DOI 10.1007/s10527-021-10037-7 Original article submitted February 25, 2020 A Functional Line of Plasma Extractors A G Gudkov1*, V Yu Leushin1, I A Sidorov2, S V Agasieva3, S V Chizhikov2, V N Lemondzhava1, V D Shashurin2, D A Gorbachev2, and G A Gudkov1 A competitive functional line of plasma extractors for blood service was developed using innovative technologies Introduction fresh frozen plasma (0.9%), and cryoprecipitate (17.0%) Analysis of worldwide trends in the technological information technologies play an important role in applied areas of medical science and technology The use logy, cardiac surgery, transplantology, emergency surgery, and other areas of medicine It is impossible to introduce new medical technologies into these areas without the use of safe, biologically complete, and clinically effective According to the Russian Blood Service data, the volume of processed plasma had increased by 24% from 2007 to 2017 (Fig 1) The World Health Organization Recommendations for the Production, Control and Regulation of Human tion of donor plasma Transfusion therapy significantly affects the survival important to develop competitive medical equipment problem is especially urgent in emergency medical aid The implementation of national programs for the ments and stations, hematological centers, as well as in ular There are such positive trends as an increase in the number of blood donations (by 4.0%), including those ed donors (by 1.1%); an increase in the proportion of plasma harvested by machine apheresis (up to 23.6%); an increase in the volume of harvested erythrocyte mass cyte suspension (by 12.8%), platelet concentrate (15.7%), ration from the erythrocyte mass in polymer containers used for blood component harvesting and storage well as the medical and technological equipment used for these purposes, have a considerable effect on the public Plasma extractors are usually subdivided into mechanical and automatic (Fig 2) Mechanical plasma extractors are inexpensive and simple in design (Fig 2a) A mechanical plasma extractor Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia * To whom correspondence should be addressed nents obtained by centrifugation As the result of the 350 © 2021 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Functional Line of Plasma Extractors 351 Fig a b Fig Devices for primary fractionation of donor blood: a) mechanical plasma extractor; b) automatic plasma extractor application of pressure, plasma is transported through the main pipe into the receiving container In a mechanical plasma extractor, the main blood transport pipe is clamped manually, and the movement of tored by the maintenance personnel during the entire process of extraction of blood components Insufficient control may cause red blood cells to enter the plasma container In this case, the plasma must be transferred trifuged Moreover, the procedure for plasma separation from whole blood can be repeated only if the erythrocyte ciently small (a drop) Otherwise, the plasma in the receiving container cannot be cleaned of a too large posed of It should be noted that even an experienced nurse is these disadvantages of mechanical plasma extractors, they are still in use Mechanical plasma extractors are easy to operate and maintain They are affordable for any medical institution or mobile blood collection team Mechanical plasma extractors are intended for use in tions, and mobile medical units Hyperion Ltd (Russia) has developed a mechanical plasma extractor with the following main specifications: number of compression cycles, ≥15 000; dimensions, 270 × 150 × 290 mm; weight, 4.5 kg; maximum volume of blood container, 500 mL 352 Gudkov et al The key characteristic of the device is the force with which the movable plate is pressed against the fixed plate It should be sufficient to ensure the separation of blood plasma from the erythrocyte mass in polymer containers The developed extractor provides the pressing force of – compatible with plastic containers of foreign and Russian manufacture; – dimensions: 330 × 200 × 380 mm; – weight: kg nological optimization during the development of the device made it possible to combine high performance with a competitive price [1, 2, 4] The use of automatic plasma extractors is a new step in solving the problem of blood separation into plasma extractor, has the following technical specifications: – supply voltage: 115/230 V; – maximal power consumption: 10 W; – pressure force applied to the container with blood components: 25 ± N; vide a significant increase in the quality of the harvested plasma and the efficiency of the procedure of separation of blood into components In automatic plasma extractors, the purity of the extracted plasma is continuously monitored using an optical density sensor usually implemented as a ufacture only; – dimensions: 142 × 365 × 280 mm; – weight: 6.8 kg cytes in plasma, it is necessary to use a short wavelength, i.e of the order of the thickness of an erythrocyte (~ μm) However, for the purposes of preservation of plasma and erythrocytes, it is