Introduction of ksap technique survey into communitybased tourism study case study in na hang tuyen quang province

Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 Introduction of KSAP technique survey into communitybased tourism study: Case study in Na Hang, Tuyen Quang province Tran Duc Thanh* Abstract: This paper introduces a new survey method for identifying the capacity of local people in community-based tourism development, that is called KSAP- Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes and Practices The origin of KSAP is known as KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices), which has dominantly been implemented in family planning, community studies, and most frequently in health care service… Although it has widely applied in health studies, KAP is still unknown in the field of tourism research in general, and community-based tourism in particular Learning from scholars in Medicine, we would like to introduce KAP technique into tourism surveys When applied in tourism research, it had better to add a fourth component, which is “Skills” KSAP represents a survey technique that investigates three dimensions of a community's perception thoroughly and scientifically A KSAP survey is a quantitative method (predefined questions in standardized format) that helps to find out both quantitative and qualitative information as well A KSAP survey records opinions and that are based on respondents‟ statements In other words, the KSAP survey reveals what was said, and what is done From the data collected, KSAP helps to identify the gaps between the above components, i.e between what is known, what is know-how, what is aware of and what is done KSAP helps to measure the extent of a known situation to change tourism-related behaviors, to improve tourism-related skills, and to develop practicing tourism business among local people It also suggests an intervention strategy that reflects specific local circumstances and those cultural factors that influence them, and consequently, plans activities that are suited to the respective population involved The result of a KSAP survey at Nahang illustrates the significance of KSAP survey technique Keywords: Community-based tourism; survey technique; public health; KAP; KSAP; Na Hang Received: 22nd December 2015; Revised: 29th September; Accepted: 10th October 2016 Introduction * Sustainable tourism, in general, and community-based tourism in particular, have been the optimal choice to promote tourism in many developing countries, including Vietnam For years, research on communities and their participation in tourism development have been carried out and become a hotlydebated area among tourism researchers in Vietnam However, up to the present, not much of such research have been introduced a standardized procedure for tourism survey on this topic The lack of a consistent methodology, consequently, raises questions about the systematic, objective, and scientific nature of the results In Medicine, especially in Public Medicine, researchers are familiar with * VNU-University of Social sciences and Humanities, Hanoi, Vietnam; email: thanhtd@vnu.edu.vn 537 T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 KAP survey technique KAP study tells us what people know about certain things, how they feel and also how they behave Three components that a KAP study measures are Knowledge, Attitude and Practice The Knowledge possessed by a community refers to their understanding of any given topic Attitude refers to their feelings towards this subject, as well as any preconceived ideas that they may have towards it Practice refers to the ways in which they demonstrate their knowledge and attitude through their actions Understanding the levels of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice will enable a more efficient process of awareness creation as it will allow the program to be tailored more appropriately to the needs of the community (Kaliyaperumal K 2012: 7) In this context KAP survey seems to be an appropriate solution to deal with the rather subjective issue of people's perceptions However, due to specific requirements of tourism business, Skills (tourist professional skills) is to be added and KAP application in tourism research should be recommended as KSAP KSAP, an adaption and innovation of KAP in tourism studies, especially in communitybased tourism can help researchers in the field to reveal and acquire more easily the real characteristics of local people, in order to propose more practical, appropriate suggestions, and solutions to developing tourism in that area The paper may make following contributions: Formally introducing KAP technique into doing surveys for communitybased tourism development; Developing KAP to KSAP technique for more thorough application in analyzing tourism-related community‟s perception; and finally, Illustrating a sample with a case study in Vietnam 538 Literature review on KAP survey technique With aim to putting forward appropriate and suitable solutions to improve the health of poor people, it is fundamental to understand the socio-cultural and economic aspects of the local community Such information has typically been gathered through