Câu điều kiện này diễn tả một thói quen, một hành động thường xuyên xảy ra nếu điều kiện được đáp ứng, hoặc diễn tả một sự thật hiễn nhiên, một kết quả tất yếu xảy ra.. If I must/have t[r]
(1)TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
Type Forms Usage
0 If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu mệnh lệnh
1 If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall + Vo Đk xảy hiẹn ỏ tương lai If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/ Should + Vo Đk khơng có thật
3 If + S + Had + V3/Ved, S + would/ could + have + V3/Ved Đk khơng có thật q khứ Đk kết hợp If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + Vo
1 Câu Điều Kiện Diễn Tả Thói Quen Hoặc Một Sự Thật Hiển Nhiên
Câu điều kiện diễn tả thói quen, hành động thường xuyên xảy điều kiện đáp ứng, diễn tả thật hiễn nhiên, kết tất yếu xảy học tiếng anh
Cấu trúc: If + S + V (hiện tại), S + V (hiện tại)
Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện
1.Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo 2 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo
3 Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved If not = Unless.
- Unless thường dùng câu điều kiện - lúc Unless = If not Đối với câu đề nghị, gợi ý, bày tỏ ý kiến mang tính lịch
If + can/may/must/have to/should/be going to + V-inf, simple future. Ex If I can help you, I will
If I may get into the room now, I shan't feel cold If I must/have to take the oral test, I shall feel afraid
If you are going to go to University, you must study hard before an entrance examination If you should see her tomorrow, please tell her to phone me at once (tương đương probably) Lưu ý: Trong câu "if + subject + should + V-inf.", should đưa lên đầu câu thay "if" Should + V-inf., simple future.
Some equals
1.But for that + unreal condition: Nếu khơng 2) Otherwise + real condition: Kẻo, khơng
We must be back before midnight otherwise I will be locked out
3) Otherwise + unreal condition: Kẻo, khơng sau phải điều kiện thực
Lưu ý: Trong tiếng Anh thông tục người ta dùng or else để thay cho otherwise 4) Provided/Providing that: Với điều kiện là, miễn = as long as
5)Suppose/Supposing = What if : Giả sử sau, Nếu * Suppose cịn dùng để đưa lời gợi ý
Suppose you ask him = Why don't you ask him Cịn có thành ngữ:
What if I am: Tao nào!
6) If only + S + simple past/past perfect = wish that(Câu đ/k không thực được) = If only she had studied harder for that test
7 Even if / Even though : dù ex: Even if it rains, we'll still go Unless= If not
(2)9 On ( the) conditional ( that)
eg: I will give you the money on the conditional that you will pay me in a week 10 Providing/ Provided/ So long as/ As long as
eg: Providing/ Provided you will pay me in a week , I will give you the mone 11 Without: khơng có
Without water, life wouldn’t exist
= If there were no water, life wouldn’t exist
EXERCISE I: Put the verbs in brackets in correct tenses.
1/ If I (have) a typewriter, I could type it myself
2/ If I had known that you were in hospital , I (visit) you
3/ You could make much progress if you (attend) class regularly 4/ If I (know) his telephone number, I would give it to you 5/ If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat 6/ If he (study) harder, he can pass an exam
7/ She may be late if she (not hurry) 8/ Tell him to ring me if you (see) him
9/ If you (speak) more slowly,he might have understood you 10/ What (you do) if you got fat ?
Exercise II : Supply the correct verb tense.
1/ If you are kind to me, I (be) _ good to you 2/ He (come) _ if you waited
3/ If you (ring) _ the bell, the servant would come
4/ If I had known that the baby was hungry, I (feed) _ him 5/ If it (not, rain) _ a lot, the rice crop wouln’t grow 6/ If today (be) _ Sunday, we wouldn’t have to work 7/ If she had had your address, she (write) _ to you
8/ We lost the match If you (play) _ for us, we (win) _
9/ So long as you return the book by Saturday, I (lend) _ it to you with pleasure 10/ They would not be paid unless they (do) _ their work well
11/ Provided he (not, be) _ interrupted, he can finish the work on time 12/ If it (be) _ convenient, let’s meet at three o’clock
13/ If I became very rich, I (build ) _ a hospital for the poor
14/ If he (give) _ up smoking, as his doctor orders, he will be soon well again 15/ He (not, have) _ an accident if he had not been driving so fast
16/ If she (write) _ more carefully, she might not have made too many mistakes 17/ You would have to stay in bed unless your health (improve) _
18/ Did she have more practice, she (speak) _ English better 19/ Had I known that she was sick, I (visit) _ her
20/ Supposing World War III (happen) , human civilization (be) _ destroyed EXERCISE III : Put “if” or “unless” into these spaces.
