Information disclosure, transparency and accountability in current law of vietnam

NFORMAT ON D S LOS RE, TRANSPAREN Y AND A N O NTAB L TY RRENT LA W OF V ETNAM ham Van ruong1- A/ rof Dr Vu Cong iao2 In the last fe decades, info mation disclosu e, t anspa ency and accountability in state gove nance have specially been inte ested by inte national o ganizations, gove nments and people of many nations Obligation to pe fo m publicity, t anspa ency, and accountability of competent officials o iginates f om the theo y of the sove eignty of the people and cont ols ove state po e , unde hich the state - as a public po e institution established by the people ho have delegated to it the ight to manage society - is sub ect to the people’s cont ol and supe vision and has to info m and explain to the people about thei o ganization and activities P omoting publicity, t anspa ency and accountability is an activity that most of the count ies a ound the o ld have pe fo med and p oven a g eat effect in p eventing po e abuse, bu eauc acy, and co uption, as ell as enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of state gove nance Info mation disclosu e, t anspa ency and accountability in state gove nance have become a equi ement and condition in many inte national mechanisms and t eaties, one of the “common ules” in the common play g ound in the context of globalization One of the specific example is the info mation disclosu e, t anspa ency and accountability a e defined as one of the most basic p eventive measu es in the United Nations Convention against Co uption of hich Vietnam is a membe Masters tudent o f Constitutional Law and Administrative Law, Batch 24, chool o fLaw - Vietnam National University, Hanoi chool o f Law, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 587 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP “Ope ess, Tra spare cy a d Accou tab l ty State Gover a ce , In Vietnam, since Doi Moi (Renovation) ( 86), the Communist Pa ty and the State have p omulgated a la ee numbe of guidelines, policies and leeal egulations to efo m the o ganization and ope ation of the state appa atus and to p event and fight against co uption In the system of measu es hich is int oduced to achieve those goals, implementation of info mation disclosu e, t anspa ency and accountability in state gove nance is one of the p io ities The latest issue is the La on Anti-co uption 20 and the legal documents guiding this La , and is also mentioned in many official Pa ty documents and othe legal State documents Ho eve , it can be seen f om the actual situation that the implementation of info mation disclosu e, t anspa ency, and accountability in state gove nance of Vietnam still has many sho tcomings and limitations This is conside ed to be one of the main easons fo dec easing the effectiveness of anti-co uption activities in Vietnam By summa izing, compa ing and analyzing legal documents and su vey epo ts hich is elated to the issue, this a ticle cont ibutes to cla ify the cu ent situation on info mation disclosu e, t anspa ency and accountability in state management of Vietnam, focusing on ans e ing the th ee follo ing questions:(i) Ho a e info mation disclosu e, t anspa ency and accountability defined in Vietnam’s la ? (ii) Ho a e the ob ects and scope of “info mation disclosu e” “t anspa ency”, “accountability” defined in Vietnam's la ? (iii) W hat a e the esults of the implementation of legal p ovisions on “info mation disclosu e” “t anspa ency” and “accountability” in Vietnam? Def V et am’s Law t o s of format o d sclosure, tra spare cy a d accou tab l ty Info mation disclosu e, t anspa ency and accountability e e issues hich have been add essed by P esident Ho Chi Minh ight since ou count y gained its independence Acco ding to P esident Ho Chi Minh, officials and state agencies must “act ith dignity”, follo the spi it of “ especting people” “ especting the la ” “being open and st aightfo a d ” That ideology has been exp essed in va ious legal documents in the o ganization and ope ation of the state appa atus since 45 Ho eve , the conside ation of the issue of openness, t anspa ency and accountability in the la as a concept, equi ement, and p inciple in the o ganization and ope ation of the state appa atus came late Especially, of the th ee concepts mentioned above, the concept of co uption as 588 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP “Ope ess, Tra spare cy a d Accou tab l ty State Gover a ce fi st mentioned in the constitution Ho eve , a legal definition of co uption as not given until in O dinance No 2-L/CTN on anti-co uption, dated 26 Feb ua y 8, by the Standing Committee of the National Assembly, stated that: “Co uption is an office holde ho abuses of