various types of cross-sectional surveys One of the most popular and widely used has been the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) survey As a quantitative method with the predefined questions formatted in standardized questionnaires, KAP survey is looking not only for quantitative but also for qualitative information Launiala, A (2009) argues that KAP surveys reveal misconceptions or misunderstandings that may represent obstacles to the activities that we would like to implement and potential barriers to behavior change The author notes that a KAP survey essentially records an “opinion” and is based on the “declarative” (i.e., statements) That means the result of the KAP survey shows what was said, and from that, researchers can find out the gaps between what is said and what is done In other words, KAP survey helps us to get at the same time both quantitative and qualitative information Based on the differences found between what is done and what is known, what is aware of, researchers can suggest adequate solutions According to Bamezai Gita et al (2012:17), Sarah Lilley (2012:1), Ratcliffe, John W (1976), the KAP survey first born in the field of family planning and population studies to measure the extent to which an obvious hostility to the idea and organization of family planning existed among different populations Schopper et al (1993) believes that KAP survey began to be utilized for understanding family planning perspectives in Africa in the 1960s and 1970s Later, KAP surveys were widely-used to gather 539 T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 information for public health programs in countries in the South, in India (Bamezai Gita et al 2002) Since then, it has been applied for advocacy, communication and social mobilization strategy planning for community health, HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, etc The World Health Organization (Gueguen J 2010; WHO 2008a; 2008b) and other organizations such as Afric Santé and UNFPA (Kanté Mamadou et al 2013), Handicap International (Goutille Fabienne 2009), Save the Children (Lilley Sarah 2012), etc have issued many guides for KAP survey One of the typical KAP applications in health is a project implemented by Mongolia's Ministry of Health in order to find out factors of indoor air quality and its relationship with respiratory symptoms, where the number of children suffering from bronchitis is 5-15 times higher in Ulaanbaatar than in rural areas (WHO 2008a) Jerry E Sibiya and Jabulani Ray Gumbo 2013 assessed the knowledge, attitude and practices of 2,236 learners (grades to 12) on issues related to water, sanitation and hygiene in selected schools in Vhembe District, South Africa revealed that the level of knowledge about waterborne diseases was relatively high (76.7 ± 1.75%), but knowledge on transmission routes was inadequate Originally, KAP was used as a survey technique to investigate health behavior, and today it continues to be widely used to gain information on community-related studies Many researchers such as Bhattacharyya (1997), Stone and Campbell (1984), Launiala A (2009) agree that, one of the attractive advantages of KAP surveys is attributable to characteristics such as an easy design, quantifiable data, ease of interpretation and concise presentation of results, generalizability of small sample results to a wider population, cross-cultural comparability, speed of implementation, and the ease with which one can train numerators In Vietnam, UNFRA, UNICEF is the first organization to implement the KAP survey on the issue of birth flu (Toan Nguyen et al 2007), on social inclusion for children with disabilities in Da Nang (Dexter Alison et al 2009), in the provinces of An Giang and DongNai in 2011 (Thang Trinh 2011) The main objective of the research by Alison Dexter et al (2009), is to suggest solutions for developing communication strategies and social support for children with disabilities in Vietnam Other applications of the KAP survey focus on health community studies Hoàng Huy Phương et al (2009), Nguyen Phuong Hoa (1999), Nguyễn Thị Thiềng et al (2007), Phan Quốc Hội (2014) are using KAP technique in study HIV/AIDS prevention Toan Nguyen et al (2007), Nguyễn Văn Lành et al (2013), Phan Thu Phương et al (2015), L H u Th (2015) applied KAP in studies of bird flu, patients diagnosed with asthma, prevention of opisthorchis viverrini infection, diabetes type, etc About 160 results can be found with the key words “knowledge, attitudes, practice” in “Medicine Journal Hochiminh City” Among 671 master theses and dissertations from 2007 to 2013 at Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, there are 90 works using KAP technique survey To qualify education outcomes in Medicine, the Ministry of Health issued a guide book titled “Required Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices of the Doctor-Beginners” based on KAP technique (Bộ Y tế 2002) In 2013, a survey on a national scale to collect information about the level of public awareness of science and technology has been deployed by Decision No 2453 / QD-BKHCN of the Minister of Science and Technology Bộ Khoa h c Công nghệ 2013 T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 