Factors affecting the social entrepreneurial intention of vietnam business student

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY - NGUYEN THI BICH NGOC FACTORS AFFECTING THE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF VIETNAM BUSINESS STUDENTS MASTER'S THESIS BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Hanoi, 2018 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI VIETNAM JAPAN UNIVERSITY NGUYEN THI BICH NGOC FACTORS AFFECTING THE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF VIETNAM BUSINESS STUDENTS MAJOR: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION CODE: 60340102 RESEARCH SUPERVISOR: DR PHAM THI LIEN PROF DR DANIEL ARTURO HELLER Hanoi, 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENT ABSTRACT ABBREVIATION LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the thesis 1.2 Subject and scope of research 1.2.1 Subject of research 1.2.2 Scope of research 1.3 Research objectives and research questions 1.3.1 Research objectives 1.3.2 Research question 1.4 Research contribution CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The key terms 6 2.1.1 Entrepreneurship 2.1.2 Social entrepreneurship 2.1.3 Entrepreneurial intention 10 2.1.4 Social entrepreneurial intention 11 2.1.5 Social enterprise 14 2.2 Previous related research in Vietnam 15 2.3 The variables in the proposed model 16 2.4 The research gap 19 2.5 Hypotheses 20 2.6 Research model 23 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Variables measurement and Questionnaire development 27 27 3.2 Data collection CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Descriptive statistics 27 32 32 4.1.1 Gender percentage 32 4.1.2 The percentage of different university 32 4.1.3 The age 33 4.1.4 The family member start own venture 33 4.2 Testing the reliability, EFA, and regression 34 4.2.1 Step 1-Cronbach’s Alpha Test 34 4.2.2 Step 2-Analyzing exploratory factor analysis (EFA) 35 4.2.3 Step 3-Analyzing Pearson correlations and Regression 39 Analysis Pearson correlations 39 CHAPTER 5: DISCUSSION AND CONTRIBUTION 44 5.1 Discussion 44 5.2 Contribution 47 CONCLUSION AND LIMITATION 49 CONCLUSION 49 LIMITATION 50 FUTURE PLAN 51 REFERENCES 52 APPENDIX 61 APPENDIX 66 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to my two supervisors: Professors Daniel Arturo Heller and Associate Professor Pham Thi Lien for scientific guidance, support, and immense knowledge During the data analysis, I have had the pleasure of cooperating with a number of my fellows, my advisors I am looking forward to continuing the collaboration A very special thanks go to my enthusiastic friends for their support and encouragement Lastly, I would like to express appreciation to my mom, my husband, my children who have always supported my education and motivated me for learning I am grateful for their patience, understanding and vast amounts of love ABSTRACT The social entrepreneurial intention is an interesting theme in the study field in the world In Vietnam, social entrepreneurship is known through practical models such as the successful social enterprises: Kymviet, Koto, Tohe than the theoretical model Therefore, the research on the social entrepreneurship in Vietnam is still limited This research refers the determinants of social entrepreneurial intention of Vietnamese business students, especially, the master students at business institutions in Hanoi According to the previous studies, the writer built the model with seven factors and the questionnaire with 42 items After collecting the data on face to face and online at four universities, 198 respondents answered the questionnaire 183 answers are suitable for the future analysis By quantitative analysis method, the results showed that four main factors: extra-curricular entrepreneurial activity, perceived support, entrepreneurial experience and self-efficacy have positive effects social entrepreneurial intention From the result, the writer