Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 8/2009 58 P To chufc phi chinh phu nudc ngoai vdi hoat dong vi giam ngheo d Viet Nam (1996-2008) CHU THU HA* C dng cudc dd'i mdi cfla Ding va nhan dan ta tien hanh dfldc be ban k h i p nam chau quan tam, thed ddi, ddng tinh, ung hd, cd vu va khfch le Treng sd' dd cd rat nhieu td' chflc phi chfnh phfl nudc ngoai (TCPCPNN) Cac to chflc da tflng cd mat tfl rat sdm d Viet Nam Trii qua cac giai doan lich sfl, cac td' chflc da cd nhflng ddng gdp nhat dinh vao viec giflp nhan dan Viet Nam giii quye't mdt sd' khd khan ve kinh te - xa hdi d d p cd sd, chung sflc vdi Chfnh phu va nhan dan ta tren mat tran xea ddi giim ngheo va gdp phan vao qua trinh lam doi thay kinh te, xa hdi cho dat nfldc Hoat dong vi giam ngheo va phat trien ben vflng d Viet Nam Cd the ndi giai doan 1996 - 2008, h i u bet boat dgng cfla cac TCPCPNN deu tap trung thflc bien muc tieu xol ddi giam ngheo Nhflng mIng hdat ddng cd quy md ldn thee nganh (nhfl tap trung vad cdng tic dad tad va cung d p chuyen gia ky thuat linh vflc ndng nghiep, lam nghiep, mdi trfldng, p h i t trien cdng ddng, p h i t trien ndng thdn td'ng hdp ) chd de'n nhflng hdat dgng cd quy md nhd (nhfl vien trd trflc tie'p tien va hang) cung deu nhlm muc tieu xea ddi giam nghed Khd cd the khai quat dfldc sfl da dang cua cac phUdng phip cung cap vien trd, sd' lUdng cac td' chflc ddi t i c dia phfldng cung nhu trgng diem hd trd thed nganh va thee vflng lanh the cfla cac TCPCPNN Tuy nhien, cd mgt diem chung treng tat ca cac dfl I n cfla cac TCPCPNN, dd la sfl tfldng ddng trdng binh thflc trien khai dfl an va muc dich hfldng tdi cfla dfl an Cu the, treng hinh thflc trien khai dfl an d c h lam viec trflc tie'p vdi ngfldi dan (cdn ggi la each tie'p can tfl dfldi len), ludn chfl trgng dad tad va xay dflng nang lUc cua ddi tac dia phfldng, ludn tfnh den sfl ben vflng d c dfl an dfldc da p h i n cac td' chflc ap dung Cdn ndi dung hfldng tdi cfla dfl an la tap trung hd trd vad d c ngudn lflc cd ban n h l m dem lai mdt ke't q u i td'ng hdp ve nhieu mat de d i thien sinh ke che ngfldi dan, giup hg xoa ddi giim nghed mdt d c h ben vflng 1.1 Phuang phdp gidm ngheo co sU tham gia cda ngifdi ddn Phfldng phap giim ngheo cd sfl gia cua ngfldi dan la mot phfldng dfldc nhieu TCPCPNN I p dung de khai dfl I n va he cd vai trd tfch cflc Ths Chfl Thu Ha, Khoa Van hoa Dan toe, Dai hoc Van Hoa Ha Noi tham phap trien Chd Thu Hd - To chdc phi chinh phu nudc ngodi vdi hogt dgng viec dfla phfldng phap vad ddi sd'ng Ddi vdi dfl an vien trd PCPNN, sfl tham gia cfla ngUdi dan dUdc hieu la ngUdi dan triic tiep tham gia q u i trinh thiet ke, lap ke hoach, thUc hien va giam sat cac boat ddng cfla dfl an Vdi tfnh chat la cac td' chflc cd kha nang tai chfnh khdng ldn, cac TCPCPNN thfldng mud'n sfl dung nguon tai trd khdng nhieu cua minh met each cd bieu