Humor in everyday talks

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES VŨ THỊ HỢI HUMOR IN EVERYDAY TALKS: A STUDY OF VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE LEARNER’S COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN INTERCULTURAL SETTINGS HÀI HƯỚC TRONG HỘI THOẠI HÀNG NGÀY: MỘT NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ NĂNG LỰC GIAO TIẾP CỦA HỌC SINH VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH GIAO TIẾP LIÊN VĂN HÓA M.A COMBINED PROGRAM THESIS FIELD: ENGLISH TEACHING METHODOLOGY CODE: 60140111 HANOI - 2016 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES VŨ THỊ HỢI HUMOR IN EVERYDAY TALKS: A STUDY OF VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE LEARNER’S COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN INTERCULTURAL SETTINGS HÀI HƯỚC TRONG HỘI THOẠI HÀNG NGÀY: MỘT NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ NĂNG LỰC GIAO TIẾP CỦA HỌC SINH VIỆT NAM TRONG BỐI CẢNH GIAO TIẾP LIÊN VĂN HÓA M.A COMBINED PROGRAM THESIS FIELD: ENGLISH TEACHING METHODOLOGY CODE: 60140111 SUPERVISOR: Dr Hoàng Thị Hạnh HANOI - 2016 Statement of Ownership I hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contained no material previously published or written by another person (except where explicitly defined in the acknowledgements), nor material which has been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma of a university or other institutions of higher learning Signature: ……………………………… Name: Vũ Thị Hợi Date : ……………………………… i Acknowledgements At the completion of this thesis, I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr Hoàng Thị Hạnh (my supervisor) of University of Languages and International Studies – Vietnam National University for her constant and valuable guidance, encouragement and support Particularly, her critical comments on every single piece of work of the thesis have contributed greatly to my learning, and to the development of my research skills Without her supervision, I would not have been able to complete this thesis However, shortcomings and errors, if any, in the thesis are my own I would like to give my thanks to the students and volunteers who participated in my studies though their name cannot be identified (for confidentiality) This thesis could not have been completed without their ideas, information and contribution Thanks to their participation, patience and painstaking efforts, this thesis has been done My thanks also go to Faculty of Postgraduate Studies, where I have studied for two years, for providing me with valuable learning condition Last but not least, I would like to thank my parents, my sisters, and my friends for their encouragements on my life-long learning, for their help on the completion of this thesis ii Abstract Conversational humor in language teaching and learning has risen in prominence since 1990s Recently, there has been much interest in and debate concerning conversational humor and how it links to participants‟ communicative competence in intercultural situations However, there has been little empirical study into how humor is used and perceived by its participants, especially when all of them are L2 speakers of English This research reports on a qualitative study investigating humor used by five L2 speakers of English in their everyday talks Although the limited number of instances reported means that further research is needed to convincingly make generalizations, it is suggested that humor cannot be perceived as stative and presumptive but as adaptive and emergent resources which are negotiated and context-dependent Therefore, conversational humor needs to move beyond the traditionally conceived stative and context-independent as innate traits, typical connecting tools to incorporate an awareness of