his/he official capacity to embezzle, to take b ibes o kno ingly act against the la fo self-seeking motives, causing damage to the p ope ty of State, collectives and individuals and inf inging on the p ope functioning of agencies and o ganizations ”2 The 2005 La on Anti-co uption (amended and supplemented in 2007 and 20 - he einafte efe ed to as the 2005 La on Anti-co uption) - defined co uption ith fe e o ds: “Co uption is an act of an officice holde ho abuses of his/he official capacity fo pe sonal gain”3Hie 20 La on Anti-co uption inhe ited this definition4 In te ms of info mation disclosu e and t anspa ency, initially as a mean to fight against co uption, O dinance No 2-L/CTN also egulated that people ith position and po e must decla e houses, land and othe valuable assets of g eat value5 The O dinance also stated that allocation and use of state budget funds, state capital and assets fo ta geted p o ects and p og ams that e e app oved by competent agencies o o ganizations must st ictly comply ith la p ovisions and app ov content and must be disclosed to elevant agencies, o ganizations and the people di ectly using it Mobilization of the people’s cont ibuted capital fo investment in building o ks and setting up funds outside the State's egulations must be discussed and decided by the people Use of that capital must be fo the ight pu pose and publicized fo people to supe vise and submit to the inspection and examination by competent state agencies 6Ihese can be conside ed to be the fi st egulations on openness and t anspa ency in Vietnam’s anti-co uption la , but not a definition the eof yet A ticle 8, Constitution: “State agencies and officials must espect the people, devotedly se ve them, maintain close contact ith them, listen to thei opinions and be unde thei supe vision; esolutely fight against eve y exp ession of bu eauc acy, a ogance, autho ita ianism and co uption” 2O dinance No 2-L/CTN by Standing Committee of National Assembly dated 26 Feb ua y Ỉ on antico uption 3Clause 2, A tide ,2005 La on Anti-Co uption (amended and supplemented in 2007,20 2) 4Clause , A ticle 3,20 La on Anti-Co uption Clause , A ticle 4» O dinance No 2-L/CTN dated 26 Feb ua y on anti-co uption 6Clause 2,3, A ticle 5, O dinance No 2-L/CTN dated 26 Feb ua y on anti-co uption 58 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP “Ope ess, Tra spare cy a d Accou tab l ty State Gover a ce Acco ding to Dictiona y of Vietnamese, info mation disclosu e is “not hiding and keeping sec et but disclosing to eve yone”, t anspa ency is “self-evident and specific”2 Simila ly, Vietnamese Dictiona y defines openness as “disclosu e, let people kno ”3, and t anspa ency as “clea and specific4” So, compa ed to info mation disclosu e, t anspa ency imposes highe equi ements T anspa ency is not only info mation disclosu e but also equi es initiative, esponsibility and honesty in the implementation of info mation disclosu e Accountability, due to being a ne definition, is not mentioned in Vietnamese dictiona ies Ho eve , acco ding to Encyclopedia B itannica, the te m “accountability” is used to desc ibe the esponsibility fo “explaining” the behavio ofcompetent officials in pe fo ming thei duty5 With ega ds to la , the 2005 Anti-co uption La fi st defined info mation disclosu e: “Info mation disclosu e means the publication of official info mation on documents, activities o ce tain contents supppỉied by agencies* o ganizations o units6” The La also defined t anspa ency but only in the ange of assets and income: “P ope ty and income t anspa ency means decla ation of p ope ty and income by pe sons ho a e obliged to make such decla ation hich, hen necessa y, shall be ve ified and concluded7” The 20 Anti-co uption La gave a ide definition that combined both info mation disclosu e s and t anspa ency: “Info mation disclosu e and t anspa ency of agencies, o ganizations and units means disclosing info mation and p ovision of explanation fo the o ganization’s st uctu e, pe fo mance of duties, entitlements and esponsibilities of agencies, o ganizations and units du ing thei ope ation”8 Rega ding accountability, the 2005 Anti-co uption La did not give any legal definitions but specified: “Upon equest, competent state agencies shall p ovide explanation fo thei decisions o actions du ing the pe fo mance of thei duties befo e agencies, o ganizations and individuals hose legal ights and inte ests a e di ectly Big Dictiona y of Vietnamese, Chief Autho Nguyen Nhu , Ho Chi Minh National Unive sity Publishing House, 2007, p 346 Big Dictiona y of Vietnamese, cited book, p 037 3Vietnamese Dictiona y, Encyclopedia Publishe 20 0, p 277,8 4Vietnamese Dictiona y, Encyclopedia Publishe 20 0, p 277,8 5 b itannica com 6Clause A ticle 