qui, trflc tiep den dfldc vdi ngfldi hfldng ldi Chinh vi the, de tranh lang phf nguen tai trd cfla minh, de dim bid cac dfl an thflc sfl dem lai ldi ich chd ngfldi dan, cac TCPCPNN thfldng tie'n hanh khIo sat trflc tiep d dia phfldng ndi tien hanh dfl In Khi xay dflng dfl an d mdt dia phfldng mdi, cac TCPCPNN thfldng thu thap nhflng thdng tin cd b i n nhat tfl cac ngudn khlc nhau: thdng tin d cap trung fldng, cap tinh, cap huyen Sau dd, tren cd sd phan tfch nhflng thdng tin nay, cac TCPCPNN trflc tie'p xud'ng dia phfldng de lam viec vdi cap xa, d p thdn/bin va trflc tiep quan sit, trae dd'i vdi ngfldi dan Dfla tren nhflng thdng tin cd dfldc, can bg cfla TCPCPNN se xic dinh nhflng nhdm van de ma ngfldi dan cd nhu d u nhat, can dUdc hd trd nhat Vdi kinh nghiem heat ddng va kha nang tai chfnh cua minh, hg cd the liia chgn met nhdm hay mdt phin cua van de da dUdc xic dinh de tien hanh hd trd Tiep thee, d c TCPCPNN se tie'n hanh xay dflng dfl an tai trd vdi cac xjhi tiet cu the cung nhfl ke hoach va cac bien phip de thflc hien dfl an Trong q u i trinh nay, phUdng phip tie'p can tfl dfldi len tiep tuc dUdc sfl dung Dd la chfnh quyen cd sd va ngUdi dan dUdc tham van triic tiep, gdp y che d c van de cfla du In: dU In can lam nhflng gi, lam 59 nao? cd nhflng budc nao? lam sao? Thdng qua each lam nay, nhu clu cfla ngfldi dan dfldc xic dinh chfnh xac nhat va qua dd gdp p h i n nang cad nang liic chd can bd va ngudi dan dia phUdng tham gia vad du an Trdng qua trinh xay diing va thiic hien du an, nhieu cudc hgp thdn bin tie'p tuc dUdc td' chflc de lay y kie'n cua ngfldi dan ve nhieu van de lien quan de'n quyen ldi va trach nhiem cfla hg ddi vdi dfl an Vi du nhu: Cach lua chgn vien tham gia du an nhu the nae va vai trd cfla hg se sad? Cdng ddng thdn b i n cd the deng gdp bao nhieu? dfldi hinh thflc nao (sflc ngudi, tien mat, dd vat hay tfn dung )? Cac giai phip ma du In dUa da thfch hdp chUa? Ldi fch cfla nhflng hdat dgng la gi? Hdat ddng cfla dfl In se dfldc phan chia giai ddan nhfl the nae? Thdi gian bad lau thi dfl an ket thflc? Cac y kie'n cfla ngfldi dan va chi'nh quyen dia phfldng cd vai trd bet sflc td ldn Tren cd sd nhflng y kien ddng gdp dd, ket hdp vdi kinh nghiem thflc te va nguen tai chinh cu the cua minh, cac TCPCPNN se xay dflng dfl In cu the che phfl hdp nhat vdi nhu cau ciia ngfldi dan va khdIn ngan sach ma hg cd Qui trinh tham van nhfl vay se cd dfldc y kien khich quan tfl phia dia phfldng ve nhflng ndi dung cfla dfl an va de chd dia phfldng cung ngfldi dan thay dfldc vai trd lam chfl cfla minh trdng dfl an L2 Xdy dung ndng lUc cho cdc ddi tdc Thdng thfldng trien khai dfl In vien trd, mdl quan he del tic la dac biet quan trgng ddi vdi hdat ddng cfla d c TCPCPNN tai Viet Nam Cic TCPCPNN phdi hdp vdi d p chinh quyen dia phfldng va ngfldi din vflng hfldng ldi cua dfl In de 60 tae cd che ba ben: ngfldi