp sit d tiin cOng): d dd siu l,7m - 1,73m so vdi code 0, bl mjit tuong ddi phdng, nhung d gde tdy nam cd hd dio hlnh chd nhdt, sau dd dupc san ldp dl trdng Itia Hi|n tgi vSn cdn ddu vlt dit sIm miu hem
b Cdc khdi dd ndm trin nin kiin tnic
Trin bi m$t eda ldp sit (idp sll trin ciing), cd 15 tdng di nguyin li|u, dam di kich tiiudc Idn da dupc bde tich tir cde tdng di ldn hon, vi khdi di dd dupc dio gpt hoin ehinh
(3)Tran Anh Pun;; va nnk - Khai quiit cong trmm}; khsii ihiic dii
Ngoai Iclioi L!;'I a goc don^ nam cua lio khai qu; khac nam xicn tlico hironi; dOnj; lav
,•, flini ui! * IliciivailhiTi iiii ( l l i e k y \ l l l - X l \ )
Hien vii ihdi Trail - Wo lliii duac a ho khai qual gom co manh trang tri kien true, manh sanh vii hang van manli druii da
+ DC-, sanh co ^S lucn v4t, nhan ro iiiol Inn sanh bl vo \ a niaidi nap vung
- Lon sanh- chi I phan nhung van dii chieu eao mau xam xanh tumig doi mong mjn, vanh mi|ng kieu cap ro b(;l, ban mieng ben thang, rpng
kiioi da \u6ng virc hinh chir nhat
Di lull nen kien li
va chdm khoi than Giira than va mi|ng ben ngoai co dudng 16m long mang nhe, day hcri choai Dudi long day co vet cat niiam nha Long lon de lai nhieu vet cao sira, duong kinh mieng 16cm; ducmg kinh
16cm; cao 11,5cm
I f tri Liia cdc laiin khoi vii dam dd Irin bi m^l nSn Icien tr&c Cac klifii dd c6 vei due vd die ic ilLAT.H2:0II
(4)Kl,ai,,„l„n so 212(112
^ m u
Ldp U dim ci ken diy (H3) Wa«A dd d&m c6 (hi H3) - Ndp vung: hipn vgt, deu bj vd, dlu Id nip vung rdt diin hinh, phd biln d tiidi Trin Ndp vung dupc chia lim logi;
Ndp vung kilu phu dd, bj mat mim, vd ngodi ndp vung cd mau xim xanh, dupc lam tii chat Ii|u sit
Ndp vung hinh ehdp ndn, ndm n^n tay, tdn bin ngoii cd hai tdng Ben ndp vung ed cic dudng cao sua, dinh ciia tdn ed dudng tidn dupc an 16m bdng tay
Cic minh sdnh va hit diu cd miu xim xanh, niu nhat hojc hdng nhat, dd miu xdml chilm ty 1| ldn Trong sd niy ed minh trang tri hoa vdn sdng nude, dudng chi ndi kit hpp du^ia vdn, dudng ehi chim
(5)Trin Anh Dung v i nnk - Khai quit cong Irudng khai thac da 91 + Dd ddt nung ddu dao ngdi bj vd chi edn Igi phdn mui, gdn gidng vdi lufti cdy mdt cit
ngang hlnh chfl V Mui dao cong, miu dd ggch, dupe lim tix sit ed iSn hgt sdi son, vi ngoii cd ldp phong hda Chilu dii cdn lgi 22cm, rdng nhdt 19cm, ddy than 2em Mgt ngoii ed sdng, hai ben thdnh mui dao vdt, mdi bin ti-ang tri hinh hoa li cich di|u Phong cdeh tiang tri gidng vdi nhthig ddu dao da phdt hi|n hi|n d Thinh Nhi Hd vi din Nam Giao
+ Dd d i gdm;
- Minh dd mii, bj vd nhd, miu nau nhgt, lim tir logi di cit kit, m^t mat cd vet mdi ldm Kieh thudc cdn tgi dii Scm, rdng 4cm, diy 1,5cm
- Manh di dim cd: Tgi hd da phit hi|n dupc hdng vgn manh di dam, song chiing tdi chi thu vl mdt sd minh dd dim tiiu bilu dl thdng kl kich tiiudc vi phin logi chung
Cdn cu va chiiu ddi cda minh dd dim, chiing tdi tgm chia dd ddm lim logi:
- Di dam kich tiiudc Idn: cd chilu dii tii 15cm tid lln, loai trung binh dii td lOem - 14,9cm, logi nhd dii dudi lOem