cultural and sociolinguistic differences in using humor and the skills needed to successfully negotiate the meaning of humor in intercultural settings iii Table of Contents Statement of Ownership .i Acknowledgements ii Abstract iii Table of Contents .iv List of Transcript Conventions vi Notes on Quotations from the Stimulated Recall Interviews vii List of Abbreviations viii List of Tables ix List of Figures .x PART 1: INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .1 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Statement of problem and rationale 1.2.1 Statement of problem 1.2.2 Rationale 1.3 Purpose and significance of the study 1.3.1 Purpose of the study 1.3.2 Significance of the study 1.4 Structure of the thesis .4 PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Humor .6 2.3 Humor in intercultural communication 2.4 Humor competence 10 2.5 Humor competence as a part of sociolinguistic competence 12 2.6 Summary .15 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 17 3.1 Introduction 17 iv 3.2 Research questions 17 3.3 Participants .17 3.4 Settings 19 3.5 Data collection methods 19 3.5.1 Participant observations 19 3.5.2 Stimulated recall interviews 21 3.6 Data analysis 24 3.6.1 Transcript analysis 26 3.6.2 Thematic analysis 29 CHAPTER 4: HUMOR IN EVERYDAY INTERCULTURAL TALKS 32 4.1 Introduction 32 4.2 Humor as intention and the mismatch with humor comprehension .32 4.3 Humor and jokes on linguistic features 38 4.4 Humor as the mark of the in-group 48 4.5 Conclusion 52 CHAPTER 5: THE INTERACTIVE CONSTRUCTION OF HUMOR 53 5.1 Introduction 53 5.2 The interactive construction of humor 53 5.3 Thành‟s humor 64 5.4 Summary .69 PART 3: CONCLUSION 71 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 71 6.1 Conclusion 71 6.2 Implications 73 6.3 Limitations and further research .74 REFERENCES 75 APPENDICES I v List of Transcript Conventions Indicate intonation that is a falling or final, not necessary at the end of the sentence ? Indicate the rising tone, not necessary a question , Indicate “continuing” intonation, not necessarily a clause boundary :: Indicate the prolongation or stretching of the sound just preceding them The more colons, the longer the stretching (?) Inaudible ((laughs)) Nonlinguistic features of the transcription or transcriber‟s description of the event (.) Pause – untimed (0.8) Numbers in the parentheses indicate silence, represented in tenths of a second, what is given here in the left margin indicates 0.8 seconds of silence (…) Indicate a section of dialogue that is not transcribed [ Overlapping or interrupted speech ] /n/ Phonemic transcription of sounds or words = The utterance on one line continues without a pause where the next = picks it up Tell Strong emphasis TELL Especially loud voice - Indicate a cut-off or self-interruption hhh Indicate hearable aspiration or represent breathing, laughter, etc The more h‟s, the more aspiration  Indicate specific parts of an extract discussed in the text vi Notes on Quotations from the Stimulated Recall Interviews (SRIs) The Stimulated Recall Interview quotes were spoken in Vietnamese by two Vietnamese participants with some code switching Quotations from these data were translated into idiomatic English by the researcher, with no attempt to reproduce grammatical or lexical errors The following system was devised to reference quotations from the participant observation extracts or the main task interactions: TSRI1–06 ext.5–00:16:35 T: Thành Participant pseudonym SRI: Quotes taken from stimulated recall interview 1: The order number of the interview 06: The participant reflects on the corresponding line in the main task interaction ext.5: The number of the extract in the main task interaction 00:16:35: The beginning time of the quote in the interview JSRI1–07ext.4–00:38:15 