hfldng ldi (ngfldi dan) - chi'nh quyen dia phfldng - td' chflc tai trd (TCPCPNN) Day la cd che phdi hdp, giim s i t lan rat cd hieu qui dim bio quyen va trich nhiem cfla d c ben dfl an Trong cd che ba ben dd, cac TCPCPNN ddng vai trd la cd quan dieu hanh Hg nhan tai trd trflc tie'p tfl nfldc ngeai, sau dd chiu trach nhiem giim s i t dfl an va chiu trach nhiem trfldc nha tai trd Td' chflc ddi tic cfla Viet Nam (thdng thfldng la mdt td' chflc nhan dan hdac chfnh quyen dia phfldng) se la cd quan dflng thflc hien cac heat ddng dfl an d thflc dia, chiu trach nhiem vdi TCPCPNN dieu hanh Chfnh vi the, quan he ddi tic la quye't dinh ket qui cua dfl an, lfla chgn ddi tic dflng la van de quan trgng che cdng cfla dfl In Cdn ngfldc lai, mdt ddi tic cd nang lflc yeu se dfla chfldng trinh den that bai Nhan thflc dfldc vai trd cfla td' chflc ddi tac den ket qui dfl an, cac can be cfla TCPCPNN ludn chfl trgng tdi cdng tie xay dflng va phat trien nang lflc chd td' chflc ddi tac Trfldc trien khai met dfl an bat ky tai mdt dia phfldng nad dd, hdat ddng cua d n bd TCPCPNN thfldng dfldc bat diu bang tap huan chd phfa ddi tic Viet Nam (trfldc bet la Ban Quan ly dfl an) Muc dfch d i u tien cfla tap huan la de del tic hieu ve dfl In, cu the nhfl muc dich, muc tieu cfla dfl In la gi? Hinh thflc trien khai dfl In nhfl the nao cbo dat hieu qui cae nhat? Ddi tfldng ma dfl I n mud'n hfldng tdi la ai? Ngdai ra, Ban Quin ly dfl In cdn dfldc tap huan ve ky nang quin ly du In nhu ky nang quye't dinh, ky nang phdi hdp vdi d c d nhan va d c td' chflc trdng q u i trinh trien khai dii In, ky nang viet bid d d tai chfnh ; Ben canh Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 8/2009 d c ky nang ve q u i n ly dfl In, nhflng can bd chuyen mdn cfla Ban Q u i n ly dfl an nhflng ngfldi trflc tie'p xay dflng nang lflc cho ngfldi dan cdn dfldc boi dfldng d c ky nang theo chuyen nganh cu the nhfl y te, giad due, ndng nghiep, lam nghiep, nudi trdng thuy sin Cd the ndi, qua trinh hdp tac, lam viec vdi d c TCPCPNN da phan nao giflp can bd dia phfldng Viet Nam nang cao ve ky nang chuyen mdn va ky nang q u i n ly Nha nfldc Hg da cd dfldc ky nang xay dflng, lap ke hdach chd mdt dfl In, q u i n ly va giim s i t dfl I n va day la nhflng kinh nghiem bd' fch cd the ap dung del vdi d c dfl In tfl ngudn tai trd khlc 1.3 Ho trd cdc ngudn lUc degidm ngheo Hd trd ngudn nhdn life Diu tfl hd trd ngUdn nhan lflc chd ngfldi ngheo dfldc d c TCPCPNN dat len bang dau vdi nhflng heat ddng giflp tang cfldng sflc khde che ngfldi dan va hd trd hg d c ky nang de kiem sd'ng De thflc hien muc tieu d i thien sflc khee cho ngfldi dan, cac TCPCPNN da tai trd kinh phi de nang cad chat Ifldng he thd'ng cham sdc sflc khde ban dau d tuyen cd sd; md d c khdi dao tae chuyen mdn chd ddi ngu y bic sy thdn ban; xay dflng va nang d p d c benh vien, tram xl; cung d p d c trang