2005 Anti-Co uption La (as amended in 2007 and 20 2) 7Clause A ticle 2005 Anti-Co uption La (as amended in 2007 and 20 2) Clause A ticle 20 Anti-Co uption La PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP “Openness, ransparency and Accountability in tate overnance affected by such decisions o actions ” Additionally, the La egulates the explaining obligation of the o igin of an inc eased asset2 Next, accountability as mentioned in the 20 Constitution: “Ministe s and heads of ministe ial-level agencies shall epo t to the Gove nment and the P ime Ministe and exe cise a egime of epo ting to the People on issues pe taining to thei espective management3” Ho eve , until 20 8, the Anti-co uption La gave a legal definition of this te m, acco dingly: “accountability is the esponsibility of a competent o ganization, unit o individual (he einafte efe ed to as “competent autho ity”) to cla ify info mation and p ovide timely and adequate explanation about his/he decision o actions du ing pe fo mance of his/he duties4” Co te ts o f st tut o o format o accou tab l ty A t -corrupt o Law o f V et am d sclosure, tra spare cy a d Cu ently, institutions on info mation disclosu e, t anspa ency a e p esented in a se ies of egulations in Section , Chapte II of the 20 Anti-Co uption La , hile the institution on accountability is p esented in a egulation in the 20 Antico uption La and some egulations of Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP, dated July 20 , specifically egulating a numbe of a ticles and measu es fo the implementation of the 20 Anti-Co uption La Contents o f institution on openness and transparency The 20 Anti-co uption La specifies some gene al p inciples: Agencies, o ganizations and units shall disclose all info mation about thei o ganization st uctu e and ope ation, except fo state sec ets, business sec ets and othe info mation p esc ibed by la Additionally, info mation disclosu e and t anspa ency shall be accu ate, dea , adequate and timely and comply ith la p ocedu es established by competent autho ities6 Info mation disclosu e and t anspa ency ange includes: a) Implementation of policies and la s elevant to the la ful ights and inte ests ofofficials, public employees, othe employees, se vicemen and citizens; b) Dist ibution, management and use of public funds, public assets o funds f om othe la ful sou ces; c) Human esou ce A ticle 32a 2005 Anti-Co uption La 2A ticle 46b 2005 Anti-Co uption La 3Clause A ticle ,20 Constitution 4Clause A ticle 20 Anti-Co uption La 5A ticle 20 Anti-Co uption La 6A ticle 20 Anti-Co uption La PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP “Ope ess, Tra spare cy and Accountability in tate overnance management; code ofconduct fo office holde s; d) Implementation ofpolicies and la s ot er t a t ose me t o ed Po t a,b a d c oft s Clause ave to be d sclosed bylaw Besides the info mation mentioned, state agencies that have influence ove othe state agencies and individuals shall disclose info mation about administ ative p ocedu es Info mation can be published in one of the follo ing manne s: a) Making announcements at meetings of the o ganization; b) Posting info mation at the p emises of the o ganization; c) Sending itten notices to elevant o ganizations; d) Publishing p inted matte s; e) Making announcements th ough mass media; f) Posting info mation on ebsites; g) Holding p ess confe ences; h) P oviding info mation on demand3 State agencies shall hold p ess confe ences, make public announcements and p ovide info mation fo the p ess on a pe iodic o ad hoc basis ega ding thei o ganizational st uctu e and ope ation, anti-co uption o ks and actions against co uption cases in acco dance ith ou nalism la s4 In addition to agencies, o ganizations and units in the public secto , Dec ee No /200 /ND-CP, dated July 20 , specifically egulates a numbe of a ticles and measu es fo the implementation of the 20 Anti-co uption La and specifies the implementation of openness and t anspa ency in o ganizations and the ope ation of co po ations and o ganizations outside the public secto that mobilize People’s cont ibutions fo cha ity pu poses Acco dingly, these entities must issue specific egulations on openness methods, contents and have esponsibility fo openness and t anspa ency, complying ith the cha acte istics of thei ente p ises and o ganizations5 The contents that equi e info mation disclosu e and t anspa ency a e; a) The implementation of policies, egulations and la s on the legal ights and benefits of o ke s, membe s o pa tne s; sala ies and benefits; o king hou s, b eak time and othe social elfa e; code of conduct, ente p ises and o ganization’s cha te s; the o ganization and assignment of pe sonnel and othe contents equi