J: Jonas Participant pseudonym SRI: Quotes taken from stimulated recall interview 1: The order number of the interview 07: The participant reflects on the corresponding line in the main task interaction ext.4: The number of the extract in the main task interaction 00:38:15: The beginning time of the quote in the interview vii List of Abbreviations ARs Audio recordings Ext Extract L2 Second language (for example: L2 speakers, L2 learners) NNSs Non-native Speakers NSs Native Speakers SRIs Stimulated recall interviews VRs Video recordings viii S: S: T: S: H: S: H: S: H: S: T: H: T: J: T: H: S: H: S: H: T: (0.5) maybe you want to teach in another class Ye:s ((still looks at the remaining chopsticks)) but (.) uhhhm it‟s like she wants to have uhhm timetable of what we are doing uhm (0.5) when we are teaching and she just wants that she told me she wants that to see what we‟re doing uhm and then she arranged some English lessons also a lesson last Sunday she told us a teacher wants to invite us, just to invite us and drink some and something like that [then we arrive there and we have to teach hours it's not nice, it's just not nice.] [you can choose not to teach here but to teach in Giao Thien because it‟s so far.] and it was a private lesson I think it's no problem, we are volunteers and= =yes [I understand] [and but uhm] not for private childs who are already really good sure ((Thành and Jonas come out and sit down)) and:: sure where the parents have a lot of [money and something like that, so:::] [hey Jonas, in the beginning] [((laughs))] in the beginning, why you create too much work like that↑ we didn‟t get used to it↓ Yeah, I don‟t know ((shakes his head))) We didn‟t get (?) Ok::= =Ok:: listen ((smiles)) enjoy:: enjoy:: oh my God I see a lot of rice Ok (.) X H: S: J: T: J: J: N: T: H: S: T: J: T: give a rest to Mrs Hong ((the woman in the park they mentioned earlier in the beginning)) ((All lift up the glass with Coke inside Nguyet is looking down tiredly)) Nguyet Cheers Pro::st ((German way of saying “cheers”)) Ok (.) Sorry! ((looking at Nguyet and gives her the Coke in a bowl because there‟re not enough glasses)) ((laughs)) ((Jonas is looking at Nguyet, drinking and smiling)) Pro::st What? ((All drink Coke)) Very cool! (8) ((All start eating)) I see the problem that I‟ve to talk to you but make it later, not right now ((picks up the onion in the dish)) Ok ((eats and smiles)) ((During food preparation they have roasted beef with onions and carrot, Samson wants to help with the onions and he asks Hợi: “How you want to cut it?” Hợi without looking at him and is busying cooking potato soup: “Just chop it” Samson then chops the onions into small square pieces like the ones used in German meatballs Nguyet comes in and shouts: “No” She takes the knife and cut the remaining onions into slices It‟s better if Hợi uses the word “slice” rather than “chop” So there are two styles of onion in one dish)) But (.) you know I‟m going to get a big conversation with Mrs Hong (.) ((to Jonas)) ((smiles)) (0.5) and it‟s going to be a lot of shit (2) Ok (.) change the topic you don‟t have to talk with her we will (0.5) just it ((Jonas is picking up the beef and dipping it into Nguyet‟s Coke unconsciously but Nguyet keeps silent)) No, you know (0.5) she gets me out from the project XI J: T: H: T: J: N: S: J: H: J: H: S: H: S: H: J: H: J: H: J: S: H: T: (0.8) yeah but in the beginning (.) she told me to ask for the teacher to create (.) one class – new one class (0.5) but eventually what the= =one new class (.) new one class? ((smiles)) my favor (0.8) that‟s told already ((Samson is picking up the onion, Nguyet stops eating, looking at him, smiling)) what? ((laughs)) what did you do↑ you put it in my (0.8) COKE ((pointing to the dish and her coke)) AHHH