thiet hi y te, thue'c men; td' chflc kham chfla benh miln phf che ngfldi ngheo; tuyen truyen phdng chd'ng d c can benh xa hdi; Gild due sflc khde gidi tfnh, an tean tinh due; to' chflc k h I m chfla benh miln phf cho nhieu doi tUdng ngheo cung nhu tai trd nhieu chUdng trinh tiem chiing chd tre em; td chflc nhflng bud'i tuyen truyen, giao due cho ngUdi dan nhflng kie'n thflc ve dinh dfldng, ve sinh Chd Thu Hd - To chdc phi chinh phu nUdc ngodi vdi hogt dgng phdng benh de ngfldi dan bie't each tfl cham sec sflc khde che minh va cdng ddng Ddi vdi viec xay dflng nang lflc tri tue (kie'n thflc, ky nang), cac TCPCPNN thfldng trien khai hai beat ddng chfnh la tap huan va dad tao cho can bd quan ly dfl an va ngfldi dan dia phfldng Day la cac hdat dgng nham chuyen giao kie'n thflc va ky nang cho d c ddi tUdng hudng ldi ve met Sd' nganh nghe nae dd de hg ce the kiem sd'ng Qua trinh trien khai du an la qua trinh tap huan day chuyen TrUdc tien la tap huan che Ban Quin ly du In va sau dd Ban Quin ly dii an se tap huan de'n ngUdi dan Qua tap huan, ngUdi dan khdng chi biet them nhieu kie'n thflc mdi ma quan trgng hdn, hg bie't dfldc quyen va nghia vu cfla minh Day la quyen ldi va nghia vu ddi vdi dfl an ndi rieng va md rgng hdn la quyen va nghia vu ddi vdi nhflng van de khac xa hdi ndi chung Song song vdi tap huan la boat ddng dao tao Cd nhflng hinh thflc dao tao chfnh nhfl dao tao chuyen sau cho nhflng d n bd trflc tiep phuc vu ngfldi dan (ddi ngu y t l , giad vien ) va dao tao ky thuat mgt sd' nghe cd b i n chd nhflng ddi tfldng hfldng ldi Cac TCPCPNN cdn quan tam hd trd hgc tap va hfldng nghiep day nghe cho em cac gia dinh ngheo Nhieu TCPCPNN (ActionAid, ASA, L'APPEL ) da trien khai cac boat ddng nhfl xda mfl chfl chd ngfldi ldn (REFLECT) Muc dfch cfla hdat ddng nham giflp hg biet dgc, bie't viet, bie't ti'nh teln nhflng phep toin cd ban de hg cd cd hdi tiep can vdi d c phfldng tien thdng tin dai chflng nhfl bid, dai, ti vi nhlm nang cad trinh dd va tad cd hdi tiep can vdi kien thflc khoa hgc ky thuat, chinh sach phap luat cfla Nha nfldc 61 Nhieu dfl an cfla cac TCPCPNN cdn trflc tie'p giflp dd ve vat chat che cdn em cfla nhflng ddi tfldng ngheo de em hg dfldc de'n trfldng va day nghe che hg de cd the tfl kiem sd'ng Cac TCPCPNN thfldng hd trd ve trang thiet bi hgc tap, cung d p hgc bdng chd cdn em nhflng gia dinh ngbee va cen em ddng bad dan tdc thieu sd' nhlm giflp cac gia dinh ngheo bdt di ganh nang kinh te de hg khdng b i t em minh nghi hgc, tao dieu kien cho tre em ngheo cd dieu kien bgc cao hdn Nhflng em nao khdng cd kha nang hgc cao len thi se dfldc bgc nghe de sau cd the tu kiem sd'ng (tdchdc PLAN (Anh), SPI, CHOICE (My), CODEV (Phdp) dd hd trd hgc bdng, ddng phuc, sdch ud, dung hgc tap detre em ngheo cd the de'n trUdng); td chdc COV dd hd trd cho em cdc gia dinh ngheo dUdc hgc cdc khod hgc nghe ngdn hgn