The literature review shows that the KAP application is rather broad in the issues of medicine prevention, public health like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, bird flu and things alike, but it is hardly to find any theoretical studies on KAP It seems that there is nothing controversial that needs to discuss about KAP technique However, though being familiar with researchers in public heath, it is still out of reach of experts in tourism studies From the works of colleagues in community health, it can be realized that, the KAP survey technique is useful for community tourism as well One of the first applications of the KAP survey technique in tourism is a master thesis in Tourism at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam National University Hanoi by Tạ Tường Vi (2013) under the supervision of the author Other one can be found in the dissertation at the University de la Réunion, France, by Thi My Binh Le (2012) Receiving positive comments from participants in two international conferences encourages the author to test KSAP technique in tourism studies (Tran Duc Thanh 2014, 2015) Methodology To propose suitable solutions to increasing the involvement of local community into tourism development, a research must be based on the capacity and willingness of the local people, that can be expressed in Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes and Practice Researchers should know and find the answers to such questions as follows: What the local people know about potential tourism resources in their region? What the people know about tourism? What are their tourism and hospitality skills? How skillful are they? What are their attitudes toward tourism, and toward tourists? Do they want to have more tourists? What kind 540 of work they practice to serve the tourists? After surveying all components of KSAP, researchers should proceed to identify the gaps between those components One of the important principles that a KSAP questions‟ designer should pay attention is that, the questions must be specific, concrete and measurable, especially the ones about knowledge General questions should be avoided For example, instead of asking “Do you know what is home-stay tourism?” with “yes/no” answers, it had better to question “According to you, home-stay tourism is a type of tourism activity that: the tourist comes to stay in your house; the tourist comes and does as a member of your family during his stay” It is preferable that the questions are multiple choices The questions on the questionnaire are divided into five parts The first part includes questions about demographic characteristics of the respondents The second, the third, and the fourth and the fifth parts successively convey questions on Knowledge, Skills, Attitude, and Practices (participation activities) of the respondents In KSAP surveys, the knowledge part is normally used to evaluate the level of community knowledge about tourism-related concepts and tourism attractions Such concepts like the importance of tourism business for local community, the meanings of some types of tourism that can be practiced in the region such as eco-tourism, communitybased tourism, adventure tourism, trekking tourism, home-stay tourism, heritage tourism, excursion, etc Quantity of these questions on knowledge depends on the diversity of tourism types that can be developed in the region Other questions on knowledge are to find out if 541 T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 and how these people know the value of tourism resources in the region The number of this kind of questions varies based on their tourism resources‟ richness, too The second part of KSAP questionnaire is about Skills Our practical experiences speak out that, the skills are very important in tourism business The lack of communication or service skills is a great barrier to involving local community members in the tourism industry That is the reason why the “S-skills” is introduced as the fourth component to measure the capacity of local people for tourism development This component makes surveys in community-based tourism study different from those in public health or family planning and population studies As tourism industry is one of the most employment creators in the world (UNWTO 2016), it is highly related to jobs, it means to professional skills that afford those jobs Tourism professional skills is one of extremely important conditions for tourism business This information satisfies the need for getting one of the community capacities for tourism development Communication skills, cooking skills, hospitality skills, foreign language speaking skills, training skills, culture and nature interpretation skills, and so on are introduced into the questionnaire Scaled answers to the skills‟ questions helps identify the current level of community capacity for tourism services Like KAP survey, measuring attitudes is an other part of a standard KSAP survey questionnaire However, Cleland (1973), Hausmann-Muela et al (2003), Launiala A (2009) believe that many KAP studies not present results regarding attitudes, probably due to the substantial risk of falsely generalizing