• Hiin vgt thdi Le + Gdm men: 10 minh, gdm:
- Dd gdm men thi ky XV - XVI: Cd minh dl bit, men ti-ing due, chan di ciip, tuong ddi cao, xuong gdm xdp, vinh di ego men, ve ldng, ldp men mdng, cd vlt rgn, dudng kinh dl 4cm - 6cm
- Dd gdm men thi ky XVII - XVIII; Cd minh men tring vg lam Hai minh vd khd nhd, rdt khd xic dinh logi hinh Minh cdn lgi Id dl ciia chile dTa diy thyt, thdnh loe ngi, gidt cdp, ve Idng, giifa ldng cd v5 lam nhgt hinh xoin dc, ldng phd men tring xanh, hiu hit thin bin ngodi khong dupc tring men
Cd manh (3 mdnh mi|ng, mdnh thdn) thudc loai gdm cd vinh mieng ngoii cd dudng chi lam, men tring dye, xuong gdm miu ndu Ddy Id mdnh eiia logi bdt "chi lam" Id Bat Trang sin xuit d thi ky XX
+ Dd sdnh; Dd sdnh till ky XV - XVI cd 18 manh, dd sinh thi ky XVII - XVIII ed mdnh, dlu li cua ci thi Day li minh cua Ip sinh, diy thdt, mau nau dd Ben cd nhiiu dudng vudt tay, khing dupc ego siht edn thin, di lgi nhiiu vet 15m siu
Nhihig manh dd sinh thdi Trdn - Hd tim dupc d hd I nim lln vdi cic minh di dim co Hi|n vat tiidi Ll nim trin bl mat Idp hoac d idp mdt, ddng ma ngudi ddn lim rudng vdt lln Nhihig manh gdm men thi ky XX tim thdy Idp ddt xdo trdn hd ric
Chinh vi sy cd mit ciia nhimg manh dd dimg sinh hoat thdi Trdn - Hd nim dia tdng cd chiia nhihig manh ddm di ed nin cd thi kit ludn nhihig manh di ddm cd niy cd nien dgi tiidi Trin - Hd Vi minh di mii, ddy li logi dd gidng nhu dd cung loai vdn thudng phdt hi|n dupc d tiidi Ly - Trin D6i vdi edng trudng khai tiiic di flii vipc cd nhihig di mdi dl mil dyng ey de dye di tiiuimg li rdt phd biin Ket qui khai qugt ho
Hd hinh chtt nh§t, di|n tieh 94,5m^ (13,5m x 7m), nim d khoang giCia ciia chin nui cua ddy An Tdn Ha, vich phia bde cich chin nui 18m, phia nam giip dudng di dudi chin nui vi cinh dong tidng rau miu (tiiung Thing Hio)
(6)Khdo cdhgc, sd2/2012
sd khdi di gdc (khdi sd 16, 17 22, 23 24), mdt sd khdi di dupc chi tic hoin ehinh (khdi 1, 2, 3, 4), ngodi cdn ed mdt sd khdi dd mdi d gdc phfa ddng ngudi din nd phd di lim dd xudng
Tdm lgi ddy Id hd cd dja hlnh khd phire tgp vdi nhiiu d$ cao khic Dilm ding chd •jfliv] trf ciia hd ndm sdt vdi chdn ngpn niii Gdm noi md ngudi ta khai thic di cich ddy khdng liu Chfnh vl vdy trin bi m(lt cQa hd cdn cd ldp di ddm vyn vi mdt sd ting di mdi dd xudng Ldp di ddm hi|n dgi vi cd dgi mpc bin trin ddy trung binh tir 0,1 m - 0,15m
+ Ldp mjlt: (dd sdu Om - O.lm): Diy trung binh 0,!m - 0,l5m, dd ddy eing ldn hon vi phfa vich mli Ldp mdt chil ylu Id di ddm hi|n dgi, ddt mtin, xdp vd miu niu den, cimg vdi nhiiu gdc cdy dgi Do qud trinh miic ddt lln, dd ldm xudt l<k ddt ldn It minh dim cd nhung sd lupng khdng nhiiu Ldp ddm mdi chit ylu d dgng eu ddu, khdng cd ldp patin