compared with previous research and proposed the solution to improve the social entrepreneurial spirits of master students at business institutions Keywords: Social entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurial entrepreneurial intention, Social enterprise, entrepreneurship education intention, ABBREVIATION ICSE International conference social entrepreneurship GEM Global entrepreneurship monitor NEU National Economics University SE Social entrepreneurship SE-I Social entrepreneurial intention VCCI Vietnam Chamber of Commerce and Industry LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 The definition of the various previous researchers………………… Table 4.1 Reliability Analysis of Construct 35 Table 4.2 KMO and Bartlett's Test 36 Table 4.3 Rotated Component Matrix 37 Table 4.4 Pearson Correlation 39 Table 4.5 Model summary 41 Table 4.6 Result of the regression analysis 42 Table 4.7 Result of hypothesis testing 43 Table 5.1 Comparing with the research of Tran, Kroflesch (2017) 43 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 Social entrepreneurial intention framework 24 Figure 2.2 The theory of planned behavior 25 Figure 2.3 The Model of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions 25 Figure 2.4 The proposed framework………………………………………… 26 Figure 4.1 The Percentage gender of respondents 32 Figure 4.2 The percentage of different university 32 Figure 4.3 Responding Age 33 Figure 4.4 Family member started business 34 Figure 5.1 The result of testing proposed model 44 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the thesis Entrepreneurship is a field that several researchers have been exploring in recent years The entrepreneurial spirit is well-known as a critical activity for economic and social development, and creating the job as well Simultaneously, entrepreneurship plays a crucial role in contributing to economic development and better society Entrepreneurship is the key of a sustainable economic development for most of economies in the world However, how to promote and create the background to develop the entrepreneurship in a country, especially, in perspective accompanies with the sustainability of economic and society? Moreover, to find a respectable way to develop the entrepreneurship must be considered, the people who determine their career in entrepreneurship usually face up with ups and downs through entrepreneurial process Making several mistakes and struggles, the entrepreneurial model is gradually becoming well (Minniti & Bygrave, 2001) The researcher - Kirzner (1997) compared that entrepreneurship is considered as the result of remarkable abilities expressed by individuals in the society When entrepreneurs find out the opportunity? Which way they should implement to explore themselves? 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Have your family members ever started a business? Yes No II Information regarding the education, experience, extra-curricular activities, role model, perceived support 61 Enterpreneurship Education How much have you learnt during your MBA education regarding the following areas? Please indicate your level of agreement (1= Not at all, 5= Very much) 5 Opportunity recognition Opportunity evaluation Starting a business Corporate entrepreneurship 10 Social entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship Experience Please indicate the level of your experience in these following activities (1= not at all, 5= very much) 11 New business venture start-up 12 New market development 13 New product development 14 Social entrepreneurship Extra-curricular activities Please indicate the level of your frequency in following activities (1 = Never, = Very often) 15 Attend to a conference(s) about entrepreneurship 16 Attend to entrepreneurship a conference(s) about social 17 Participate in a competition(s) about creating a new product/service 18 Participate in a competition(s) about creating a new social