the opinions and attitudes of a particular group According to Glossary of Psychological Terms by American Psychology Association1 attitude is the learned, relatively stable tendency to respond to people, concepts, and events in an evaluative way Attitude is usually used to refer to a person‟s general feelings about an issue, object, or person In our study, attitude means general feelings, awareness of the people on tourism development in the location where they live This is either a positive or negative expression of the knowledge, beliefs, emotions, and values of the community toward tourism The questions on attitudes are quite sensitive When confronted with a survey question, people tend to give answers which they believe to be correct, or in general, acceptable and appreciated In some cases an indirect question is a nicer way to find out things than a direct one and may have a more accurate result The question like “All the people in the country know about Cuchi Historical Relics? Sure I think, yes, May be Not all the people, I don’t think so” is better constructed than other way like: Are you proud of that Cuchi Historical Relics? Yes/No (Tran Duc Thanh 2014) The question formulation can be manipulative towards a favorable answer Sometimes, respondents may be uninformed about the issue and thus find it strange, but their attitudes are nonetheless measured In some occasions, the attitude scales (numbers/verbal) may fail to reflect the respondents‟ answers A final and integral part of KSAP surveys is the investigation of tourism-related practices Questions normally concern the use of on the website http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 different activities of the community that may serve tourists such as tourist guiding, lodging, meal providing, transporting, escorting and so forth Questions on what kind of the providing services have been done provide information on the “Practice” Meanwhile, questions asking about the services that are willing to serve to evaluate the attitudes of the respondents toward tourism development After collected data should be analyzed to determine KSAP‟s level of the community Question in the Knowledge section, which often comprise of more than one component of a „correct‟ answer, must be analyzed differently from those in the Attitude section For example, in the Knowledge section if being asked to select a correct answer out of between to choices, a respondent may choose any answer that he believes is correct It will likely be most useful to analyze data from this section in terms of the absolute number of correct responses to a question, so that it can be determined what percentage of the population really knows of tourism industry, tourism resources It is recommended that a researcher prepares tables to illustrate the percentage of correct answers to each questions By doing that, the data will provide a better understanding of the overall knowledge of the population, as there may be some highly knowledgeable members of each group among many others, who entirely lack of knowledge Such a fact would not be apparent without a more detailed breakup of the data Analyses of responses to the Skills section should be conducted in a similar fashion to those of the Knowledge section, and be tailored to the specific nature of each question The answers to the questions in this section will reveal the different practical skills needed in 542 tourism business that respondents have Questions may be direct like: “can you cook?”, “can you teach cooking?”, ”can you dance?”, “can you prepare traditional medicine?”, “can you make brocade?" so on In some cases, having a certificate can be understood as capacity The total of answers “yes” presents skills capacities of the interviewees In the Attitude section, a numerical value can be assigned to each choice in the range of responses, with the middle response given a score of zero and positive and negative scores assigned to those around it In this way a score can be calculated for each individual in relation to the highest possible score The attitudes toward tourism services, deportment toward tourists, travel agents so on are the issues concern to this section In the Practice section there are the questions about tourism-related services that respondents are doing or have done The questions in this section are connected to the local circumstance i.e to natural and cultural tourism resources, to community ability, and are in close relation with the questions in the precedent sections, especially in Skills section One of the most important results after the data analyzing process is to identify and interpret the gaps There are six gaps between four components The first gap is between knowledge and attitude GKA There are two possible cases: K+>A- and K-A-) may be to improving awareness about importance of tourism Reasons of the case of positive attitude but poor practice (A+>P-) may be lack of confidence or underfunded etc Figure 1: The gaps between components of KSAP Interpretation of the gaps requires practical experiences and knowledge of natural and cultural tourism resources of the area as well as customs, traditions of local communities Nahang KSAP survey