CHUYÊN ĐỀ VỀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG CỰC CHI TIẾT DÀNH CHO HỌC SINH THCS VÀ THPT. DÙNG CHO DẠY THÊM GIA SƯ. CÓ BÀI TẬP RÈN LUYỆN CHO HỌC SINH. CHỈ VIỆC TẢI XUỐNG VÀ DẠY CHO HỌC SINH. DÀNH CHO CÁC LỚP BỒI DƯỠNG HỌC SINH KHÁ GIỎI
CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (Passive voice) I- PHÂN BIỆT CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG VÀ CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Câu chủ động: * Cách sử dụng: Câu chủ động câu thân chủ thể nhắc đến tự thực hành động Ví dụ: Mary did her homework yesterday (Mary làm tập nhà ngày hôm qua.) Ta thấy chủ thể nhắc đến câu “Mary” thân chủ thể tự thực việc “làm tập nhà” Vây nên ta sử dụng câu chủ động * Dạng thức thông thường câu chủ động: S+V+O Trong đó: S(subject): Chủ ngữ V (verb): động từ O (object): tân ngữ CHÚ Ý: - Động từ câu chia theo Ví dụ: - My parents are preparing a lot of delicious cakes S V O Ta thấy chủ thể “bố mẹ tơi” hồn tồn tự thực việc “chuẩn bị nhiều bánh ngon” Động từ “prepare” chia theo tiếp diễn Câu bị động: * Cách sử dụng: - Câu bị động sử dụng thân chủ thể không tự thực hành động Ví dụ: - My money was stolen yesterday (Tiền bị trộm ngày hôm qua.) Ta thấy chủ thể “tiền tôi” tự “trộm” mà bị “trộm” nên câu ta cần sử dụng câu bị động * Dạng thức câu bị động be + VpII Trong đó: be: động từ “to be” VpII: Động từ phân từ hai CHÚ Ý: Động từ “to be” chia theo chia theo chủ ngữ Ví dụ: - The meal has been cooked (Bữa ăn vừa nấu.) Ta thấy “bữa ăn” tự thực việc “nấu” nên ta cần sử dụng câu bị động Động từ “to be” chia hồn thành với chủ ngữ ngơi thứ số nên có dạng “has been + cooked (động từ phân từ hai) II- CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Cấu trúc biến đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động Chủ động: Bị động: S+V+O S + be + VpII + (by + O) CHÚ Ý: - TÂN NGỮ (O) câu chủ động làm CHỦ NGỮ câu bị động - ĐỘNG TỪ (V) câu chủ động chuyển thành “be + VpII” Trong “be” chia theo chia theo chủ ngữ - CHỦ NGỮ (S) câu chủ động biến đổi thành tân ngữ có giới từ “by” đằng trước (by + O) Ví dụ: - Chủ động: They will sell their house next year S V O -> Bị động: Their house will be sold by them next year S be + VpII by + O Cấu trúc câu bị động với tiếng anh Các Chủ động Hiện đơn Hiện tiếp diễn S + V(s/es) + O Hiện hoàn thành S+ is/am/are + VpII + (by + O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - Mary studies English every day - English is studied by Mary everyday S + is/am/are + V-ing + O S + is/am/are + being + VpII+ (by + O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - He is planting some trees now - Some trees are being planted (by him) now Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ tiếp diễn Bị động S + V-ed + O S + was/were + VpII + (by + O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - She wrote a letter yesterday - A letter was written (by her) yesterday S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were +being + VpII + (by + O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - They were buying a car at am yesterday - A car was being bought at am yesterday S + have/ has + VpII + O S + have/ has + been + VpII + (by + O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - My parents have given me a new bike on - A new bike has been given to me by my my birthday parents on my birthday Hiện hoàn S + have/ has + been + V-ing + O S + have/ has + been + being +VpII+(by + O) thành tiếp diễn Q khứ hồn thành Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - John has been repairing this car for hours - This car has been being repaired by John for hours S + had + VpII + O S + had + been + VpII + (by O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - He had finished his report before 10 p.m - His report had been finished before 10 p.m yesterday yesterday Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn S + had + been + V-ing + O Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - I had been typing the essay for hours before you came yesterday Tương lai đơn 10 Tương lai tiếp diễn S + had + been + being + VpII + (by + O) - The essay had been being typed for hours before you came yesterday S + will + V(nguyên thể) + O S + will + be + VpII + (by O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - She will a lot of things tomorrow - A lot of things will be done tomorrow S + will + be +V-ing + O S + will + be + being + VpII + (by O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - She will be taking care of her children at - Her children will be being taken care of at this this time tomorrow time tomorrow 11 Tương lai hoàn thành S + will + have + VpII + O Ví dụ: S + will + have + been + VpII + (by O) Ví dụ: - She will have finished her studying by - Her studying will have been finished by the the end of this year end of this year 12 Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn S + will + have + been + V-ing + O S + will + have +been + being + VpII + (by O) Ví dụ: Ví dụ: - I will have been teaching English for years by next week - English will have been being taught by me for years by next week CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP ĐẶC BIỆT: 1/ It's your duty to+Vinf >bị động: You're supposed to+Vinf VD: It's your duty to make tea today >> You are supposed to make tea today 2/ It's impossible to+Vinf >bị động: S + can't + be + P2 VD: It's impossible to solve this problem >> This problem can't be solve 3/ It's necessary to + Vinf > bị động: S + should/ must + be +P2 VD: It's necessary for you to type this letter >> This letter should/ must be typed by you 4/ Mệnh lệnh thức + Object > bị động: S + should/must + be +P2 VD: Turn on the lights! >> The lights should be turned on BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC " NHỜ AI LÀM GÌ" Chủ động Bị động Have + sb + V Have + st + P2 Get + sb + to V Get + st + P2 VD: I have my father repair my bike >> I have my bike repaired by my father I get my father to wash my car >> I get my car washed by my father BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ ĐI SAU NÓ LÀ MỘT ĐỘNG TỪ Ở DẠNG VING Các động từ : love, like, dislike, enjoy, fancy, hate, imagine, regret, mind, admit, involve, deny, avoid etc >> Chủ động: S + V + sb + Ving Bị động: S + V + sb/st + being + P2 VD: I like you wearing this dress >> I like this dress being worn by you BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ MAKE/ LET MAKE Công thức chủ động : S + make + sb+ Vinf > Bị động: S +be+ made + to + Vinf VD: They make me make tea >> I am made to make tea LET Công thức chủ động: S + let + sb + Vinf > Bị động: let + sb/st + be P2 be allowed to Vinf VD: My parents never let me anything by myself → My parents never let anything be done by myself or I'm never allowed to anything by myself by my parents They don’t let us beat their dog →They don’t let their dog be beaten or We are not allowed to beat their dog BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TRI GIÁC( Vp - verb of perception: see, watch, notice, hear, look…) 1/ Cấu trúc chủ động: S + Vp + sb + Ving >> Bị động: S + be + P2(of Vp) + Ving (Ai chứng kiến người khác làm thấy phần hành động hành động diễn bị hành động khác xen vào) VD: We saw her overhearing us >> She was seen overhearing us 2/ Cấu trúc 2: S + Vp + sb + V >> Bị động: S + be + P2(of Vp) + to +Vinf (Ai chứng kiến người khác làm từ đầu đến cuối) * NOTE: riêng động từ : feel, find, catch sử dụng cơng thức BỊ ĐỘNG KÉP 1/ Khi main verb thời HIỆN TẠI Công thức: People/they + think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report + that + clause >> Bị động: a/ It's + thought/said/ supposed/believed/considered/reported + that + clause ( clause = S + V + O) b/ Động từ clause để HTDG TLĐ S + am/is/are + thought/ said/supposed + to + Vinf VD: People say that he is a good doctor >> It's said that he is a good doctor He is said to be a good doctor c/ Động từ clause để thời QKDG HTHT S + am/is/are + thought/ said/ supposed + to + have + P2 VD: People think he stole my car >> It's thought he stole my car He is thought to have stolen my car 2/ Khi main verb thời QUÁ KHỨ Công thức: People/they + thought/said/supposed + that + clause >>Bị động: a/ It was + thought/ said/ supposed + that + clause b/ Động từ clause để QKĐ: S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed + to + Vinf VD: People said that he is a good doctor >> It was said that he is a good doctor He was said to be a good doctor c/ Động từ clause QKHT S + was/were + thought/ said/ supposed + to + have + P2 VD: They thought he was one of famous singers >> It was thought he was one of famous singers He was thought to be one of famous singers BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ ĐẶC BIỆT Các động từ : suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend Công thức: S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require + that + clause ( clause = S + V + O) >> Bị động: It + was/ will be/ has been/ is + P2 (of verbs) + that + st + be + P2 ( "be" khơng đổi động từ clause câu chủ động dạng Vinf) VD: He suggested that she buy a new car >> It was suggessted that a new car be bought BỊ ĐỘNG CỦA CẤU TRÚC CHỦ NGỮ GIẢ " IT" Công thức: It + be + adj + for sb + to st >>Bị động: It + be + adj + for st + to be done VD: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour >> It is difficult for this test to be finished in one hour BỊ ĐỘNG TRONG TRƯỜNG HỢP TÂN NGỮ Trong : Oi = Indirect Object Od = Direct Object Công thức: S + V + Oi + Od >>Bị động: 1/ Oi + be + P2( of V) + Od 2/ Od + be + P2( of V) + to Oi ( riêng động từ " buy" dùng giới từ " for" ) VD: My friend gave me a present on my birthday >> A present was given to me by my friend on my birthday I was given a present on my birthday by my friend Bài tập câu bị động có đáp án Câu 1, Chuyển câu sau sang bị động 1.My father waters this flower every morning 2.John invited Fiona to his birthday party last night 3.Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen 4.We should clean our teeth twice a day 5.Our teachers have explained the English grammar 6.Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city 7.Tom will visit his parents next month 8.The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning 9.Did Mary this beautiful dress? 10.I won’t hang these old pictures in the living room 11.The German didn’t build this factory during the Second World War 12.The Greens are going to paint this house and these cars for Christmas Day 13 Ann had fed the cats before she went to the cinema 14.The students have discussed the pollution problems since last week 15.Have the thieves stolen the most valuable painting in the national museum? 16.Some people will interview the new president on TV 17.How many languages they speak in Canada? 18.Are you going to repair those shoes? 19.He has broken his nose in a football match 20.Have you finished the above sentences? Câu The waiter brings me this dish Our friends send these postcards to us 3.Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week 4.Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother 5.You didn’t show me the special cameras 6.She showed her ticket to the airline agent 7.He lends his friend his new shoes 8.She left her relatives five million pounds 9.The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer 10.The board awarded the first prize to the reporter 11.Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family? 12.The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting 13.He hides the broken cup in the drawer 14.They keep this room tidy all the time 15.They all voted the party a great success 16.We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers 17.They moved the fridge into the living room 18.She bought some cups of tea to the visitors in the next room 19.They find the new project worthless 20.The secretary didn’t take the note to the manager Bài 2: Chuyển câu sau sang câu bị động My sister cooks meals every day My mother cleaned the floor yesterday My friend has written ten emails for hours My father is painting our house 10 My sister was buying some food at 11 a.m yesterday My brother uses a pencil to draw beautiful pictures They had finished their work before you came yesterday I will call you If there is any important information 80 CÂU BÀI TẬP VỀ DẠNG BỊ ĐỘNG I Chuyển câu sau sang câu bị động Mary types letters in the office His father will help you tomorrow Science and technology have completely changed human life Peter broke this bottle They are learning English in the room Nothing can change my mind No one had told me about it I don’t know her telephone number My students will bring the children home 10 They sent me a present last week 11 11 She gave us more information 12 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan 13 They can’t make tea with cold water 14 Somebody has taken some of my books away 15 They will hold the meeting before May Day 16 They have to repair the engine of the car 17 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures 18 People spend a lot of money on advertising every day 19 Teacher is going to tell a story 20 Mary is cutting a cake with a sharp knife 21 The children looked at the woman with a red hat 22 They have provided the victims with food and clothing 23 People speak English in almost every corner of the world 24 You mustn’t use this machine after 5:30 p.m 25 After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board 12 II Chuyển câu hỏi dạng đảo Có/Khơng sang câu bị động 26 Do they teach English here? 27 Will you invite her to your wedding party? 28 Has Tom finished the work? 29 Did the teacher give some exercises? 30 Have they changed the window of the laboratory? 31 Is she going to write a poem? 32 Is she making big cakes for the party? 33 Are the police making inquires about the thief? 34 Must we finish the test before ten? 35 Will buses bring the children home? 36 Have you finished your homework? III Chuyển câu hỏi hỏi “H/WH” sau sang câu bị động 37 Why didn’t they help him? 38 How many games has the team played? 