Cflng nhu cdc ngdi chiia khdc, chfla Bd Danh thd Phdt, song d chua Ba Danh ngodi tupng Bd fat cdn cd tupng cua Thai Thupng Ldo Qudn, tirpng Nam Tdo, Bic Ddu vd cdc tupng cua tin ngud[r]
(1)TipdriCftmttcTftipta THUCiNG T H O C TON GIAO
Di tfch chua Ba Danh I deb tbi xd Phu Ly chung 15km, men
theo dd ta ngan sdng Day la din _ ' xd Ngpc Son (huydn Kim Bang, tinb Ha Nam) Chfla Bd Danh ngu bdn bd sdng Ddy hiln hda Chfla khdng ldn, khdng nguy nga ti-dng Id nhung dupc ddt khung cdnh thdn dd, um tum nhung bdng cdy cd tiiu Trdn mdt bdi ddt bdi cao, quanh chfla khdng cd nha d Ndm bdn canh la ddng sdng Day liing Id hdi, thua thdt thuyin be
Cflng nhu cdc ngdi chiia khdc, chfla Bd Danh thd Phdt, song d chua Ba Danh ngodi tupng Bd fat cdn cd tupng cua Thai Thupng Ldo Qudn, tirpng Nam Tdo, Bic Ddu vd cdc tupng cua tin ngudng Tii Phu, mdt tin ngudng eua ddn gian Vidt Nam Cd hrpng cua hd thdng Tii Phu vi chua thd Tu-Phdp Su tich Tur Phdp vdi cdc bd me Mdy (Phdp van), Mua (Phdp Vfl), Sdm (Phdp Ldi), Chdp (Phdp didn) nhu Id su hdn dung gifla Phdt gido vdi tin ngudng ddn gian bdn dia da duoc chip hong truydn Man Nuong ciia LTnh isfam cbinh quai <Trdn Thi Phdp, thi ky XIV, Vfl Quynh- Kilu Phu, 1492)
Cdu chuydn vl gdc td Tu* Phdp dupc hinh tii me Phdt Man Nuong dd lan tiuyin khdp vung ddng bdng Bic Bd vd cflng dupc luu bdnh d ddy Ngudi ddn Kim Bdng tin ring, tii thd Tii Phdp vflng Bic Ninh dupc mua thudn gid boa, phong ddng hod cdc, mfla mdng bdi thu Do vdy, hp ben hop ldn xur Bde dl xin chdn nhang vl tiid Cdc ldng Vdn Ldm, Ddng Xd, Vdn Chdu, Bdu Thdn, Bdi Ll dd xin chdn nhang, tac tupng Tii Phdp dl tiid, tii dd, tiic tiid Tii Phdp lan tiuyin d cdc xd vflng ven sdng Ddy hdn ddt Hd Nam Dia phuang cdn luu hdnh mdt huyin tiiuylt sau: hudc ddy,
if vung ndy ludn gdp mua to, gid ldn ndn
vi|e sdn xudt gdp nhilu khd khdn, mfla
DIEU PHUC
mdng thdt bdt gdy canh ddi kem triln midn Cho din mdt hPm, mpt cu gid cao tudi hong ldng nim mdng thdy mpt ngirdi gdi he trung, xinh dep, doan hang, khudn mdt phuc hdu, vdng hdn va ddi mdt thdng minh hidn ndi rdng: Ta dupc than eho vl ddy dl chdm nom vd chi khu ning ddu ldng ldm noi dung chfla Noi dy bay gid Id vat rung ram rap cd nhilu cdy cd thu, sat bd sdng Id mpt hdn nui nhd, nhd minh mdt nudc, hong ning rdn rd tiing chim quang cdnh that la thdn tidn