Introducttion Na Hang is a high mountainous district located in Tuyen Quang province It is in 370km away from Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam There are about 54,000 people of Kinh, Tày, Dao, and Mong ethnic minorities, inhabiting in an area of 1,472km2 Since 2002, a hydroelectric plant has been in construction As a result, an artificial lake of 8,000ha gradually appeared The area available for cultivation was reduced About 4,000 households were forced to move from their traditional homeland Life became difficult Some people adapted to a new way of earning the living as fishermen on the newly created lake Appearance of the lake make landscapes more beautiful Mountains, water falls, and forests combining with the lake have made Na Hang more picturesque and attractive The first tourists came and started enjoying landscapes Shifting from agriculture to tourism industry has become a new opportunity for the local community To strengthen the involvement of Na Hang people for the sustainable development of tourism businesses, it is necessary to study the community capacity T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 One suitable technique investigation is KSAP for such an The application of KSAP was implemented in five stages: 1) Identify the research objective; 2) Outline the survey process; 3) Develop the questionnaire; 4) Conduct pilot surveys and real survey; and 5) Analyze the data The survey was conducted in three villages and one town near the Nahang hydroelectric plant, namely Hồng Thái, Năng Khả, Thượng Lâm and Na Hang town The number of samples is identified based on the following formula: Nz2pq n= -in which: N: the population; z: the distribution 544 N + z2pq With the estimated population who involve in tourism related business is approximately from 700 to 900 persons, the number of samples is calculated to be 260 (with level of confidence 95%, p=0.5, q=1-p) In fact, we delivered 350 questionnaires, and collected 271, that were fully answered The characteristics of participants in tourism industry Among the 271 respondents, most of them (36.16%) are living in Na Hang town, 28.41% are living in Thuong Lam, 27.31% are villagers from Nang Kha and there are only 8.12% from Hong Thai village There is no one from outside Nahang buffer zone Figure 2: Origin of interviewees Source: Survey result by the author A relatively high rate of the survey participants are under 15 years old (27.95%) Female outnumbers male by 55.35% to 44.65% Concerning the education of respondents, the rate of illiterate people and that of undergraduates are exactly the same at 19.57%, showing an unexpectedly high rate of uneducated participants and a low rate of highly educated people compared to the general population as figured by the statistics 545 T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 Figure 3: Gender and ages group of respondents Source: Survey result by author The community's knowledge Figure 4: Respondents' knowledge about CBT Source: Survey result by author There were two major questions conveying the community's knowledge about communitybased tourism (CBT) The first asked about the definition of CBT, and the second asked for the importance of CBT Just below a quarter (23.25%) had the right answer for the first, while those who correctly answered the second is 34.69% There is a notably high rate of respondents who answered them as "I not know" (16.61% for the first and 15.13% for the second) The results indicate that the majority of the participants, who may know the term or not, are fully aware of the economic opportunities the CBT can bring; while, on the other hand, a minority of the population engaged in tourism business spontaneously The community's knowledge of potential tourist resources T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 546 Figure 5: Respondents' knowledge of potential tourism resources of Nahang Source: Survey result by author Among the next eight questions (from No to No14) on the community's knowledge of the site, which were made to be rather specific and difficult for outsiders to answer, the numbers of people having the right answer for each question are lowest at 36.90% and highest at 60.52% The highest rate of incorrect answer is 63.10% The figures of "I not know" or "I not remember" answers are low, below 10% (with an average of 8.72%) These statistics imply that participants have good and fair knowledge of the place, despite the high illiterate rate mentioned above The community's attitude The next seven questions unveil the community's attitude towards the natural and cultural tourist resources and the tourists The results show that almost all of participants (89.67%) are proud of their motherland, and are willing to take part in more tourism-related activities However, all the respondents welcome tourists The reason could be the hospitable nature of the local people and tourism industry here is still in a starting stage Figure 6: Respondents' attitude toward tourism activities Source: Survey result by the author Skills of the community The questions to survey on tourism skills focused on communication skills such as the way of greeting, the behaviors, and some skills of