ing openness and t anspa ency in acco dance ith elated egulations and la Fu the contents that equi e openness and t anspa ency a e: egulations on mobilizing, managing and using ! Clause A ticle 20 Anti-Co uption La 2Clause A ticle 20 Anti-Co uption La 5Clause A ticle 20 Anti-Co uption La 4A ticle 20 Anti-Co uption La 5A ticle 53 Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP 6A ticle 53 Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP _“Ope ess, Tra spare cy a d Accou tab l ty in tate Gover a ce the cont ibutions fo cha ity pu poses; the ights and obligations of the cont ibuto s and the beneficia ies; the pu poses of mobilized cha itable cont ibutions; the sub ects, methods and amount ofcont ibution; the esults of mobilization, hich include: the list of cont ibuto s, sponso s, the methods and amount of cont ibutions and sponso ship; the esults of managing and using the cont ibutions fo cha ity pu poses 2.2 Co te ts o f accou tab l ty st tut o An o ganization o individual shall p ovide explanation fo thei decisions o actions du ing pe fo mance of thei duties at the equest of the o ganization o individual that is di ectly affected by such decisions o actions The explaining pe son shall be the head of the o ganization o a pe son la fully autho ized to p ovide explanation The e a e t o cases of explanation as egulated by La : (i) In the cases hen a p ess agency that publishes info mation about violations of la equests explanation fo the pe fo mance of duties and affai s assigned; and (ii) hen supe vising autho ities o othe competent autho ities equest explanation in compliance ith elevant la s2 Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP p omulgates a se ies of egulations specifying clause , A ticle 20 of the Anti-co uption La as follo s: ~Contents of explanation: The legal basis fo the decision o the action The autho ity to make the decision o take the action The p ocedu es fo making the decision o taking the action The contents of the decision o the action3 - Conditions fo accepting explanation equests: Ih e equesting pe son must have full legal capacity o have a legal ep esentative in acco dance ith egulations and la The decisions o actions of the equested pa ty must di ectly impact on the legal ights and p ivileges of the equesting pa ty4 - Reasons fo e ecting explanation equests: Failu e to satisfy the conditions specified in A ticle of this Dec ee The contents of the explanation equest specified In A ticle of this Dec ee have al eady been explained o have been taken ove by the A ticle 53 Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP 2A ticle 20 Anti-Co uption La A ticle Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP 4A ticle Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP “Ope ess, Tra spare cy a d Accou tab l ty State Gover a ce competent agencies, o ganizations, units o individuals unless the equesting pa ty p ovides good easons The equesting pe son is unable to cont ol thei behavio due to stimulants o acting in manne s that dis upt public o de , intimidate o offend the p ide and self-esteem ofthe equested pa ty The autho ized pe son o ep esentative lacks valid pape s specified by la - Contents beyond explanations: Sec ets of the state, p ivate lives o business sec ets as specified by la The di ections o o de s fo the implementation and o ganization of the tasks, civil conducts ithin the agencies, o ganizations o units that a e not publicized, implemented o the di ections and o de s given by the supe io s to the infe io s2 - Responsibilities of head of agencies, o ganizations and units in p oviding explanations: Elabo ate the esponsibility to p ovide explanations acco ding to the ules and egulations of the agencies, o ganizations o units Assign individuals o depa tments to take explanation equests O ganize, di ect, expedite and supe vise the implementation of p oviding explanation and the penalties fo violations ithin thei competence3 - Rights and esponsibilities of equesting pe son: The equesting pa ty has the follo ing ights: a) Request explanations by themselves o via a ep esentative ith full civil capacity; b) Withd a the hole o pa tial explanation equest; c) Receive the itten ep esentation of the explanation of the explaining agencies, o ganizations, units o individuals; d) Complain and/o denounce as pe la The equesting pe son has the follo ing obligations: a) State thei full name, add ess o p esent pe sonal pape s o autho ization pape ; b) Follo the p ocedu es specified in Section 3, Chapte II of this Dec ee and othe elated egulations and la s; c) Make clea , t uthful and suppo ted statements ega ding the contents of the explanation equests; d) P ovide info mation and documents ega ding to the contents of the