39 Where people speak English? 40 Who are they keeping in the kitchen? 13 41 How can they open this safe? 42 What books are people reading this year? 43 How did the police find the lost man? 44 Who look after the children for you? 45 How long have they waited for the doctor? 46 What time can the boys hand in their papers? 47 Who lend you this book? 48 How many marks does the teacher give you? IV Chuyển câu có tân ngữ sau sang câu bị động 49 They paid me a lot of money to the job 50 The teacher gave each of us two exercise books 51 Someone will tell him that news 52 They have sent enough money to those poor boys 53 They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote V Chuyển câu với động từ tường thuật sau sang câu bị động 54 They think that he has died a natural death 55 Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number 14 56 They say that John is the brightest student in class 57 They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack 58 I knew that they had told him of the meeting 59 They declared that she won the competition 60 They rumored the man was still living 61 People think that Jack London’s life and writing’s represent the American love of adventure 62 They reported that the troops were coming 63 People believed that the earth stood still VI Chuyển câu với động từ nhận thức sau sang câu bị động 64 I have heard her sing this song several times 65 People saw him steal your car 66 The teacher is watching the work 67 He won’t let you that silly thing again 68 People don’t make the children work hard 69 They made him work all day 70 The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag 15 71 The terrorists made the hostages lie down 72 Police advise drivers to use an alternative route 73 She helps me to all these difficult exercises VII Cho dạng động từ ngoặc 74 Toshico had her car (repair) 75 Ellen got Marvin (type) by a mechanic her paper 76 We got our house (paint) last week 77 Dr Byrd is having the students (write ) a composition 78 Mark got his transcripts (send) to the university 79 Maria is having her hair (cut) tomorrow 80 Will Mr Brown have the porter (carry) his luggage to his car? I/ Change the following sentences from active into passive form Somebody has taken my briefcase The teacher returned our written work to us She had finished her report by soon The mad dog bit the little boy The police have arrested five suspects The doctor ordered him to take a long rest lightening struck the house 16 A group of students have met their friends at the rail way station They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home 10 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow 11 Marry has operated Tom since 10 o’clock 12 This is the second time they have written to us about this 13 Mr Smith has taught us French for two year 14 They didn’t look after the children properly 15 Nobody swept this street last week 16 People drink a great deal of tea in England 17 People speak English all over the world 18 Tom was writing two poems 19 She often takes her dog for a walk 20 They can’t make tea with cold water 21 The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plan 22 Somebody has taken some of my book away 17 23 They will hold the meeting before the May Day 24 They have to repair the engine of the car 25 The boys broke the window and took away some pictures 26 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday 27 They may use this room for the classroom 28 The teacher is going to tell a story 29 Marry is cutting the cake with a sharp knife 30 The children looked at the women with a red hat 31 She used to pull my hat over my eyes 32 For the past years, I have done all my washing by hand 33 A pair of Robins has built a nest in the porch since last week 34 The police haven’t found the murderer yet 35 They sold one of her paintings at $1,000 36 I will put your gloves back in the drawer 37 People speak English in almost every corner of the world 18 38You mustn’t use the machine after 5.30 p.m 39 Luckily for me, they didn’t call my name 40 After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board 41 You must clean the wall before you paint it 42 They told the new pupil where to sit 43 I knew that they had told him of the meeting 44 Nobody has ever treated me with such kindness 45 No one believes this story 46 A sudden increase in water pressure may break the dam 47 We must take good care of books borrowed from the library 48 A man I know told me about it 49 We can never find him at home for he is always on the move 50 They use milk for making butter and cheese II/ Change the following sentences from active into passive form II Yes – No questions 1.Do they teach English here? 19 2.Will you invite her to your wedding party? 