Ngdi chua ban ddu dupc xay dung tranh tre mia la don so, din nam Vinh Trj, ddi Ld Hy Tdng, khu rung mdi dupc md mang quang dang dl xdy chfla lai cho khang hang Khu vuc ndy cdm nha ddn ldm nha d ndn cdnh chua cang thdm hang nghidm, vdng vl Ngdi ehua dupc xdy dung it Idu thi cd mdt cdy mit cd thu d quanh chua bdng dung bj gid to quat dd, ddn ldng dd ddn lay gd dl tim thp vl tac tupng Bdng nhidn cd mpt khdch thap phuong tim din chfla ndi ring minh lam nghi tac tupng va dupe bao mdng den day Ngudi khach ta hinli dang vd dung nhan ngudi gdi dd bao mpng thi thdy gidng hdt vj thdn dd bdo mpng cho cu gia ldng Ndm dy gdp mua mua Ifl, nudc sdng ddng cao, tac tupng gdn xong thi dudi bin nudc trudc chua cd vdt la, nua ndi, nua chim, khong trdi theo ddng nudc, day mdy ldn lai thdy trPi trd lai Thay chuydn la, ddn ldng vdt ldn xem thi boa dd la mdt cdi ngai bing gd ben rude \ao chiia That la Iflng tupng tac xong thi ddt vua kbit vdo ngai Tu dd vflng mua thudn gid boa, mfla mang bpi thu, tiing ddn Thdnh Ba Bao Son linh iing lan tiuyin khdp noi, khach thdp phuong vl Id
(2)THI/CING THLTC TON GIAO Tpp dri l»ig tdc TAi lite
rat ddng Nhiing ngirdi lam ngbl sdng nude xudi ngupc qua doan sdng gdp mua Ifl diu ldn ciiua thip huong cdu mong ydn dn Truyen thuyit cd ddi net gdn gfli vdi truyin thuyit Man Nuong, d nhiing chi tilt nhu cdy gd hdi sdng (truydn Man Nuong) va ngai gd hdi sdng (truyin thuyet vl Ba Danh), d ban chat cua vj thdn ea hai noi thd deu la nu than ndng nghidp Ngodi ra, d truyin thuyit ve Ba Danh ta cdn thay bdng dang cua tuc thd than sdng nudc cua nhdn ddn vung ven sdng Day
Kiln triic chua Ba Danh
Chua quay mdt hudng Nam Sdng Day Phia ngoai cflng, giap vdi dirdng di va gan bd sdng la cong tam quan ciia chfla Cdng trinh dupc ton cao hdn ldn ndm bdc va bai dau xdy bit ddc Tam quan cd ba gian, bai tdng Tang hdn cd hai ldp mdi, Ipp bang ngdi nam, xung quanh sdn gd hang lan can va nhihig chan song tidn, tdng sii dung lam gdc chudng, ba gian dudi cd hd thdng cdnh cua bdng gd lim Phia ngoai ciia hai bdn la bai cpt ddng tru dupc xdy nhd bin Trdn ndc tam quan ddp mpt ddi rdng chdu vao giiia Hai bdn cdng chinh la hai edng nhd cd tam mai, cua phia trdn lupn cong hinh bdn nguydt Ngdy thudng, khach vao Id chu ylu di bdng cua bdn nay, chi nao nha chua cd dai Id thi cua chinb d giua mdi dupc md
Qua cdng tam quan la khu vudn boa, sdn lat gach, hai ddy hanh lang hai bdn Nha bai dudng cd ndm gian, hai ddu xdy bit ddc, lap ngdi nam Nhd rung dudng ndm gian hai dau xdy bit ddc, Ipp ngdi nam, cua diic ban ndi liln vdi toa bai dirdng Nhd thupng didn cd ba gian, bai ben xdy tudng bao, phia trudc la he thdng ciia gd lim Ldng nha d day so vdi khu bai dudng va trung dudng thi hep hon nhung dupc xdy cao bin ldn Nim ve phia tdy khu chua la khu nha ngang gdm bai gian, ba gian viia dung lam noi thd cac vj td dd tru tri d ddy, hai gian ddu hdi dupc ngdn thdnh hai gian budng lam noi d cho ngudi tu banh Ddng
trudc nhd td la mdt sdn gach, phia ngoai la khu vudn dl trdng hoa vdi cdy luu nidn Phia ddng cua khu chua Id phu thd Mlu lam giap vdi ddy trung dirdng Toan bd khu vuc ehua cd tirdng bao quanh