HHHA:::: AHhhhh hhha ((flaps his hand onto his leg)) ((smiles)) hey ((laughs)) Samson ((stops laughing)) [you shouldn‟t make] [I‟m sorry] too much noise Alright ((tries to stop laughing)) I‟m used to ((laughs)) I‟m used to dip in (.) like meat into the fish sauce ((Nguyet goes out and pours the coke away)) I see I see, yeah= =I thought it was fish sauce ((Nguyet comes back)) Nguyet, it‟s just a habit ((turns to Nguyet)) (0.1) forget her= Nguyet ((smiles)) I thought it was fish sauce I don‟t know why ((smiles)) [yeah, maybe] se- [seven habits] of German guys XII H: J: S: T: J: T: S: T: J: T: J: T: J: S: ((laughs)) you like fish sauce so much uhmmmm I'll get some fish sauce ((stands up and goes into the kitchen)) but it‟s really nice ((All are laughing again)) I mean it's more humorous than a joke ((smiles)) oh man it‟s a real joke ((laughs)) but it (0.5) ok (.) I mean it makes us less angry with Mrs Hong ((eats and smiles)) ((Jonas brings fish sauce out from the kitchen)) ((laughs)) it again of course (0.5) to Samson maybe (10) I‟m sorry! hey:: (0.5) you make everyone happy why you have to say sorry? hey (0.5) no ((points to his coke and smiles)) ja ist doch okay ((“don't mind, that‟s ok” said to Jonas)) XIII Appendix GUIDELINES ON STIMULATED RECALL INTERVIEW Dear participants, I would like to give my sincere thanks for your participation in my research Thank you very much for letting me video and audio tape our conversations! Your cooperation has been great and meaningful so far Now I would like to invite you to participate in my interviews There are four interviews for each participant The interviews are used to investigate how you use your humor and perceive humor of other members in the group in the conversations I am playing the parts of the video we had shot in which I noticed you respond to humor or generated humor You watch these parts and describe in details about your own thoughts and your actions/ behaviors in these parts I will not intervene in your description It is fine if you cannot remember what you were thinking or how you felt at the time of the interactions Thank you again for your cooperation and enthusiasm! XIV HƯỚNG DẪN THỰC HIỆN PHỎNG VẤN (GSRI) Thưa quý vị, Tôi xin gửi tới quý vị lời cảm ơn chân thành quý vị đồng ý tham gia vào nghiên cứu Trân trọng cảm ơn q vị nhiều cho phép tơi ghi âm ghi hình hội thoại Sự hợp tác quý vị gần có giá trị ý nghĩa vô to lớn Giờ đây, muốn mời quý vị tham gia vào vấn Mỗi thành viên tham gia vào nghiên cứu trải qua bốn vấn Các vấn thực để tìm hiểu việc quý vị sử dụng hài hước mình, nhận thức quý vị hài hước thành viên khác nhóm hội thoại Tơi bật băng ghi hình ghi âm có phần mà tơi để ý thấy quý vị tạo phản ứng với hài hước Quý vị xem/nghe phần mô tả chi tiết suy nghĩ, cảm nhận hành động cách cư xử quý vị phần Tôi không can thiệp vào mô tả quý vị Sẽ không thành vấn đề quý vị nhớ nhiều Một lần xin cảm ơn hợp tác lịng nhiệt thành từ phía q vị! XV Appendix 4: Sample of Stimulated Recall Interview Transcripts (Interview with Jonas) JSRI1 00:00:55 H: Ok, so at this time you and Thanh are discussing about another class J: Yeah A class‟s organized by Mrs Hong H: Uh hm J: Yeah I remember we‟re both pretty angry H: Ok, ok So you‟re angry and you‟re not a kind of happy at this moment You‟ve talked with Thanh about Mrs Hong, right? J: Yeah JSRI1 00:01:38 H: Ok, I call you like: “Two crazy, crazy guys…” J: Uhm, yeah! H: What you think when you hear uhm….? At that time you did not hear because I was talking with Nguyet and Samson J: Yeah H: You were with Thanh in the kitchen, right? J: Yeah H: Right now when you hear that, you feel a kind of painful or something like that J: No, no I know it‟s just sarcasm I don‟t know did you know about what we‟re talking about It‟s not quite the word Ok? Ok? No, no I don‟t