3.Did the teacher give some exercise? 4.Is she going to write a poem? 5.Have they changed the window of the laboratory? 6.Is she making big cake for the party? 7.Has Tom finished the work? 8.Are the police making inquires about the thief? 9.Must we finish the test before ten? 10.Will buses bring the children home? II.2 Wh – question: 11 When will you the work? 12 How many days did she spend finishing the work? 13 How you spend this amount of money? 14 What books are people reading this year? 15 How did the police find the lost man? 20 16 Who looked after the children for you? 17 How long have they waited for the doctor? 18 What time can the boys hand in their paper? 19 Why didn’t they help him? 20 Who are they keeping in the kitchen? II.3 Sentences with verbs “continue and begin” 21 We’ll continue to use this computer 22 They began to plant rubber trees in big plantation 23 People can continue to enjoy natural resources 24 People will continue to drink coca – cola in the 21 century 25 American people began to love football II.4 Sentences with phrasal verbs 26 They gave up the research after three hours 27 Someone should look into the matter 28 Don’t speak until someone speak to you st 21 29 A neighbor is looking after the children 30 Your story brings back pleasant memories II.5 Sentences with verbs of perception: (giác quan) 31 I have heard her sing that song several times 32 People saw him steal your car 33 The teacher is watching them work 34 He won’t let you that silly thing again 35 People don’t make the children work hard 36 They made him work all day 37 The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag 38 The terrorists made the hostages lie down 39 Police advise drivers to use an alternative route 40 She helps me all these difficult exercises II.6 Sentences with “advise, beg, order, urge, agree, decide ” 41 She advised me to sell that house 42 They beg us to help them 43 He orders us to clean the floor 22 44 He recommends me to the job 45 She urged him to visit her parents as soon as possible II.7 Sentences of imperative: 46 Open your book! 47 Take off your hat! 48 Don’t that silly thing again! 49 Let tell them about it! 50 Don’t let the other see you!] II.8 Some special sentences: 51 It is dangerous for us to take the short cut 52 You need to have you hair cut 53 You must see it to believe it hoc tieng anh 54 John wants someone to take some photographs 55 We enjoy writing letter III Read the sentences then write another sentences with the same meaning 1.It is believe that the wanted man is living in New York - The wanted man It is said that many people are homeless after the flood - Many people 23 It is known that the Prime Minister is in favor of the new law - The Prime Minister It is expected that the government will lose the election - The government It is thought that the prisoner escaped climbing over the wall - The prisoner It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen - The thieves It is alleged that he drove through the town at 90 miles an hour - He It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident - Two people It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion - Three men 10 It is said that he is 108 years old - He 11 They rumored the man was still living - The man 12 They declared that she won the competition - She 13 People believed that13 is an unlucky number - Number 13 14 They saw that John is the brightest student in class - John 15 People believed that the earth stood still - The earth VI Change the following sentences into passive voice (5points) She has to pick fruit very early in the morning The house was dirty because she hadn’t cleaned it for weeks She is taking care of the baby girl Children should treat old men with respect She was wearing her new T-shirt when I met her yesterday 24 ... dụng câu bị động Động từ “to be” chia hồn thành với chủ ngữ ngơi thứ số nên có dạng “has been + cooked (động từ phân từ hai) II- CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG Cấu trúc biến đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động. .. câu chủ động sang câu bị động Chủ động: Bị động: S+V+O S + be + VpII + (by + O) CHÚ Ý: - TÂN NGỮ (O) câu chủ động làm CHỦ NGỮ câu bị động - ĐỘNG TỪ (V) câu chủ động chuyển thành “be + VpII” Trong... “trộm” mà bị “trộm” nên câu ta cần sử dụng câu bị động * Dạng thức câu bị động be + VpII Trong đó: be: động từ “to be” VpII: Động từ phân từ hai CHÚ Ý: Động từ “to be” chia theo chia theo chủ ngữ