desirable to use an emitting LED with as large a wavelength as possible Therefore, it is optimal to use a near infrared LED pressure mechanical press used to extract plasma from the tainer Upon completion of plasma extraction, the main pipe is clamped automatically Clamping is triggered by a signal from an optical sensor used to measure light absorption by blood components near the pipe containing the two polymer containers of the system The automatic plasma extractor allows the container position relative to the optical sensor to be adjusted in both horizontal and vertical planes in order to accurately determine when the tube clamping mechanism should be switched on Figure 2b shows the automatic plasma extractor Hemopress developed by Hyperion Ltd The extractor cedure and accompanies the end of extraction by light and sound signals The extractor is easy to operate and maintain Its use reduces the workload on personnel and excludes personnel contact with blood The developed automatic plasma extractor has the following technical specifications: – supply voltage: 220 V; – maximal power consumption: 50 W; – pressure force applied to the container with blood components: 25 ± N; counterpart of the developed extractor, has the following technical specifications: – supply voltage: 220 V; – maximal power consumption: 20 W; – pressure force applied to the container with blood components: 25 ± N; ufacture only; – dimensions: 320 × 235 × 325 mm; – weight: 10 kg The comparison of the technical specifications of the parts shows that the main characteristics of the developed made devices In addition, the developed extractor has such advantages over its counterparts as the compatibility mend the developed device for the use in Russian medical institutions Conclusions Mechanical and automatic plasma extractors are used for plasma separation from the erythrocyte mass in polymer containers used for blood component harvesting sive and simple in design Mechanical plasma extractors nel should visually monitor the movement of the plasma into the receiving container during the entire process of extraction of blood components Automatic plasma extractors provide a significant increase in the quality of Functional Line of Plasma Extractors the harvested plasma and the efficiency of the separation of blood into components tainers makes it possible to predict a steady upward trend in demand for automatic plasma extractors of Russian manufacture These devices already make it possible to tem, a Russian counterpart of Haemonetics systems (USA) REFERENCES Verba, V S., Gudkov, A G., Leushin, V Yu., et al., “Russian equipment for blood service,” Gematol Transfuziol., 53, No 1, Gudkov, A G., Radio Equipment in Market Conditions Comprehensive Technological Optimization [in Russian], Science Press, Moscow (2008) Vetrova, N A., Gudkov, A G., Shashurin, V D., Naraikin, O S., Agasieva, S V., Gorlacheva, E N., Lemondzhava, V N., and Gukasov, V M., “Technological optimization of devices for safe 51 Gudkov, A G., Leushin, V Yu., Chechetkin, A V., and Lazarenko, M I., Transfusiology Technologies [in Russian], Science Press, Moscow (2012) 353 Bobrikhin, A F., Gudkov, A G., Leushin, V Y., Lemondzhava, V N., Petrov, V I., and Schukin, S I., “Equipment for thermal treatment and storage of blood preparations and components,” Biomed Eng., 49 Sedankin, M K., Leushin, V Yu., Gudkov, A G., Vesnin, S G., Sidorov, I A., Agasieva, S V., and Markin, A V., “Mathematical simulation of heat transfer processes in a breast with a malignant tumor,” Biomed Eng., 52 Gudkov, A G., Leushin, V Y., Agasieva, S V., Bobrikhin, A F., Gorlacheva, E N., Lemondzhava, V N., and Aparnikov, A N., “A Biomed Eng., 50 Chechetkin, A V., Danilchenko, V V., Grigoryan, M S., Makeev, A B., Gudkov, A G., and Shchukin, S I., “Safe use of platelet concentrate in blood service institutions,” Biomed Eng., 50 77 (2016) Gudkov, A G., Agasieva, S V., Bobrikhin, A F., Gorlacheva, E N., Zelenov, M S., Lemondzhava, V N., Leushin, V Y., Chernyshev, platelet incubators,” Biomed Eng., 50 10 Agasieva, S V., Lemondzhava, V N., Leushin, V Y., Khalapsina, T M., Gorlacheva, E N., Chizhikov, S V., and Markin, A V., nents,” Biomed Eng., 51 11 Gudkov, A G., Leushin, V Y., Pozdin, S V., Bobrikhin, A F., and containing media,” Biomed Eng., 46 12 Gudkov, A G., Bobrikhin, A F., Zelenov, M S., Leushin, V Y., Lemondzhava, V N., Marzhanovsky, I N., and Chernyshev, A V., fusion media in polymer containers,” Biomed Eng., 50 (2016) .. .Functional Line of Plasma Extractors 351 Fig a b Fig Devices for primary fractionation of donor blood: a) mechanical plasma extractor; b) automatic plasma extractor application of pressure, plasma. .. noted that even an experienced nurse is these disadvantages of mechanical plasma extractors, they are still in use Mechanical plasma extractors are easy to operate and maintain They are affordable... container during the entire process of extraction of blood components Automatic plasma extractors provide a significant increase in the quality of Functional Line of Plasma Extractors the harvested