tourist services such as tour guide, motorcycle riding, cooking… 547 T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 Figure 7: Respondents' professional skills Source: Survey result by author The data analysis showed that, the majority of the respondents lack of skills for tourism business The children under 15 years old present high skills in communication, the older have more skills in motorcycle riding, cooking Most respondents of ages between 16-60 are good at tour guide and tourism services Table 1: Skills’ level of the respondents by ages Ages Skills Tour guide Motorcycle riding Cooking Communication Service 60 Low 13 10 23 High 12 15 Source: Survey result by the author The community's participation activities in community-based tourism The last group of questions concerns the current activities as well as the desire for participation in CBT Asked about whether they would introduce their heritage site to tourists, an amazingly high number (43.3%) of respondents said they could not even if they wished to It may be a result of a low education rate, and lack of foreign language skills Thus, it is not surprising that almost all of them (79.53%) are willing to participate in training courses T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 548 Figure 8: Tourism occupation services of the respondents Source: Survey result by the author About the main activities that they participated in, the highest rate (35.83%) falls in drinks2 (25.09%) and foods services (22.51%); the next (about 7%) are xe-om (motor-taxi driving), local products selling, and homestay Many people not get a stable work Collected data also affirm the hypothesis that, the community's participation in CTB is poor in quality and limited in activities as well as in the number of participants Discussion As KAP, a precedent survey technique in family planning and public health, KSAP-an innovated and adapted technique, has a part in developing survey tools for community-based tourism studies, one of the main aspects of sustainable tourism development Attempt at building a relatively standardized KSAP questionnaire is a hard task However, it is worth the contributions and involvement of researchers, who are interested in communitybased tourism work Analysis of data of KSAP survey should be paid more attention to the interpretation and elaboration of results Understanding and taking account of the research context should Selling tea, soft drinks, chewing gum, confections also be a prerequisite for survey research as it is for any kind of qualitative research The case study illustrates the significance of KSAP technique The results point out the gaps between community's knowledge, skills, attitude and practices in CBT The first gap is between their knowledge and attitude This gap can be divided into smaller groups so that more concrete solutions can be put forwards For example, the first group includes those who have strong knowledge and a good attitude but not possess the skills to realize their wish participating in tourism activities Although they are very proud of their places and have many stories to tell about their beloved land, less than half of them are confident enough to put these attitudes into beneficial and meaningful activities for tourism business Thus, the solution for this group is to assist and encourage them to participate in small training courses like communication skills, tour guide skills, language courses, professional talks, etc For the group who has a good attitude but lack of knowledge, a recommended solution is to encourage them to take a more proactive part in the community's tourism activities For other groups who have neither adequate information nor knowledge, more education activities should be promoted 549 T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 through local mass media, and in public halls Finally, tour guide classes for CBT should be widely provided among most groups Conclusion In conclusion, the KAP technique is widely used in the community-related studies, notably in family planning, public medicine and health research thanks to its easy design, interpretation, quantifiable data, etc There is an increasing recognition within the international aid community that improving the health of poor people across the world depends upon adequate understanding of the sociocultural and economic aspects of the context in which public health programs are implemented However, KAP technique is still uncommon in tourism studies, even in community-based tourism research, that requires information about capacities of local people Due to advantages of KAP, that facilitates community studies, it is useful to introduce it into tourism research to develop community-based tourism business, revealing the capacity of local people In this paper, the author has recommended that the four part, Skills, should be nominated to original KAP technique to develop into KSAP because of the specific demand of tourism business as a job creator The author has presented main procedures in questionnaire design, questions that should be asked in each section, and how to analyze them based on gap‟s theory A case study of Nahang survey then illustrates the technique