feel H: Uh uhm J: Because I‟m used to sarcasm a lot so I don‟t feel insulted or something like that H: Ok, ok Good! JSRI1 00:02:24 H: And Samson says: “it‟s really, really annoying.” Ok? J: Yes, he said, no no Because we thought that you don‟t take it very uhm it sounds like you don‟t take our point seriously We really have a problem with those classes H: Yeah! J: Maybe you don‟t see it but we are discussing But it‟s no problem H: I see that that day you and Thanh were talking very seriously about another class and problem with Mrs Hong? J: Yes H: He wanted you to teach in another class on the same day and you cannot come back because from to and from to or something like this J: Uh JSRI1 00:04:40 H: I think the way you something before you drink is very typical, right? Do you often uhm? J: Uhm, you mean the word “prost”? H: Yeah XVI J: H: In Germany, it‟s like “cheer” “Cheer”, uh uhm So you always say “prost” before you drink something with everyone? J: No H: No? J: No, actually not but if you‟re with your family uhm how to say, let say my birthday for example I‟m in the restaurant with my family or something and we get our drink We start by saying “prost” H: So with it‟s used with friends and family? J: Yes, exactly JSRI1 00:05:50 H: Ok? So Thanh said that: “I‟m going to have a big conversation with Mrs Hong and it‟s showing to be a lot of shit.” J: Uhm, yeah H: So you often hear Thanh speak slangs, like “shit”, “fuck” or something like uhm? J: Yeah, actually too much H: Uh, too much J: He used it so often and it‟s not very good It‟s not a very good way I mean he is teaching in an English class He should change his way of expression into a bit more formal way H: Yes J: Because we hear him often talk about slangs or some similar words That is rude way H: Yes, ok ok Also in Vietnamese when you some actions like uhm he often calls you like “ngu” or something like that I told him many times before, I told him many times before, but maybe he just wants to create fun or something like that J: Yeah, but it‟s not very funny H: Right Ok J: I mean that may be very funny for very young people but it‟s not funny for us H: Uh hha, ok J: Also, I think it‟s not very nice in Vietnamese, too It‟s not good to play around H: Uhm, uhm, agree Ok, think that I‟ll try telling, he can change J: Uhm, right H: Ok, so he can work well with the next volunteers J: I mean he‟s calling he‟s older and older and the next time he‟ll older than the next volunteers H: Uhm J: He might change I don‟t know XVII H: Yes In Vietnamese, it‟s also not good when you speak like that So with the next year, the next volunteers, what you‟ve shared with us is very important for us to work because we come from two different cultures Alright, ok J: Uh JSRI1 00:08:03 H: Ok, at this moment? J: I uhm I‟ve just tipped my stuff into the coke, right? H: Uhm hhu J: Yeah H: But I think at that time you didn‟t know J: No, I didn‟t H: Right, sure You didn‟t know because the way you look at Nguyet is something like “what?” J: I think I‟m still looking at Thanh H: Uhm hhu J: And because the coke, there is not much the coke inside the bow, I think so It‟s really dark so it looks like “nước mắm.” H: Sure, ok We don‟t have enough glasses so we take the bowl for Nguyet J: Yeah, yeah That‟s the reason why you make mistakes H: Yeah JSRI1 00:09:00 H: Ok, at this time I think it‟s very very interesting and funny, right? Ok? So you see that all of us burst into laugh at this moment, right? J: Uhm hhu Yeahhh! H: So you‟re sure that at the first time you didn‟t know that you dipped in Nguyet‟s coke, ok? J: Yes H: Until she pointed it out, right? J: Yeah You can see it on my face I‟m really uhm hhhu, I just used to dip my stuffs into the fish sauce all the time so I H: Yeahhhh! Ok, so you really thought that was fish