+ Ldp I (Ddy trung binh tir 0,1m-0,1 Sm): Ddsdu ciia ldp d gdc phia bde cao hon 1,47m, so vdi Code gii djnh; gdc phfa nam thdp hon 0,87m, d gde phia ddng thdp hon 1,25m, gdc tdy cao hon 1,14m Do phii bio tdn di tich, chdng tdi chi dio xudt Id ^ dd dam vd cdc khdi vi ting di cd nin chi dimg lgi d bl m^t eiia ldp Tuy nhiin di kilm tia dd diy ciia ldp di dim, chiing tdi da cdt mdt sd dogn cd ldp di ddm ed diy di kilm tra, trin eo sd Ipi dyng nhQng vich hd dio lay ddt cua ngudi din d bi mdt cua ldp da phdt hi|n dupe nhihig di vdt nhu sau:
- M$t sd minh gdm men, minh sinh, minh ggch ngdi, ddu vlt ciia nhihig dd ddng sinh hogt vi vdt li|u kiln tiTic tiidi Trdn - Hd
- Trong ldp ddt xdo trdn (ngodi ldp sit vdng dip nin) ,edn tim thdy mpt sd minh sdnh, minh dl bit tiiinh xiin, men tidng vl lam, sin phdm cQa Id Hpp Ll (thi k^ XVIII)
- 31 tdng dd, dd cd khdi dd cd dau vit chi tic cd, khdi di gdc, cdn Igi li nhOng khdi di mdi dupc ldn xudng qui trinh ngudi ta khai thic di thdi gian gdn ddy
- Do bi dio xdi, nin mdt bdng ciia Idp I ldi ISm, cd nhfhig ch3 tgo thinh hd siu hon Im Rdt nhieu minh di dim cd di bj idy di cung ddt, nhiin lupng di dim cdn lgi trin bi ni$t hd cung nhiiu, cd chd diy tdi 1,4m
a Cde citm dd ddm ed
Toin bd m^t bing ldp I chiing tdi tgm chia lim cym di ddm cd nim tuong ddi t^ trung, m|t dp diy d9c Tuy nhiin gitia cde cym vdn cd nhOng khoing ddt tr^ig Mdt dd ciia di ddm cic cym khdng gidng nhau, cym nhiiu, cym ft, mdt sd cym phin bd diy ddc, ncri dd dim diy nhdt tdp bimg chii yiu d phdn gitta hd
b Cdc khdi dd ed vii d^ie vd ehi tdc
Tgi hd 2, chiing tdi di phdt hi|n dupc 31 ting di Dudi ddy li mdt sd khdi vd tdng di tiiu bilu: - Khdi dd II.AT.H2:0I: Ndm d sdt gdc phia tdy Khdi niy dd dupe Trung tdm Bio tdn Di sin Thinh Nhi Hd phdt hi|n vio tiling 7/2011, sd dSng kj Id 06 TNH Khdi di dd dupc chi tdc gdn nhu hoin ehinh, hinh khdi hdp chtt nhdt, cic cgnh vudng vuc Trir mdt m§t ndm dl ISn dim cd chOng tdi chua quan sit dupc, m}t edn lgi diu cd vlt "dye via" (dye idy mdt phdng) Dyng cy dgc cd ddu nhpn, rat sde Theo cdc tiip ldm di d ddy tiii di tgo khdi, ngudi ta dimg due nim (ed noi gpi Id dye bgt), ludi d?t, cd kich thude ldn hon dye via Dl tgo m^t phing, ngudi ta sii dyng kj tiiudt due via Dyng ey Id mdt dye sit, mui nhpn KJ tiiugt phii dye nhg Ngudi ta ed till dye tfieo chilu ngang tir ngoii vio dl tidnh thd ciia tdng di, dye tiieo hdng ldi Quan sdt ede vit dye d trin khdi dd, chiing tdi vi thdy cdc vit dye chi sdu khodng 0,3cm, rdng em vi dye theo chilu ngang (thd dd theo chiiu dpc)
(7)Trdn Anh DQng vd nnk - Khai quit cdng trudng khai thic di
ndy Diy ciia khdi dd nim sSu so vdi m?t ddt niii li 0,3m Ddu phia nam cua khdi di bj vd hai gdc Mdt cgnh phfa bde bj siit Id mdu ldp di tim (thp ldm di gpi li di gdn gi, logi di niy rdt di bj vd dye)
Khdi di ddi 1,84m, rdng 0,8m, eao 0,77m Nim eao hon 2,1 m so vdi Code gii djnh - Khoi dd 11.A T.H2:02: Ndm cdeh khdi di sd I li 1,70m vl phfa nam Ddy ti logi dd vdi cd gdn gi, mdu xanh Khdi dd cd hlnh gdn vdi hlnh chtt nhdt, ed thi li dang tgo tie dd Cdn hai cgnh cd ddu vlt dye Cic cgnh cdn lgi tuong ddi vudng virc Khdi dd bj Idt Qp nin m^t dudi khdng thi kilm tra dupe M^t trin cd nhiiu vit ldm, mua ning bdo mdn, dudng kinh khodng 0,30m Nhiiu ndng khdi di dupe dye dd till bj vO nin ngudi ta bd lgi