Chfla Ba Danh la mdt hd thdng tdng till bao gdm nhilu edng trinh vdi gdn 40 gian nhd Theo nhdn ddn dja phuong eho bilt thi ngdi chfla dd dupc xdy dung tfl" Idu ddi nhung dupe trung tu nliilu lan Cdc cdng trinh cdn lai diu duoc xdy dung tii thi k;^ XIX hd lai day
Xua nhdc tdi chfla Ba Danh, ngirdi ta thudng hilu dd la ngdi chfla cd canh quan son thuy huu tinh, u, cd tjch vd linh thidng ndi tieng mdt thdi Chfla ed ve dep cd kinh, thdm nghidm vao loai hilm ed eua tinh Hd Nam
Chinh gifla hd thdng cua biic ban bdng gd lim cua tang dudi tam quan cd biic cham ngfl phuc (ndm doi ngam ehu thp) O mdi cpt tru dupe thiet kl nhd bin phia ngoai hai tudng bdn, nghd nhdn xua diu ddp ndi tirdng hinh tii linh: long, ly, quy, phuang theo thi ddi xiing, cdu ky, uyin chuyen Trdn ndc tam quan cd ddp mdt ddi rdng chau mdt nguydt bdng vdi cat vd manh sii, mang phong each rdng thdi Nguydn Dang ehu y nhdt d tam quan la ddi rdng da vd doi hd da dupc bd tri dpc theo bai bdn bde ldn xudng, theo thi ddi xiing, chdu vao nha Bai dudng Nlu so vdi tupng ddi rdng chdu mdt nguydt hdn ndc tam quan, thi tupng ddi rdng da dudi chan hong tam quan dupe tro don gian, hiln Idnh hon, cdn phang phat bdng dang rdn, cbii chua mang binh ky da Tuong tu nhu tbi, ddi ho dd ngdi chlcb 450 phia sau, cung dupc cham hd don gian, hiln lanh, khong du tpn nbu tupng ngu hd cdc noi thd khdc Ddy la nhflng di vdt thudc loai quy hilm ddy chdt dan gian rat cdn dupe bao vd
Gdn nhu toan bp nghd thudt kiln tnic va nghd thudt cham khdc cua ngdi chiia tdp trung thi hidn dnhd bdi dirdng - noi hdnh ll thudng cua cac nhd su vd ede phdt tii
(3)T9PCfeil»iittoT(ti|ito THObNG THLfCTON GIAO
Nhd bdi dudng ndm gian, khung gd lim, ddu hdi bit ddc vd cflng ddp ndi hai rdng Quan sat tii gifla sdn gach, ngudi ta se thuc su hiing thu dupc chidm ngudng bd t h ^ g tupng dip ndi theo dl tdi "Tii long chdu mdt nguydt" hdn ndc nhd mdi dudng Ca bdn rdng, tii kilu ddng thdn hinh udn lupn, din mdt, rdu, vudt, vdy diu rdt smh ddng, uyIn chuyin, md cflng rdt du dpi, tudng nhu dang vdn nhau, bay lupn hong khoang khdng bao la Phong cdch rdng thdi Nguyin tbi hidn d ddy rdt ddm nit
Ddu hai ddy hanh lang vd liln vdi nha bai dudng la hai cdt tru cao vut, sung siing, uy nghi Trdn mdi cdt diu ddp ndi binh tii linh: long, ly, quy, phupng theo tbi ddi xiing, gpi cam gidc bai hod, cdn ddi, virng bin Tung dudng nit cua hinh long, ly, quy, phupng diu todt ve ty my, edng phu, tdi hoa eua cac nghd nhdn xua Tdi nang cham khic cua nghd nhdn xua thi hidn hdn sau cpt cdi cua toa nhd ndy Vi keo tbu* nhdt (tinh tii Tdy sang Ddng) mdt mdt dp tirdng, cham mdt lid phfl, tnic boa long, hoa hdng, qud ddo, qud luu
Nghd thudt cham khdc gd d chua Ba Danii