product/service 62 19 Participate in a competition(s) about entrepreneurship (idea, business plan, business model, etc.) 20 Participate in a competition(s) about social entrepreneurship (idea, business plan, business model, etc.) 21 Be a member of entrepreneurship related-clubs 22 Be a member of social entrepreneurship relatedclubs 23 Participate in a talk(s) or a forum(s) or an interview(s) with entrepreneurs 24 Participate in a talk(s) or a forum(s) or an interview(s) with social entrepreneurs Perceived support Please indicate the level of support you expect to receive from the following groups if you become a social entrepreneur (1 = Totally disagree, = Totally agree) If I become a social entrepreneur, I would be financially supported by… 5 25 My closest family 26 My friends 27 My fellow students 28 Institutions (funds from government, venture capitalists, banks, business angles, etc.) If I become a social entrepreneur, I would be actively supported with advises/counselling or networking efforts by… 29 My closest family 30 My friends 31 My fellow students 63 32 Institutions (special programs or projects for social entrepreneurship from the government, business center or incubators, etc.) Role model Please indicate the level of your agreement for the following statements (1 = Not at all, = Very well) 5 33 I personally know other people who are entrepreneurs 34 I personally know other people who are social entrepreneurs 35 I personally know successful entrepreneurs 36 I personally know successful social entrepreneurs Subjective Norm Please indicate to what extent you care about what your parents/friends/colleagues think as you decide on whether or not to pursue a career as a social entrepreneur (1= Not at all, 5= Very much) 37 Your parents 38 Your friends 39 Your colleagues Self-efficacy Please indicate the level of your agreement for the following statements (1 = Not at all, = Very well) 40 Promoting something each environmental sustainability is of us can contribute to 41 I am convinced that I personally can make a contribution to 64 address environmental sustainability if I put my mind to it 42 I could figure out a way to help solve the environmental Issues III Social entrepreneurial intention Please indicate the level of your agreement for the following statements: (1 = Totally disagree, 5= Totally agree) 43 I am ready to anything to be a social entrepreneur 44 My professional goal is to become a social entrepreneur 45 I will make every effort to start and run my own social enterprise 46 I am determined to create a social enterprise in the future 47 I have the strong intention to start a social enterprise someday Thank you for your supporting! 65 APPENDIX BẢNG CÂU HỎI DỰ ĐỊNH KHỞI NGHIỆP XÃ HỘI CỦA SINH VIÊN KINH DOANH VIỆT NAM Kính gửi anh/chị, Tơi Nguyễn Thị Bích Ngọc, sinh viên cao học ngành Quản trị kinh doanh đại học Việt Nhật Tôi tiến hành luận văn tốt nghiệp việc thực bảng hỏi dự định khởi nghiệp xã hội sinh viên Việt Nam Mục đích việc sử dụng bảng câu hỏi kiểm tra yếu tố mơ hình dự định ảnh hưởng đến sinh viên kinh doanh khu vực Hà Nội dự định khởi nghiệp xã hội sinh viên Tất thông tin cá nhân sử dụng cho mục đích nghiên cứu Tổng thời gian cho bảng câu hỏi khoảng 10 phút Mong anh chị giúp đỡ trả lời câu hỏi chân thực, xác Xin chân thành cảm ơn! Thông tin doanh nghiệp xã hội ví dụ điển hình: Theo luật doanh nghiệp khoản điều 10 năm 2014, doanh nghiệp xã hội doanh nghiệp đăng ký theo qui định xã hội, có mục tiêu giải vấn đề xã hội, mơi trường, lợi ích cộng đồng, sử dụng 51% tổng lợi nhuận hàng năm để tái đầu tư nhằm thực mục tiêu xã hội Ví dụ doanh nghiệp xã hội: Công ty KOTO (Know one teach one) doanh nghiệp xã hội đào tạo nghề nhà hàng, khách sạn, đào tạo ngoại ngữ, giới thiệu việc làm nhà hàng khách sạn cho trẻ em đường phố, trẻ em nghèo Công ty Tò he: Là doanh nghiệp xã hội với sứ mạng mang đến cho trẻ em thiệt thòi sân chơi với hoạt động sáng tạo nghệ thuật độc đáo cho