Khdi di nim xiin tiieo chilu bde nam vd m$t diy bj ldp dudi ldp dd dim Mdt m^t cgnh cdn tuu lai vlt dye via theo chilu chio Dudng kinh ciia mQi dye rdng tir 0,7cm - 1cm Vj tri cao nhdt ciia khdi di li 0,78m, vj tri tiidp nhdt li 0,49m so vdi Code gii djnh, ddt nhdt 1,2m, rdng nhdt 1,04m Khdi di niy dupe phdt hi$n mdi qud trinh khai qu$t
- Khoi dd ll.AT.H2:03: Khdng ed cic tiid ngang dpc (cdc tiip di gpi li di ngc), ndm cich vich phia nam 3m vl phia bde cd till khdng ndm d vj ti-f ban diu md bj xl djch din vj trf hi|n tgi qud trinh ddo ddt eua ngudi ddn bdi mdt ddu eiia khdi dd bj gdi lln khdi dd mdi dupc ddnh cdeh diy vdi chyc nam Khdi dd ed hlnh chtt nh|^ mdt gdc bj mdt vd mpt gdc bj nirt Vlt nut Id vlt ett, nin cd till vi \^ dd mi nd bj bd Igi Dd ed miu xanh nhgt, tdt ci cic bi mjt dlu cd ldp patin Mdt trin vd cgnh tuong ddi phing, mdt dudi ldi lOm, cd till li dang chi tic dd M Jt ti'in vi cgnh cd vit dye via, nhiin cde vit dye niy thua, it Dilu dd chdng td khdi di trudc dupc tgo tic dd tuong ddi phing
Khdi di ndm tfieo hudng bic nam, dii 0,97m, rdng 0,83m, ddy 0,46m, ndm thdp han 0,43m so vdi Code gii djnh
v l CO bdn, kit qui khai quit d hd da mang lai nhdn thdc quan trpng nhu sau:
- Tnrdc hit tai hd khai qudt da phit hien dupc khdi di cd ddu vlt chi tde, tiong dd ed khdi Cdn nim nguyin d vj trf ban ddu Ddc bi§t phii kl din khdi di cd ki hi|u // AT.H2: I, vdi nhttng dudng dye via diin hinh rdt gidng vdi vit dye tren khdi di tudng Thdnh Nhd Hd Ding luu y Id mit dudi cua khdi dd cdn dang dl lln mdt ldp dim ed mdng, tii vi|e dye tdeh tgo mat phing vi gdc cgnh, li nhihig bang chiing cho thdy tai edng trudng khdng chi Id nai khai thic nguyin li§u mi cdn li noi chi tdc di tgi chd hoi cninh tnrdc ehuyin vi thinh
- Mac dd da bj Idy di khd nhiiu di ddm nhung ciing tgi hd vSn edn ldp di dam ed khd ddy, ed chS diy tdi l,4m Sy cd m^t cua cdc cym di dim eo vdi m§t dd diy ddc da phdn ndo gidn tiip phdn inh si lupng ldn ciia nhihig khdi di dupe tgo tdc d day
c Hign vdt thdi Trdn - Hd
Ngoii nhttng manh di ddm cd tiii d hd cdn phdt hi|n dupe nhfhig minh dd diing sinh hogt thdi Trin -Hd
+ Ddsinh
Tgi hd 2, da phit hifn dupc viin ddo gdm hlnh trdn, dupe lim tir cdc minh dd sdnh bj vd vd mdnh sinh thdi Trdn - Hd
(8)Trdn Anh Dung va nnk - Khai q u i t cdng trUdng khai thac d i
triln mii, cing xudng gdn ehdn mii ed dd ddc cing ldn, mdt phdn ban ddu b i m^t mii d dudi ehdn niii dogn ndy hai lOm xudng, chinh vi ll dd m i ldp dim edng xudng phia chSn mii cdng diy hon Bin cgnh nhChig manh d i m cd kfeh tiiudc Idn cdn cd rat nhiiu mdnh dim vyn nhd nhu vd trdu v i hgt ddu D i dim d ddy chil ylu ed miu trdng dye, dupc phu m^t ldp patin diy Nhthig minh dim niy cd kich thudc: (27xl3xl2)cm; (10xl0x3)cm; (4,5x2xl)cm vd edn cd rdt nhiiu mdnh nhd li tL
b Cdc Idng dd hd
Hd phit h i | n tdt c i 50 ting dd, dupe phdn lim logi: d i bi dd ddnh min, d i ed dupc ldn xudng q u i trinh khai thic d i v i d i gdc