explanation equests4 - Rights and esponsibilities of the equested pe son: The explaining pe son has the follo ing ights: a) Demand info mation o documents of the equesting pa ty ega ding the explanation equests; b) Inst uct the equesting pe son to follo A ticle Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP 2A ticle Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP 3A ticle Dec ee No /20 4A ticle Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP /ND-CP PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP _“Ope ess, Tra spare cy a d Accou tab l ty State Gover a ce the p ocedu es specified in Section 3, Chapte II of this Dec ee and othe elated egulations and la ; c) Re ect the explanation equests fo easons specified in A ticle of this Dec ee The explaining pe son has the M o ing obligations: a) Accept the explanation equests ithin his/he competence; b) Inst uct the equesting pe son to follo the p ocedu es specified in Section 3, Chapte II of this Dec ee and othe elated egulations and la ; c) Respond to the equests in acco dance ith the p ocedu es and deadline specified in this Dec ee and othe elated egulations and la - P ocedu e fo p oviding explanations: + Explanation equests: The explanation equest must be made in itten fo m o in pe son to the equested pa ty The equest in itten fo m: a) The equest must state specifically the contents of the explanation; specify full name, add ess, phone numbe o email add ess of the equesting pe son, b) The itten equest must bea the signatu e o finge p ints of the equesting pa ty The equest in pe son: a) The equesting pe son must info m the explaining pe son of the equest contents If multiple pe sons simultaneously equest the same contents, a ep esentative must be appointed to delive the equest The appointment of the ep esentative must be made in itten fo m bea ing the signatu es o finge p ints of the equesting pe sons; b) The explaining pe son must desc ibe t uthfully the contents ofthe equest on pape ; specify the full name, add ess, phone numbe o email add ess of the equesting pe son, c) The equesting pe son must sign o append finge p ints to the explanation equest + Accepting explanation equests2:The equested pa ty ill accept the equest if the equesting conditions a e met and easons fo e ection a e avoided, both of hich a e specified in A ticle and A ticle of this Dec ee, espectively If the equest is outside his competence, the ecipient shall inst uct the equesting pe son to contact the competent autho ity as pe la If the itten equest fails to meet the equi ements specified in Clause 2, A ticle ofthis Dec ee, the ecipient must inst uct the equesting pe son to add mo e info mation and/o documents If the equested contents have al eady been explained, the equesting pe son ill be p ovided ith copies of the itten explanation Within o king days f om the day on hich the equest is eceived, the explaining pe son must send a itten notice to the equesting pe son about hethe o not he/she ill p ovide an explanation and if not, p ovide easons A ticle 2A ticle Dec ee No /20 Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP /ND-CP 5 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP “Ope ess, Tra spare cy a d Accou tab l ty State Gover a ce + Implementation of p oviding explanations ^ a equest ith simple contents is made in pe son, an explanation can be p ovided di ectly The di ect explanation must be documented and signed o finge p inted by both pa ties Fo othe cases, the explanation shall adopt the follo ing p ocedu e: a) Collecting and ve ifying elevant info mation; b) Contacting ith the equesting pe son di ectly to cla ify the elevant info mation if necessa y The contents must be documented and signed o finge p inted by both pa ties; c) Issuing a itten ep esentation; d) Sending the itten ep esentation to the equesting pe son Ih e itten ep esentation must include the follo ing info mation: a) The equesting pa ty’s full name and add ess; b) The content of the explanation; c) Hie esult afte o king ith the othe o ganizations and individuals (if applicable); d) The legal basis of the explanation; e) The detailed contents of the explanation 4- Deadline fo p oviding explanations2: The explanation must be p ovided ithin days f om the day on hich the explanation equest is eceived; p ovided complicated contents, the deadline can be extended once ( time) only, fo no mo e than anothe days and the equesting pa ty must be notified in iting Ih e suspension du ation specified in Clause , A ticle of this Dec ee ill not count to a ds the deadline fo an explanation + Suspension and cancellation of explanation p ovisions3:Du ing the p ovision of explanation, the explaining pe son ili call fo a suspension if: a) The equesting pe son