sauce J: Yeah, yeah! H: Oh my god, ok I see that Samson laughs very very loud JSRI1 00:09:59 H: At this time I thought that the neighbor can hear Samson laugh, so I try to calm him down J: Yeah H: So what you think? Before that you and Thanh are very angry about the problems – problems happen with Mrs Hong and another class So what happened when we suddenly burst into laugh? J: We didn‟t think about the bad thing anymore We were all much much happier at that point H: Ok, ok We can see from your face, right J: Yeah XVIII JSRI1 00:10:55 H: Ok so Thanh says: “seven habits of German guys.” J: What does he say? H: “seven habits of German guys.” J: Seven? Why it‟s “seven habits” H: Because before that you say: “It‟s just a habit I used to dip like in the fish sauce.” J: Yeah, yeah H: Do you think that Thanh is trying to generate fun? J: But I don‟t get it Seven? Number seven? H: Ok, so I uhm Seven, number seven J: Seven H: Seven habits J: Ahh seven habits, ok H: Do you know the book “Seven Habits of Highly Effective People”? J: Ok, seven habits Now I know I get it H: Ok May be Thanh makes the sentence because he reads the book “Seven Habits of Highly Effective People” J: Yeah H: And he changed it into “Seven Habits of German Guys” J: Ahh, ok H: Right now you see he used the word “guys” It‟s also slang J: “Guys” is is ok but first of all, I didn‟t uhm because I couldn‟t understand him because he said “Seven Habits of German Guys” I don‟t know what “Seven Habits of German Guys” was? Because Vietnamese they have problem with the “s” at the end: “seven habit-s” so I didn‟t understand it Now I get it H: Ahh hhha J: And “guys” is not really a bad word H: Yeah J: But Thanh sometimes says “hey guy” If you talk to one person, you cannot say “hey guy” H: Uhm J: It becomes rude to say “hey guy.” “Hey guy” is totally wrong but he always says this H: We may call “guys” in a group of friends but we shouldn‟t use it too much, right? J: Uhm.Yeah Maybe Maybe not But I‟m ok, I mean H: So for this time he calls: “Seven Habits of German Guys” is ok? J: Yeap I think he‟s trying to create fun H: Yeah J: But uhm the thing is he often tells jokes which are created in small groups We don‟t know the joke so of course it isn‟t funny I don‟t know why he said this XIX H: J: Uh hu, uh hu And often we also have some jokes with Thanh You can also see in the video later, I think H: Uh hu Yeah J: And you don‟t understand the joke, you don‟t know the joke H: Sure, sure J: He often, he doesn‟t explain the joke which is not very nice in a big group, you know H: Sure, because it‟s shared among the fix members of the group If I don‟t join, I didn‟t know J: Right JSRI1 00:13:50 H: Ok, the action reminds you about fish sauce and you‟re going to the kitchen to bring out some fish sauce So I think that you really like fish sauce J: Yeah H: Every meal? J: Every meal H: Alright XX (Interview with Thành) TSRI1 00:16:35 H: Seven habits of German guys Chỗ em gỡ rối cho bạn em đùa theo kiểu vậy? T: Lúc mà cô Nó làm ngu phải dìm xuống H: Tức em dùng câu đùa để em dìm hàng Seven habits of German guys có phải em đọc Seven Habits of Highly Effective People? T: Cô Hải ((em gái người nghiên cứu)) tặng em sách H: Uh em biến tấu thành, haha Rồi Thế bảy thói quen thành đạt gã Đức – tình gã Đức ngớ ngẩn (ngu) Tức em vơ tình em nói seven habits T: Trêu mà cô H: À, để trêu Trêu từ ngữ T: Có nhiều lúc chúng hành động thế, bọn em thường trêu mà H: Thế em có biết nhiều lúc em lại nghĩ không ? T: Chắc thông minh H: Ha Cơ lại nghĩ em va chạm với bạn nhiều em chịu khó em xem nhỉ? Cái hài Sitcom Mỹ khơng? Có thể em xem cả bà Ellen nhỉ? T: Đợt em chưa xem Ellen nhiều H: Uh, chưa xem Ellen T: Nhưng mà ngơn ngữ em có nhiều hơn, có nhiều tính chất hài Khi em xem phim Mỹ có nhiều tình hài Với lại từ năm ngoái bọn em quen