Vi keo thii hai, mdt tiiidc cham "Ngfl phiic" (ndm doi), hoa mai, hoa hdng dan tranh, but ldng qua va bdu rupu, mdt sau cham (ngfl long hanh chdu), hoa hdng, hoa lan Vi keo thii ba, mdt hudc cham "Tu linh" (long, ly, quy, phupng), "Tung md" (tiing va ngua), "Mai dilu" (hoa mai vd chim), qua giang cham dan tranh, dan nguydt, phach, mdt sau, cham "Tii linh", bdu rupu, cudn thu Vi keo thu tu, mdt trudc phia hdn cham "Ludng long chdu nguydt", phia dudi cham "Tii linh", qud giang: cham hoa hdng, cdy hing, cudn tiiu, kim tiln, dan vd sdo Vi klo tiiii ndm, mdt tiirdc cham mdt hd phu, nghd chdu hai bdn, mai hod, qua giang cham: qud ddo, phdt thu, qud luu, boa hdng, cudn thu vd doi, mdt sau: cham "Ngfl phuc", qua ddo, hoa hdng, cudn tliu Vi klo thii sdu, (mdt mdt dp tudng) cham mdt hd phfl, thdng
hod long, tnic hod long, hdn qua giang cham qua dao, mai, tnic, nho, luu, dao mai, quat vai Ngoai sau vi keo cdn cd sau cpt cai bdng gp lim, dung gidp ranh giua nha bai dudng vd nhd trung dudng Trdn mPi thdn cpt diu cham chim hinh rdng leo chau vao ban thd d giiia gian thii ba vdi cac net cham rdt tinh xao
Vl mdt dl tai, nlu la dpng vat, thi nghd nhdn d ^ noi hay cham theo dl tdi: "Tii long" (long, ly, quy, phupng), "Ngu phuc" (nam doi), "Ludng long chau nguydt", "Ngu long tranh chdu", "Tu long chdu mdt nguydt", nlu la thuc vdt, thi cd cdc dl tai: "Tu quy" (Tung, cue, tnic, mai), "Bdt qua" (ddo, nho, luu, va, phat thu), nlu la thuc vat kit hpp, thi cac cdc dl tdi: "Mai dilu" (Hoa mai va chim), "Tiing ma" (cdy tflng vd ngua), "Tnic hda long", "Thdng hod long" Ngoai ra, cdn cd dl tai quen thude nhu dan tranh, dan nguydt, phach, sdo, but iPng, bdu rupu, quat qua va ma ddn gian vin bilu la "Bat bdo" (tam loai quy) Trong qua trinh sang tao, nghd nhan xua da kit hpp till hidn nhimg dl tai udc Id tuong trung ciia nghd thuat mang tinh cung dinh ("Tu lmh", "Ngfl phuc", "Luong long chdu nguydt", "Ngfl long ti-anh chdu", "Mai dilu", "Tir quy", "Tung md") vdi nhung dl tai thupc nghd tiiudt ddn gian nhu "Ngu qua", "Bat qua", dan, sao, nhj, pbdeh Ldi thi hidn phdi hpp kheo leo giua ldi cham ndi, cham iong vdi ldi cham chim Tat ca diu dupc each didu bod ma vin cd hdn, sinh dpng
Trong nhd thupng dudng cua chiia Ba Danh, cd nhilu tupng thd nhu tirpng Tam Thi, tupng Ngpc Hoang va thai thupng Lao Quan, tupng Ba Chua Danh Cd thi coi tupng Ba Danh la mpt trung tdm cua chua Tupng dupc tac theo tir thi tpa thiln trdn chiic ngai den bdng (chii khdng phai la toa sen), vdi khudn mdt dep, hiln tii, ddy nu tinh, gdn gfli vd thdn thilt, chii khdng cd ddng ve sidu thoat, than bi nhu cac tupng Phdt khac Su hai boa gifla tupng va chile ngai tao ndn ve hap din cua nghd thudt didu khdc chua Ba Danh •