ve nghi ldm vUdn, nghi mgc, nghe dien, kinh doanh nhd hdng khdch sgn ; ) Su hd trd cua cac TCPCPNN trdng viec hd trd ngudn nhan liic chfnh la sU hd trd true tiep phin ndi lUc ben treng cfla ngUdi nghee de dUa hg tbdat ngheo ben vflng Hd trd ngudn life thien nhien Viet Nam, ngfldi nghee thfldng sd'ng chu ye'u d vflng ndng thdn va thu nhap chi'nh dfla vad nghe ndng Tuy nhien sfl suy thoai cfla ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien dang la mdt nguy cd ldn ddi vdi ngfldi ndng dan dd ngudn Ifldng thflc va thu nhap cua hg phu thudc nhieu vae nhflng ngUdn lflc Thiic chdt cua hd trd ngudn life thien nhien cdc dii dn cua TCPCPNN Id ho trd ngUdi ddn bdo ve vd sd dung hdp ly cdc ngudn tdi nguyen thien nhien sdn cd, bie't khai thdc cdc the manh ue mdt tU 62 nhien cua dia phUdng minh md khdng ldm tdn hgi de'n moi trUdng Mgt sd TCPCPNN da rd't tich ciic hogt dgng linh uiic bdo ve nguon life tii nhien nhU WWF, Birdlife, FFI, Traffic Id nhdng td chdc chuyen ui bdo tdn, nhdng tdchdc ndy dang tie'n hdnh mgt so'dif dn nhU bdo tdn cdc uUdn qudc gia (Phu Mdt, Xudn Thuy, Tam Ddo ) ud phdt trien cdc sinh ke ben udng d cdc uung ndy C i c T C P C P N N da td' chflc nhflng cudc hdi thao, nhflng cudc hgp cd sd m a n g tfnh chat d a n chfl de cflng t r a o ddi k i n h nghiem vdi ngfldi d a n ve t i m q u a n trgng cua ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien ddi vdi ddi sd'ng cua cdn ngfldi Q u a nhflng ldp tap huan, tuyen t r u y e n cfla T C P C P N N , ngfldi dan n h a n thflc dfldc rang, b i d ve tai nguyen thien n h i e n la b i d ve nguen lflc trdng p h i t trien kinh te, b i d ve mdi trfldng de phdng chd'ng thien tai -Qua y kien cua ngfldi dan, cac T C P C P N N se xem xet nhu c l u cfla ngfldi d a n thflc sfl d n gi Hd se hd trd ngfldi d a n ve cay cen gid'ng, ve p h a n bdn neu ngfldi dan c i n Hg cflng se hd trd chuyen gia de cung d p ve m a t ky t h u a t che ngfldi d a n neu ngfldi d a n chd la d n thiet (td chflc GRET da cd dfl I n da nang cad t h u n h a p chd ngudi trdng ludng quy md nhd d T h a n h H d i thdng qua md rdng dien tfch trdng ludng, ap dung cac ky t h u a t mdi, cung cap ven, t h a n h lap cd sd che bien tai chd ) Khdng chi dflng lai d hdat ddng giad due tuyen t r u y e n ve sfl d n thiet p h a i b i d ve mdi trfldng, d c T C P C P N N trdng dfl I n ciia m i n h deu hfldng tdi mdt muc dfch la tad lap mdt ngudn sinh ke chd ngfldi dan phfl hdp vdi dieu kien tfl n h i e n cua dia phUdng de giflp ngfldi dan x d l ddi g i i m nghee, t a n g t h e m t h u n h a p , p h i t Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 8/2009 t r i e n k i n h te tfl n g u e n lflc s a n cd cua dia phfldng D a y mdi chfnh la bien p h a p hflu hieu de b i d ve t a i n g u y e n mdi trfldng mdt d c h b e n vflng T C P C P N N da t h u e chuyen gia la d c can be ndng, lam, thfl y cua