- C i c tang d i mdi dd xudng nd mIn: cd tdng
- C i c tang dd ed dupc lin xudng ti'ong qui trinh khai tiidc gdm 22 ting dd, phdn bd rdi rdc trin bi mdt hd, cd nhiiu hlnh dgng khic nhu: hlnh gdn vuong, hlnh trdn hogc hlnh biu dye, hlnh ndi Nhttng tang d i niy cd kich thudc k h i ldn, chiing diu nim d l lln ldp d i dim co Trin b i m$t d i diu phii mdt Idp patin mdng, hiu hit miu xim xanh v i xim den, m^t sd ting cd nhihig vlt thd chay ngang thdn, nhttng ting khde cd nhttng id nhd trin b l mit dupc tgo q u i trinh phong hda qua thdi gian hing trim nam C i c ting dd tdp trung chii ylu tiin b l mit hd, chi cd mpt sd it trudc chdc cung nim trin b l mdt nhimg q u i tilnh ngudi din idy dit nen dd ldn xudng gdn vdi d i gdc
4 M $ t v i i nhgn djnh
Tir kit qui khai quit tgi cdng trudng khai thic d i niii An Tdn, chiing tdi tam nit kit ludn nhu sau: 4.1 vi niin dgi
- Qua nhihig h i | n vdt Id dd diing sinh hogt thudng bi vO dupe phit hien cic hd khai quit nhu: minh gdm men, mdnh sinh, manh ggch ngdi, ddu dao cd nien dai sdm nhit la thdi Trdn -Ho NhQng di vgt ndy ndm cdng vdi dja tdng cd cdc ldp d i dam cS, dd l i cac dd diing sinh hoat md cic tiip khai tiiic d i d l lgi
- Tir vile so sdnh ddu vit ky thudt dupc chi tic trin ede khdi da, so sinh kich tiiudc, hinh dgng cua cic khdi di cd ddu vit ehi tic da phit hi?n cic hd khai quat cho tiidy chung hoan todn tiling khdp vdi kfch Aude v i ddu vit chi tde cua cdc khdi d i xdy d Mdng Thinh N h i Hd Dac biet la, ldp patin tren d i d i chiing td nien dgi cd xua ciia cdc khdi dd Cdc khdi dd dupc chi tdc tuong ddi hoin chinh phdt h i i - "-rpc d cde hfl khai qugt hiu hit diu cd dgng khdi hpp chtt nhgt, tiiudng cd mgl dupc ehi tic cdn man, phing phiu, chi cd mgt dupc chi tie sa sdi Mgt ndy si dupc xip quay v i phia bin tudng tiiinh Diiu niy hoin toin phu hpp vdi nhttng khdi d i hi|n tiidy cic dogn tiidng tiiinh n h i Hd
- Theo Oiiyin tiiuyit, ven chan ntii An T6n Ha, vdn Id khu vyc tir tiidi Trdn - Hd dd ed ting mac, ehuyin k l v i vi|c din ling bj trimg phgt vl ldm chit voi ciia n h i Hd V i mgt khoang eich till day nui An Tdn Id nai gdn tiiinh n h i Hd nhdt v i dja hinh ciing tiiugn Ipi eho vi|e khai tiiic vd vgn ehuyin
Qua nhttng chiing cu tiin, cd tiii khdng djnh An Ton Id cdng mrdng khai tiidc d i c6 tiidi Tran - Ho 4.2 Cdc ldp d i m ed vdi dia tdng rd rdng, ed ch5 ddy tdi 1,4m d i | n phdn bd lan rpng khip sudn vd chdn nui phia nam dd cho thdy ddy Id mpt cdng tiirdng khai tiiic d i ldn
(9)Khdo cdhgc, sd2/2012