1/ we hurry, we’ll miss the bus
2/ Will you phone me you come to England ? 3/ you see Jane, ask her to contact me
4/ You’ll never pass your exam you don’t work harder 5/ Liverpool won’t win they begin playing better
6/ you forget our address, you can find it in the phone book 7/ You won’t pass your driving test you drive more carefully 8/ He’ll be ill he doesn’t stop worrying so much
9/ We’ll go to the beach tomorrow it’s raining
(3)1/ We won’t go out unless it stops raining
- 2/ I will call the police unless you give back my bicycle
- 3/ You wouldn’t be able to this exercise unless your English were good - 4/ Unless we had enough rain, we couldn’t grow rice
- 5/ The fishermen couldn’t have caught a lot of fish unless they had had good nets - 6/ I wouldn’t buy it unless I could afford it
- 7/ I would refuse to go unless they paid my expenses
-
8/ I don’t agree with his economic policy I wouldn’t vote for him unless he changed it -
9/ He wouldn’t have written unless he had heard news
-
10/ You might not have a terrible toothache unless you went to the dentist regularly -
EXERCISE V : The following sentences are first, second or third conditional Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate form.
1/ We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible If it (be) … hadbeen … a nice day, we (go) … would have gone … for a picnic
2/ Why don’t you explain everything to him ? If you (not tell) _ him the truth, I’m sure you (regret) _ it one day
3/ Mary was here not long ago If you (come round) _ earlier, you (see) her 4/ Apparently, the ferry company are planning to close the port in this town If that (happen) _, the town (lose) _ a great deal of money
5/ I (help) _ you with it if I (have) _ more time but I’m afraid I haven’t got any spare time at all at the moment
6/ The government is expecting to win the next election, but if it (lose) _, the Prime Minister (resign) _ from politics
7/ I am so glad that you took me to your friend’s party If we (not go) _ there, I (never meet) _ Kate Winset
8/ It’s ridiculous that trains are so expensive If fares (be) _ cheaper, I’m sure more people (use) _ the train and leave their cars at home
9/ If she (get) _ that job she’s applied for, she (be) _ delighted And I think she’s got a good chance of getting it
10/ Fortunately the explosion took place at night when the streets were empty It (be) _ a disaster if it (happen) _ in the middle of the day
11/ The talks between the two leaders keep breaking down If they (break down) _ again, it is possible that there (be) _ a war between the two countries
12/ If Alison (know) _ anything about car mechanics, I’m sure she (help) _ us fix the car, but I think she knows even less than we
13/ They’ve been married for twenty years now but I don’t think she (marry) _ him if she (know) _ what a selfish man he was
(4)15/ James has everything he wants but he’s always moaning I’m sure that if I (have) _ so much money, I (not moan) _ all the time
EXERCISE VI : Rewrite the following sentences using If clauses.
Model :
a/ My brother will have enough money He will buy a bicycle If my brother has enough money, he will buy a bicycle. b/ She can’t speak English She won’t apply for the job If she could speak English she would apply for the job. c/ He wasn’t here He didn’t have a lot of fun
If he had been here, he would have had a lot of fun.
1/ She can’t be employed because she doesn’t have a college degree
2/ I don’t have enough money I can’t go on a long holiday this year
3/ He is very slow, so we won’t give his such an important task
4/ I’ll have to work this Sunday, so I shan’t join your picnic
5/ He works overtime to get more money because he has to pay father’s debt
6/ City life isn’t enjoyable because everything is very expensive
7/ There are industrial factories inside the city, that’s why pollution can’t be reduced
8/ Everything on the earth grows well because the sun always shines
9/ There is a grammar error in this English composition, that’s why it can’t get a full mark
10/ I don’t have a typewriter I can’t type it myself Exercise about wish and if only
I.Write again these sentences with “wish” or “If only” and Passive voice:
1.I’m sorry I can’t speak English perfectly.(wish) =>
2.I’m sorry I can’t this exercise (only) =>
3.I’m sory I’m not rich (only) =>
4.Are you ever sorry that you aren’t rich? (wish) =>
5.It’s such a pity I’m so bad at maths (better) =>
II for each situation, write a sentence with wish or if only 1.Ann isn’t here I need to see her right now
……… 2.John would like to become a pilot when he grows up
……… 3.I’m sorry I didn’t come to the party last night
……… 4.I regret I didn’t learn to play any musical instrument
(5)……… 6.I have to work tomorrow but I’d like to stay at home
……… 7.a lot of people drop litter in the street
……… 8.My life isn’t interesting
……… 9.I’d like to take some photographs but I didn’t bring my camera
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