h u y e n , t i n h h e a c t r u n g fldng de tfl van, hd trd ngfldi d a n ve m a t ky t h u a t n h l m phuc hdi lai d c gid'ng cay trdng, vat nudi vd'n la dac s i n , ldi t h e cua dia phfldng dd ; c u n g cap chd ngfldi dan nhflng cay, cdn gid'ng t r d n g trfldng hdp ngfldi d a n k h d n g cd dieu kien m u a de n h a n rdng r a t r e n dia b a n dfl an T r e n g dfl an cfla minh, cac TCPCPNN cung chu y den t i c ddng cua dfl I n ddi vdi viec d i thien mdi trudng C i c TCPCPNN thudng m a n h d a n dUa r a nhflng md hinh p h a t trien k i n h te mdi Nhflng md hinh da tflng dfldc thfl n g h i e m t h a n h cdng d mdt sd' nfldc dang p h i t t r i e n va dfldc dieu chinh chd p h u hdp vdi dac diem tfl nhien vflng dfl I n d Viet N a m T r e n thflc te, nhieu md h i n h VAC, md h i n h trdng rflng, md hinh trdng cay cdng nghiep va cay an q u i , md h i n h nudi trdng t h u y h a i san da dudc trien khai va n h a n rdng vdi sfl hd trd ky t h u a t cua chuyen gia Cac h i n h thflc san x u a t ben vflng, k h d n g l a m tdn hai den mdi trudng, sfl d u n g t h a n t h i e n ngudn ldi tfl nhien dfldc k h u y e n khich Chfnh nhd vay n e n tinh h i n h dich b e n h giam d i n , sflc khee cua ngfldi d a n dfldc t a n g len, mdi trfldng tfl nhien dfldc d i thien Hd trd phdt trien ket cdu hg tdng Dfldng s i , d u cd'ng, d a p nudc, trUdng hdc, t r a m xa, h e thd'ng dien nfldc sinh hdat la nhflng cd sd v a t c h a t vd cung q u a n trgng cho sfl p h a t t r i e n da't nfldc ndi chung va chd p h i t t r i e n k i n h te ndi rieng Vdi Sd tien q u y e n gdp dUdc, nhieu Chu Thu Hd - Tdchdc phi chinh phu nudc ngodi vdi hogt dgng TCPCPNN da tai trd dU an giflp dd ngfldi dan xay dflng nhieu ceng trinh ting quan trgng nhlm d i thien dieu kien sd'ng va dieu kien san xuat cua hg Nhflng heat dgng dfldc cac TCPCPNN trien khai la giflp ngfldi dan xay dflng nhflng cdn dfldng dan sinh nham giim bdt sfl each biet ve dia ly, ban che nhflng khd khan treng viec di lai dac biet vao mfla mfla lu; giflp ngfldi dan xay dflng trfldng bgc de cen em ngfldi nghed dfldc den trfldng, dfldc hgc tap trdng dieu kien td't hdn Nhflng benh xa phuc vu ngfldi ngheo cung dfldc mgc len tfl ngudn vd'n hd trd cfla cac TCPCPNN de ngfldi nghed dfldc cham sdc sflc khde td't bdn, thfldng xuyen hdn, t r i n h nhflng rui rd ve tfnh mang khdng ding cd chi vi khdng dfldc chfla tri kip thdi Ngdai ra, nhieu cdng trinh nhfl tram bdm, he thd'ng kenh mfldng, dap chfla nfldc, cac he thd'ng lgc nfldc, hd' xi hdp ve sinh, gieng nfldc sach cung dfldc xay dflng dfldi sfl giflp dd cua d c TCPCPNN nhlm d i thien, phuc vu sin xuat va ddi sd'ng sinh beat chd ngfldi dan tai nhflng vflng ngheo Mdt dfldng d i n sinh, mdt khu chd, mdt ngdi trfldng, mdt tram xl, mdt tram bdm mdi cdng trinh dd nhd be nhflng cd y nghia rat ldn ddi vdi ngfldi din nhflng vflng nghee Nhflng cdng