Theo cie tiip di d ddy till vigc ehuyin di tCr trin ndi xudng hodn toin lim tini cdng Ngudi tiip ddy khdi di dupc khai tiiic tir md di trin mil xudng NhQng khdi di ldn ed till dupc ddy vd thinh cdc khdi dd nhd hon Ngudi ta cd thi sd dyng ddc ddt theo h"iin niii dl ehuyin hogc tgn dyng cie ciy g5 Idn dl Oirpt dd Vi|c phdt hign dupc nhiiu khdi dd dd dupc chi tic hodn chfnh nhung khdng rd vl 1^ nio dd mi chiing chua dupc vgn ehuyin di, dilu dd chiing td mii An Tdn khdng chi li nai khai tiiic di md cdn li edng trudng chi tde di tuang ddi hodn chinh di xiy thinh Nhi Hd Qua cic dogn tudng tiiinh bj dd chiing tdi quan sit dupc, ddt nhdi bin tudng dd cQng ed rdt nhiiu ddm di cd, Trong dpi khai qugt di tich dudng Hde Nhai chiing tdi cflng tim dupc nhiiu dye bdng sdt Nhiing diiu niy cho thdy, mgc dii nhQng khdi di dd dupc chi tic tuang ddi hoin chinh tir cic cdng trudng khai thdc dd vd dupe vgn ehuyin vl din tda thinh, thi chiing v3n phii dupc gpt die dl phii hpp vdi vj tif mi nd dupc dgt vdo, Khdng It (rudng hpp d tudng tiidnh phia tdy dd ed nhQng khdi dd dupc cdt khde dl khdp vdi nhttng viin di ndi tiip nd Tuy nhiin, vi|c chi tic hoin chlnh hogc tuang ddi hoin chlnh nhthig khdi di to si giim bdt trpng lupng khdng cdn thiit vgn ehuyin
4.4 Vi|c md cic hd kilm tra dja tdng (nin ddt) eiia khu vyc xung quanh mii An Tdn dd gpi md nang tim hiiu eich vgn ehuyin di td cdng trudng vl xdy thinh Nhi Hd Nhu da trinh biy d trin, tgi hd kiim ti^ 4, rinh kiem tra d hd khai qugt vi d khu vyc khai thic ddt di ddng ggch ciia ngudi ddn d khoing giQa ciia ddy mii An T6n Thupng vi An Tdn Hg dlu eho thdy mdt nen dit cung rin li Idp sit bj di ong hda ndm dudi cda ldp ddt mim hogc Idp ddt pha cdt bj rira trdi tir phfa ndi xudng Tir day, chiing tdi hudng din gii tiiuylt vl vipc vgn ehuyin dd din tiidnh nhd Ho bing dudng bp Truy^ thuyit d viing niy cung cho ring ed mdt dudng di ndi edng trudng khai thdc di qua ling Tdy Giai din tiiinh nhi Hd Diiu ndy cd thi dung nlu nhu di dupc vgn ehuyin di xay cdng tiiinh phfa nam Nhung dl xay cdng thinh phfa tdy vd phia bic thi khong dn vl phdi di xa hem Ngudi din d diy cho biit cdn cd mpt dudng nfl-a di tir chin nui An Tdn Thupng qua nghTa trang Id din thing tudng thdnh phfa tiy bic vd tdy nam
Nhflug gii thuyit niy cdn dupc kiem chung bing cic cupe khai qugt khio ed hpc Tuy nhien, vdi khoing eich ttt mii An Tdn din tiiinh nhd Hd thi vi|c vgn ehuyin di bing dudng bp cd vl li hpp ly nhdt Nhung dudng vgn ehuyin ndm d ddu thi dd Igi li vdn di khic
EXCAVATION OF WORKSHOP WHERE ROCKS WERE EXPLOITED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THANH NHA H AT AN T N MOUNTAIN
TRAN ANH DUNG, LUU VAN PHCI, NGUY§N VAN LONG
At the end of 2011, Vi§t Nam Institute of Archaeology conducted an excavation at the area at An Tdn Mountain 1.5km away from the west gate of Thdnh Nhd H6, where rocks were exploited In tiie excavated area, we found refined block cf rocks, old stiengtiiening layers of macadam, architectural traces of foundation and glazed potsherds and earthenwares
These blocks of rock share the same size and form as the ones used to build Thanh Nha Hd The strengtiiening layers of macadam are fairly thick, demonsh-ating tiiat the area at An Tdn mountain was a workshop for exploiting and refining rocks on a large scale The glazed potsherds and eartiienwares found in the old layers of macadam indicate that this workshop was from the Trin - Hd periods