trẻ em có hội trải nghiệm học hỏi I Thông tin cá nhân Tuổi Giới tính Nam Trình độ học vấn Nữ 66 Trường anh/ chị theo học? Có thành viên gia đình bạn kinh doanh thành lập cơng ty khơng? Có Khơng II Thông tin liên quan đến mức độ đào tạo, kinh nghiệm, hoạt động ngoại khóa, mơ hình vai trị yếu tố khác Mức độ đào tạo Nêu mức độ bạn đào tạo trình học cao học (MBA) khía cạnh (1= Khơng cả, 5= Rất nhiều) Nhận diện hội kinh doanh Đánh giá hội kinh doanh Khởi kinh doanh Doanh nghiệp 10 Kinh doanh mục tiêu xã hội/Doanh nghiệp xã hội Kinh nghiệm khởi nghiệp Nêu mức độ kinh nghiệm bạn có hoạt động (1= Khơng cả, 5= Rất nhiều) 5 11 Khởi kinh doanh thương mại 12 Phát triển thị trường 13 Phát triển sản phẩm 14 Kinh doanh xã hội Các hoạt động liên quan đến khởi nghiệp Nêu mức độ thường xuyên tham gia bạn hoạt động (1 = Không bao giờ, = Rất thường xuyên) 15 Tham gia hội thảo khởi nghiệp 16 Tham gia hội thảo doanh nghiệp xã hội/kinh doanh mục tiêu xã hội 67 17 Tham gia thi phát triển sản phẩm/dịch vụ thương mại 18 Tham gia thi phát triển sản phẩm/dịch vụ xã hội 19 Tham gia thi khởi nghiệp (ý tưởng khởi nghiệp, kế hoạch kinh doanh, mơ hình kinh doanh) 20 Tham gia thi kinh doanh xã hội/khởi doanh nghiệp xã hội (ý tưởng khởi nghiệp, kế hoạch kinh doanh, mơ hình kinh doanh) 21 Tham gia câu lạc khởi nghiệp 22 Tham gia câu lạc liên quan đến kinh doanh xã hội/doanh nghiệp xã hội 23 Tham gia buổi nói chuyện, vấn, hay diễn đàn thảo thuận với doanh nhân 24 Tham gia buổi nói chuyện, vấn, hay diễn đàn thảo luận với doanh nhân xã hội Nhận thức hỗ trợ Nêu mức độ đồng ý bạn phát biểu (1=Hồn tồn khơng đồng ý, Hồn tồn đồng ý) Nếu trở thành doanh nhân xã hội, nhận tài trợ tài 5 25 Gia đình thân cận tơi 26 Bạn bè 27 Bạn học (bạn đồng môn) 28 Các tổ chức khác (các quỹ đầu tư phủ, ngân hàng, nhà đầu tư thiên thần, tổ chức đầu tư mạo hiểm, v.v) Nếu trở thành doanh nhân xã hội, nhận tư vấn kết nối mạng lưới cách tích cực từ… 68 29 Gia đình thân cận 30 Bạn bè 31 Bạn học tơi 32 Các tổ chức khác (các chương trình/dự án đặc biệt dành cho doanh nghiệp xã hội từ phủ, vườn ươm, hiệp hội doanh nghiệp, v.v) Mơ hình vai trị ảnh hưởng đến dự định khởi nghiệp Nêu mức độ đồng ý bạn phát biểu (1=Hồn tồn khơng đồng ý, Hoàn toàn đồng ý) 5 33 Tôi quen biết vài doanh nhân 34 Tôi quen biết vài doanh nhân xã hội 35 Tôi quen biết vài doanh nhân thành công 36 Tôi quen biết vài doanh nhân xã hội thành công Chuẩn mực khách quan Xin cho biết mức độ bạn quan tâm đến bố mẹ bạn nghĩ bạn định xem có nên theo đuổi nghiệp doanh nhân xã hội hay không? (1= Không cả, 5= Rất nhiều) 37 Bố mẹ bạn 38 Bạn bè bạn 39 Đồng nghiệp/ đồng môn bạn Tự đánh giá khả thân Nêu mức độ đồng ý bạn phát biểu (1=Hồn tồn khơng đồng ý, Hồn tồn đồng ý) 40 Thúc đẩy mơi trường bền vững việc thân góp phần cơng sức 69 41 Tơi tin cá nhân tơi đóng góp vào việc giải vấn đề môi trường bền vững để tâm đến 42 Tơi tìm phương thức góp phần giải vấn đề mơi trường III Dự định khởi doah nghiệp xã hội Nêu mức độ đồng ý bạn phát biểu (1=Hồn tồn khơng đồng ý, Hồn tồn đồng ý) 43 Tơi sẵn sàng làm thứ để trở thành doanh nhân xã hội 44 Mục tiêu nghề nghiệp trở thành doanh nhân xã hội 45 Tơi nỗ lực để khởi điều hành doanh nghiệp xã hội riêng 46 Tơi thành lập doanh nghiệp xã hội tương lai 47 Tơi có định hướng mạnh mẽ ngày tơi khởi doanh nghiệp xã hội Chân thành cảm ơn giúp đỡ anh/chị! 70 ... students in other major Therefore, the writer comes up with the idea of finding "FACTORS AFFECTING THE SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS OF VIETNAMESE BUSINESS STUDENTS" as the thesis title,... the factors that influence the business master students’ social entrepreneurial intention Step 3: used the linear regression model to determine the influence of the factors on the intention of. .. Based on the research of Ajzen (1991) Figure 2.3: The model of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions Source: Based on the research of Mair & Noboa (2003) The theory of the planned behavior of Ajzen