trinh nhfl vay da gdp p h i n lam cho cudc sd'ng cua ngfldi dan dd cd cflc hdn, giam thieu di nhflng chi phi sinh hdat khdng d n thiet sfl khd khan ve dia ban tfl dd d i thien phan nao dieu kien s i n xuat va dieu kien sd'ng cua ngfldi nghee Hd trd nguon life tdi chinh Mdt trdng nhflng khd khan ldn nhat cua ngfldi nghed la thieu ngudn lflc tai chinh Hg khdng cd tien diu tfl vae d c nhu cau sinh hdat tdi thieu ciia b i n than 63 khdng cd tich luy de phdng khe khan va khdng cd vd'n de diu tfl vad sin xuat Xuat p h i t tfl thflc trang va tfl nhu clu ve vd'n cfla ngUdi dan, d c TCPCPNN da cd nhieu du an nhlm hd trd ngudn lUc tai chfnh chd ngUdi dan Tieu bieu chd hinh thflc hd trd ngudn tai chfnh cua d c TCPCPNN la hinh thflc tfn dung nhd Hinh thflc tfn dung dfldc trien khai vae diu nam 1990 va cho de'n da dfldc gan hai chuc nam Day la mdt trdng nhflng linh vUc dUdc ghi nhan cd ddng gdp tich ciic vad cdng cudc xea ddi giim nghed d Viet Nam Bang viec cung d p met sd' tien de lap quy tfn dung chd ngUdi ngheo vay, cac TCPCPNN mong mud'n bd trd them vd'n sin xuat che ngUdi dan, nang cad kien thflc cflng cd hdi kiem sd'ng giflp ngfldi dan tang thu nhap, d i thien va nang cao chat Ifldng cudc sd'ng Dfl In tfn dung cfla d c TCPCPNN da dap flng dfldc nhu clu ve vd'n cfla ngfldi dan ddng thdi can bd cua cac TCPCPNN cdn cd chfldng trinh tap huan giflp ngfldi dan sfl dung ddng vd'n sad chd hieu qui nhat Sau dfl an cham dflt, sd'tien se khdng phii hoan lai cho TCPCPNN tai trd ma dfldc chuyen che ddi tac Viet Nam nham tiep tuc nhan rdng cho nhieu ngfldi vay hdac dflng vd'n dd de thflc hien met dfl an khlc cfla dia phfldng Dfl an tfn dung tiet kiem cua d c TCPCPNN dfldc ghi nhan la cd hieu qua bdi dfl sd' vd'n vay tfldng ddi nhd nhflng nd la khdIn dau tfl ban diu quan trgng trdng hdat ddng tad thu nhap va vdi mgt sd vdn khdng ldn ma cd the giflp dd tai chfnh chd nhieu ngUdi ngbee treng thdi gian dai Thu tuc vay lai ddn giin va ngUdi vay tien dudc hudng dan each tiet kiem, hudng din 64 Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 8/2009 d c h d i u tu Chinh vi vay, k h d I n tfn dung dUdc sii d u n g mdt each cd hieu q u a va ngUdi dan sau mdt thdi gian cd the t r i lai k h d I n tien dUdc vay va van cd dfl vd'n de t i i san xuat Ngudn ven n a y cang dfldc n h a n rdng va cd nhieu ddi tfldng dfldc tiep can ngudn vd'n vdi gia tri dfldc vay cang tang A^di tdm Igi, tin dung nho d khu uyCc ndng thdn Id mgt cdc Unh uifc ndng dgng nhdt cua cdc TCPCPNN Ddy Id ngudn udn khdng ldn nhUng kip thdi, ddp iing nhu cdu vay cua ngUdi ddn Vd ddc biet thdng qua hogt dgng tin dung nhdm, hogt dgng tin dung ciia cdc TCPCPNN dd giup tdng cUdng mdi quan he cgng ddng, di cao tinh thdn trdch nhiem cua cd nhdn vdi ldi ich cua cgng ddng Hdu het cdc TCPCPNN coi tin dung vd tiet kiem Id mgt phUdng tien thong dung de tdng thu nhdp ud tin dung