with the emphasis of the significance of the KSAP To be concrete, the data collected from the survey in the buffer zone of Na Hang hydroelectric plant exemplifies the current situation in people's mind through four dimensions: Knowledge, Skills, Attitude, and Practices The gaps found within these dimensions are different between each group of local peoples, suggesting a need for more appropriate solutions for better tourism management Further application of KSAP survey technique will help to develop the research on community-based tourism in particular, and to enhance the research on tourism in general Acknowledgement This paper is a part of research project funded by Vietnam National University-Hanoi, grant number: QG.16.19 References Bộ Khoa h c Công nghệ 2013 Tài liệu điều tra nhận thức công chúng KH&CN năm 2013 Bộ Y tế 2002 Kiến thức - Thái độ - Kỹ cần đạt tốt nghiệp Bác sĩ Đa khoa Dexter Alison, Lien Phuong Tran, Jean Pierre Depasse, Le Mai Khanh, Thu Hang Dam Matthew Erickson 2009 Report on Children with Disabilities and Family Children with disabilities in Danang Knowledge - Attitudes - Behaviour Report for UNICEF Vietnam Gita Bamezai (Project cordinator), Prashant Kesharvani, B.N Ambade, 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10(6): 2282-2295 Published online 2013 Jun doi: 10.3390/ijerph10062282 Tạ Tường Vi 2013 Đánh giá tham gia cộng đồng vào hoạt động du lịch Di tích Lịch sử Đại đạo Củ Chi phương pháp KAP Luận văn thạc sỹ Du lịch h c, bảo vệ trường Đại h c Khoa h c Xã hội Nhân văn, ĐHQG Hà Nội Thang Trinh 2011 A qualitative study of children with disabilities in An Giang, Dong Nai Knowledge Attitude Practice Report for UNICEF Vietnam Thi My Binh Le 2012 Tourisme et développement durable sur le littoral et les iles de 551 T D Thanh / Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vol 2, No (2016) 537-551 la baie de Nha Trang (Vietnam) La thèse pour obtenir le grade de Docteur de géographie Spécialité: Tourisme Université de la Réunion Toan Nguyen, Doan Trong Trung, Thai Thi Thu Ha 2007 KAP Baseline Survey people about bird flu in three provinces of Thai Binh, Thua Thien Hue and Dong Thap Scientific Services Contract with the Ministry of Health, UNFPA Tran Duc Thanh 2014 “KAP Survey On Participation Of The Community Of Cuchi In Tourism Business Proceesing of International Conference on Liberal Arts and Social Sciences.ICoLASS2014) organized by Center for Research Initiative, Liberal Arts and Social Science, University Sains Malaysia:139-145 Tran Duc Thanh 2015 KSAP technique survey in studying Community-based tourism Case study Nahang Area Conference Proceedings “17th International Joint World Cultural Tourism Conference and 3rd World Tourism Conference Tourism: Differentiation and Diversification: 518529 WHO 2008a Advocacy, communication and social mobilization for TB control: a guide to developing knowledge, attitude and practice surveys WHO Country Cooperation Strategy for Mongolia 2010-2015 WHO 2008b A Guide to developing Knowledge, Attitude and Practice surveys, WHO Press, Switzerland Giới thiệu kỹ thuật khảo sát KSAP nghiên cứu du lịch dựa vào cộng đồng: Nghiên cứu trường hợp Na Hang, tỉnh Tuyên Quang Trần Đức Thanh Tóm tắt: Bài báo giới thiệu phương pháp điều tra để xác định lực cộng đồng địa phương phát triển du lịch dựa vào cộng đồng, g i kỹ thuật KSAP (Kiến thức, Kỹ năng, Thái độ Thực hành) Xuất xứ KSAP kỹ thuật KAP (Kiến thức, Thái độ Thực hành), kỹ thuật khảo sát sử dụng nhiều cơng trình nghi n cứu cộng đồng nghi n cứu kế hoạch hóa gia đình, nghi n cứu y tế cơng cộng Kỹ thuật tập trung sâu khảo sát ba khía cạnh nhận thức cộng đồng Mặc dù kỹ thuật quen thuộc nghi n cứu Y h c nghi n cứu du lịch nói chung, du lịch dựa vào cộng đồng nói ri ng, KAP cịn xa lạ H c tập h c giả ngành Y, muốn đưa kỹ thuật vào nghi n cứu khảo sát du lịch, đặc biệt vào du lịch dựa vào cộng đồng Khi áp dụng vào du lịch, cần bổ sung th m thành phần n a kỹ KSAP phương pháp định lượng (câu hỏi xác định trước định dạng bảng câu hỏi chuẩn) cho phép tiếp cận thông tin định lượng định tính Từ d liệu thu thập được, KSAP cho phép xác định khoảng cách gi a thành phần, nghĩa gi a hiểu biết, kỹ năng, thái độ hành động thực tế KSAP hỗ trợ tìm giải pháp nâng cao hiểu biết du lịch, nâng cao kỹ nghiệp vụ du lịch, giúp phát triển hành nghề kinh doanh du lịch nhân dân địa phương Các giải pháp đề xuất phản ánh hoàn cảnh cụ thể địa bàn yếu tố văn hóa, đề kế hoạch phù hợp Kết ứng dụng KSAP Na Hang minh h a tầm quan tr ng kỹ thuật khảo sát KSAP Từ khóa: Du lịch dựa vào cộng đồng; kỹ thuật khảo sát; y tế công cộng; KAP; KSAP; Na Hang  ... Sains Malaysia:139-145 Tran Duc Thanh 2015 KSAP technique survey in studying Community-based tourism Case study Nahang Area Conference Proceedings “17th International Joint World Cultural Tourism. .. Nahang KSAP survey Introducttion Na Hang is a high mountainous district located in Tuyen Quang province It is in 370km away from Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam There are about 54,000 people of Kinh,... developing tourism in that area The paper may make following contributions: Formally introducing KAP technique into doing surveys for communitybased tourism development; Developing KAP to KSAP technique