has deceased and his/he hei is not yet identified; the agency, o o ganization involved in the case is split, me ged o dissolved and the e is no eplacement yet; b) The equesting pe son is incapable of civil acts and his/he legal ep esentative is not yet identified; c) The equesting pe son is ill o , because of any othe ob ective easons, the explaining pe son is unable to fulfill his/he duty The explaining pe son shall p oceed to explain hen the causes fo suspension a e co ected The explaining pe son ill call fo a cancellation if: a) The equesting pe son has deceased ithout hei ; the agency o o ganization involved in the case is split, me ged o dissolved ithout any eplacements; b) The equesting pe son lacks legal capacity and does not have a legal ep esentative; c) he equesting pe son ithd a s all explanation equests A tide Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP 2A ticle Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP 3A ticle Dec ee No /20 /ND-CP PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP “Ope ess, Tra spare cy a d Accou tab l ty State Gover a ce Number/perce tage of Ce tral M str es a d age c es publ c z g budget docume ts Numbe /' Documents pe centage I Estimates of budget evenues - expenditu es by 20 (27%) II Repo t on unit budget implementation by the fi st qua te of 20 0(%) III Repo t on unit budget implementation by months of 20 (0%) IV Repo t on unit budget implementation by months of 20 V Repo t on unit budget implementation by 20 VI Final settlement of state budget evenues and expenditu es by 20 (2 7%) (2 7%) 6( 2%) On timeliness: In acco dance ith guidance by the Ci cula /20 7/TT-BTC, as of / 2/20 8, agencies and units a e compelled to publicize 20 Estimate documents ithin days; hile Repo ts on budget implementation by 3, and months must be publicized ithin days afte the end of the qua te ; epo ts on implementation by 20 must be publicized befo e Decembe 20 8; epo ts on final statements by 20 must be publicized ithin days afte the date of app oval by autho ized agencies Ho eve , the esult of MOBI20 sho ed that almost all cent al minist ies and agencies failed to publish the budget documents ithin the equi ed time f ame (as sho n in the table belo ) Number/perce tage o f Ce tral M str es a d age c es w c publ c zed budget docume ts t me Documents I Estimates of budget evenues - expenditu es by 20 II Repo t on unit budget implementation by the fi st qua te of 20 III Repo t on unit budget implementation by months of 20 IV Repo t on unit budget implementation by months of 20 V Repo t on unit budget implementation by 20 VI Final settlement of state budget evenues and expenditu es by 20 Numbe / pe centage (2 7%) 0(%) (0%) (0%) (0%) 4( 8%) On fullness: Fullness is evie ed in te ms of hethe the publicized info mation includes cla ification epo ts, official decisions and attached cha ts o tables On the basis of this c ite ion, the esult of MOBI20 sho ed that the e as only one unit (Minist y 1M OB I20 8, p 602 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP “Ope ess, Tra spare cy a d Accou tab l ty State Gover a ce of Indust y and T ade) that fully publicized cla ification epo ts, official decisions, and tables and cha ts attached to Estimates of evenue - expenditu e of the unit in 20 Fu the mo e, fullness is also sho n via the fullness of tables and cha ts in compa ison ith contents elevant to the evenues and expenditu es in A ticle No I, I Fo m No /CK NSNN in acco dance ith egulations in the Ci cula No /TTBTC In this espect, the MOBI 20 esult also sho ed a ve y gloomy pictu e, ith only ve y fe cent al minist ies and agencies meeting the equi ements (as sho n in the t o follo ing cha ts) The fullness o f evenues in Budget estimates in 20 MOBI20 8, p 2M OBI20 8, p 20 5M OBI20 8, p 603 PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP "Ope ess, Tra spare cy a d Accou tab l ty State Gover a ce On convenience: Convenience is evie ed in te ms of hethe the po tal of the unit has di ecto y on budget openness, hethe the di ecto y contains documents o links to nload the documents, and hethe the fo mat ofthe publicized documents is usable o needs conve ting by othe tools o soft a e The anked esult of MOBI 20 sho ed that the e e e only out of 37 cent al agencies and minist ies satisfying this c ite ion but none of them achieved the maximum sco e (as sho n in the cha t belo ): Ra ked result o t e co ve e ce t e budget ope ess of Ce tral M str es, age c es Mtníĩừv 0* 20 (%)2 fte xtfte* Sf i tnW s m s n t DhhkGcmmttW M strvcf ift&KtrYUKlYrKte V fe tn m A c a d e m y * S o d a * S c to K W Minist y ÍT anspo t M M ft v tfQ t eif t, Spo ts MWtt y o f Ubou , t *u£ án d Teu fsm A fte t M W t ycf HcmeAW $ M lis D v ó ỉfv ^ n o s' *e Central