di kem vdi tiet kiem Id sif bdo ue thu nhdp cho ngUdi ngheo Hd trd ngudn liic xd hgi H i u he't d c T C P C P N N t r e n g q u i t r i n h trien khai dfl I n tai trd deu cd d c h e a t ddng n h a m cflng cd' va p h a t huy mdl q u a n he cdng ddng; giflp n a n g cad vai trd cua d c td chflc xa hdi; xay dflng mdt mdi trfldng xa hdi cd tfnh hd trd va lien ket Muc dfch cua nhflng boat ddng dd n h a m giflp ngfldi nghed tfl vfldn len t h o i t ngheo treng tinh ddan ket, tfldng trd cua cdng ddng Khi dfl a n trien k h a i d dia phfldng thi d c cudc hgp thdn b i n cung dfldc td chflc Cic cudc hgp thdn b a n dd m a n g tfnh chat cdng ddng rd net Tai cudc hgp, ngfldi dan dfldc cflng n h a u b a n bac, trad dd'i kinh nghiem vdi n h a u va vach r a phUdng hudng chung n h a m g i i i quyet d c van de ciia cdng ddng minh Tfl sfl nhsit q u a n ve y nghi se la sfl thd'ng nha't h a n h ddng Nhfl vay tfl t r d n g d c dfl I n dd T C P C P N N tai trd, n h i e u cau lac be, nhieu nhdm cflng sd thfch r a ddi cd tac dung giflp t h a n h vien cua m i n h hg gap khd k h a n cudc sd'ng T h a m gia vad cac td chflc hdi dd, ngfldi nghed se d m thay tfl tin hdn, quyen ldi ciia hg dfldc b i d ve va hg n h a n t h a y r i n g m i n h khdng ddn ddc trdng cudc mflu sinh chd'ng lai ngbee ddi Chd de'n nay, chfla cd td'ng ket d i n h g i i chi tiet sfl ddng gdp cua d c T C P C P N N trdng cdng cugc xoa ddi giam ngheo nhflng dieu q u a n trgng la Viet N a m da tie'p t h u dUdc n h i e u k i n b n g h i e m cua dc T C P C P N N thdng qua hdp tac b d t a m vi md va vi md N h i e u md h i n h k i n h te cd hieu qua da dUdc n h a n rdng t r e n nhieu dia b a n ca nUdc Nhflng k i n h nghiem va bai hgc quy b a u dd da gdp p h a n n a n g cao chat lUdng, hieu qua, t i n h b e n vflng cfla cdng cudc xda ddi giam nghed./ TAI L I E U T H A M K H A O E F S Chumacher(1996), NhUng ngudn life, (Sach tham khao), NXB Luan Ddn Judy L - Baker (2002), Ddnh gid tdc ddng ciia cdc Dudn Phdt trien tdi ddi ngheo (Sach tham khao), NXB Van boa - Thdng tin Ha Ngi Nguyen Phiidng Quynh Trang, Michelle Brown, S u s a n n a h , Hopkins Leisher (1999), Ddi tdc phdt trien: Ddng gdp cho Viet Nam cua cdc TCPCP qudc te Van ban du an va bao cao danh gia dii an cfla mgt sd TCPCPNN ... trien khai vae diu nam 1990 va cho de'n da dfldc gan hai chuc nam Day la mdt trdng nhflng linh vUc dUdc ghi nhan cd ddng gdp tich ciic vad cdng cudc xea ddi giim nghed d Viet Nam Bang viec cung... ngudn nhan liic chfnh la sU hd trd true tiep phin ndi lUc ben treng cfla ngUdi nghee de dUa hg tbdat ngheo ben vflng Hd trd ngudn life thien nhien Viet Nam, ngfldi nghee thfldng sd'ng chu ye'u d... nhdm hay mdt phin cua van de da dUdc xic dinh de tien hanh hd trd Tiep thee, d c TCPCPNN se tie'n hanh xay dflng dfl an tai trd vdi cac xjhi tiet cu the cung nhfl ke hoach va cac bien phip de thflc