trêu kiểu Cái kiểu văn hóa giao lưu hai thằng ((tình nguyện viên)) hai thằng năm ngối thơi Thì trêu H: Uh T: Đôi người ta nghĩ bọn Tây đặc biệt em nghĩ bình thường thơi H: Nó bọn thơi, khơng T: Nó mười bảy, mười tám tuối Cũng suy nghĩ thơi XXI H: Nè, mà em bắt đầu nhận lớp với Bill Tom ((hai tình nguyện viên cũ)), em có cảm giác buổi đầu xa lạ với hai bạn không? T: Xa lạ cô H: Uh, xa lạ sau chơi nhiều T: Mới đầu nhìn Tây cảm giác sang trọng Họ mặc quần áo bình thường nhìn lại sang H: Uh T: Mình thấy họ khác màu da nên suy nghĩ khác H: Lúc thấy Tom ((tình nguyện viên năm trước)) cịn để tóc dài T: Lúc chơi nhiều khoảng cách Đi dạy nhiều khoảng cách Đến tận lúc cuối cịn khoảng cách lúc tiếng Anh bình thường thơi Nói chuyện với bạn kiểu giao tiếp H: Ừ T: Ngay tiếng Anh em video khác nhiều cô H: Ờ T: Cứ sau khoảng độ hai ba tuần lại thấy khác Em thường với bạn nhiều tiến mà bị tách xong dạy nhiều thấy có tiến nhiều chung với bạn H: Bởi em đứng lớp, em nói Tiếng Anh nhiều Tức bắt đầu làm thứ với ấy, bắt đầu hiểu ra: hiểu cách hành động, kiểu suy nghĩ, không? Đấy yếu tố văn hóa mà em nhắc đến khơng? T: Vâng Cơ nhớ bật máy ghi âm chưa? H: Ok, I think so, haha TSRI1 00:19:51 H: Thế sau nhắc đến nước mắm, bạn đứng lên lấy nước mắm ln T: À, có nghĩa thích chấm nước mắm mà khơng có H: Thế chứng tỏ bạn thích nước mắm Hơm sau có tặng bạn chai nước mắm, bạn nhắn tin cảm ơn cô, haha XXII TSRI1 00:20:42 H: Cái chỗ em nói “it‟s a joke” hay ấy? Small Bieber and T: Cơ cho em nghe lại H: Ờ Cơ nghe small Bieber Em nói xấu Jonas đó? T: Em sửa mà, cô cho em xem đoạn em sửa H: Ừ, T: Em chưa nghĩ em nói câu có nghĩa H: Liệu có phải em nghì hành động Jonas chấm vào cocacola Nguyệt hành động có chủ ý để tạo hài hước Một joke nhóminside joke? T: Nghe quen quen nhớ Khơng mà ý ý em bọn em kiểu hay trêu khơng thích ý H: Ừ T: Thì em gọi Bieber khơng? H: Đấy, T: Thì có nghĩa H: Kể lớp em gọi Bieber xong em khen beautiful, handsome T: Nhưng mà chả có ý nghĩa Cái kiểu trêu em thường TSRI1 00:24:52 H: Nguyệt cười Em cười đắc ý Chứng tỏ chỗ em trêu bạn Chắc chắn T: Haha TSRI1 00:25:25 H: “You make everyone happy”, em nói Tức sau cố vậy, tất cảm thấy T: Sảng khối H: Và thư giãn, ok Và Jonas nhờ có mà phát mâm cơm thiếu nước mắm, haha TSRI1 00:25:46 H: Chỗ Nguyệt vừa có hành động XXIII T: “Hey” H: Đây đây, chỗ Nguyệt bỏ vào cốc Jonas Em nghĩ hành động này? Các em thường làm với à? T: Người ta nghĩ là, trường thế, làm việc với người nước phải giữ thái độ thế H: Ừ T: Nhưng thực giữ thái độ kiểu sợ ảnh hưởng trị H: Giữ khoảng cách T: Kiểu trị hay lịch chẳng làm việc với Tất nhiên, người ta tôn trọng đầu óc người ta nghĩ cứng nhắc H: Ừ T: Với lại chúng tuổi bọn em thơi, chẳng có cả: bọn em đánh nhau, trêu Như năm ngối thấy bọn em đùa nhau, tắm với nhau, hay ngủ điều bình thường Tóm lại, hành động trêu bình thường H: Bình thường khơng, hành động Jonas bình thường Bạn quay sang cười bình thường Chứng tỏ hành động quen T: Bình thường H: Bạn gắp bỏ uống tiếp Hành động lịch sự, gắp bỏ vào bát cơm uống tiếp, trò đùa Nguyệt thất bại, xong Nguyệt ngồi mặt đần này xong cô phải gọi T: Nguyệt H: Cô phải gọi Nguyệt đấy? Tức hành động trả đũa bị thất bại bạn chả phản ứng T: Vâng, chúng em thường mà XXIV ... Having a sense of humor helps us a lot in socializing Trachtenberg (1979) indicates that humor is indispensable in everyday socialization such as greeting someone, introducing oneself, leaving... reflects on the corresponding line in the main task interaction ext.5: The number of the extract in the main task interaction 00:16:35: The beginning time of the quote in the interview JSRI1–07ext.4–00:38:15... daily intercultural talks This chapter also suggests further research to gain a deeper insight into humor in intercultural communication, especially in situated English teaching and learning PART