Literary and rhetorical devices used in speeches of selected world leaders

Literary and rhetorical devices used in speeches of selected world leaders Literary and rhetorical devices used in speeches of selected world leaders Literary and rhetorical devices used in speeches of selected world leaders luận văn tốt nghiệp,luận văn thạc sĩ, luận văn cao học, luận văn đại học, luận án tiến sĩ, đồ án tốt nghiệp luận văn tốt nghiệp,luận văn thạc sĩ, luận văn cao học, luận văn đại học, luận án tiến sĩ, đồ án tốt nghiệp

i THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines LITERARY AND RHETORICAL DEVICES USED IN SPEECHES OF SELECTED WORLD LEADERS A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School Batangas State University Batangas City, Philippines In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major in English by NGUYEN THI HONG MINH 2015 ii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation entitled “LITERARY AND RHETORICAL DEVICES USED IN SPEECHES OF SELECTED WORLD LEADERS” prepared and submitted by NGUYEN THI HONG MINH in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy major in English has been examined and is recommended for Oral Examination iii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines ABSTRACT Title: LITERARY AND RHETORICAL DEVICES USED IN SPEECHES OF SELECTED WORLD LEADERS Author: Nguyen Thi Hong Minh Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Major: English Year: 2015 Adviser: Maria Luisa A Valdez, Ph.D Summary This study analyzed the literary and rhetorical devices used in speeches of Ho Chi Minh, Margaret Thatcher and Barack Obama and the implication of their ideologies to the thinking of young people and their appreciation of literature Likewise, this paper aimed to identify the ideologies reflected in the speeches of the selected world leaders; the themes of existence, patriotism, humanism, inner peace and moral principle as manifested in the selected speeches of the foregoing world leaders; the rhetorical devices and literary techniques used in their speeches; and the implications of their ideologies to the thinking of the young people and their appreciation of literature The study employed the qualitative method of research in analyzing the literary techniques and rhetorical devices used by the selected world leaders in iv THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines the representative literary works chosen Likewise, this analysis used the thematic, historical, sociological and philosophical approaches as the bases for analysis The study was supported by John L Austin’s Speech Act Theory and Herbert Paul Grice’s Conversationalist Doctrine This paper also involved content analysis, which is a systematic technique in analyzing message content and message handling The text analysis in this research centered on pattern seeking and the extraction of meaning from Ho Chi Minh’s, Margaret Thatcher’s and Barack Obama’s selected literary narrative or image data Substantial effort was focused on the task of recording texts or making notes through concepts and categories; linking and combining abstract concepts; extracting the essence; organizing meaning; analyzing and interpreting the quoted lines; and drawing conclusions The essential features in the treatment of materials were considered in the study The general norms by which all literary pieces can be measured for evaluation and analysis served as the researcher’s guide in the selection of works that were included in this study The representative literary works analyzed were: Ho Chi Minh's Selected Articles and Speeches, Margaret Thatcher's Collected Speeches and Barack v THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines Obama in His Own Words The said selections were chosen because of their correlation with the aforementioned theme and subthemes and the literary and rhetorical devices that were utilized in the speeches Moreover, the study drew the implications of the ascertained ideologies to the thinking of young people, and also in their appreciation of literature Findings of the study revealed that Ho Chi Minh, Margaret Thatcher and Barack Obama all share a common ideology of building a peaceful and prosperous country for their fellowmen as gleaned in their selected works The said world leaders share some common themes in their speeches, which confirm their existence, show their patriotism and humanism towards their countrymen The selected world leaders' speeches reveal to the world the fulfilment of their aspirations, as reflected by inner peace and likewise understood in their messages that contain their moral principles All themes mentioned above, as can be seen in their work, were established by the world leaders as methods of educating their people Likewise, they have employed rhetorical devices namely ethos, logos and pathos in order to persuade their audiences Likewise, they have utilized a number of literary techniques such as figurative language, symbolism and flashback in their speeches in order to gain access to the public’s beliefs vi THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines The study also revealed that the ideologies of these world leaders, as manifested in their speeches, have great potential to influence young people and guide them in building and shaping their thinking Their speeches illustrated the manner by which various literary and rhetorical devices help them attain their objective of sharing their messages to others, and influence their own thoughts, beliefs or ideology as well as motivating the Vietnamese youth’s appreciation of literature vii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines ACKNOWLEDGMENT The researcher desires to express her thankful appreciation to those who helped and inspired her towards the completion of this paper First and foremost, she wishes to thank the Thai Nguyen University and the Batangas State University for giving her the opportunity to finish this undertaking under their International Academic Cooperation Program Dr Dang Kim Vui, the President of the Thai Nguyen University, Assoc Prof Dr Nguyen Tuan Anh, Assoc Prof Dr Dang Xuan Binh, Prof Dr Nguyen The Hung, the former Directors of the TNU International Training and Development Center, Dr Hoang Thi Bich Thao, the current Director of TNU ITDC, Dr Prof Pham Hong Quang, the Rector of Thai Nguyen University of Education and Dr Prof Do Hong Thai, for their kind assistance during the preparation of her dissertation and for their motivation that helped hasten the completion of this study Dr Maria Luisa A Valdez, the Dean of Colleges and Head of the Graduate School of the Batangas State University ARASOF Nasugbu Campus, the researcher’s dissertation adviser, for her constant encouragement, guidance, and support which motivated the researcher to finish this study viii THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines Dr Matilda H Dimaano, the Chairman of the Panel of Examiners, for her thorough dissection and candid remarks that drew up the essential and relevant dimensions in this research Dr Amada G Banaag, Dr Felix M Panopio, and Dr Myrna G Sulit, the Members of the Panel of Examiners, for their valuable suggestions and constructive criticism which motivated her to analyze conscientiously all the inputs during the conduct of this study Dr Remedios P Magnaye, the Recording Secretary and Ms Le Quynh Anh, the ITDC Administrative Staff, and friends, for their words of encouragement and kind gestures The authors whose works were included in this study, for their wisdom in every page of this dissertation The researcher also wants to express her heartfelt thanks to her parents and sister who are always there to cheer her up and stand by her side with their unquestioned support Last, but not least, she is deeply indebted to her husband, Nguyen Hai Son, for his patience and for his unlimited support and love Without him, she would not have been able to complete this long journey Nguyen Thi Hong Minh ix THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines DEDICATION This research is dedicated to my beloved parents, Nguyen Van Luong and Trinh Thi Kim Anh, my dear husband, Nguyen Hai Son and my two precious daughters, Nguyen Ha Chi and Nguyen Ha Linh for their immense encouragement, tireless support and most especially their enormous love Nguyen Thi Hong Minh x THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………… i APPROVAL SHEET ……………………………………………………… ii ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………… iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT ………………………………………………… vii DEDICATION …………………………………………………………… ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………………………… x LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………………… xii CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM Introduction ………………………………………….… Statement of the Problem ………………………….… Scope, Delimitation and Limitation of the Study … 10 Significance of the Study ……………………………… 12 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE Conceptual Literature ………………………………… 15 Research Literature ………………………….……… 47 Synthesis ……………………………………… 57 261 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines B PUBLISHED MATERIALS Afful, Joseph Benjamin Archibald (2009) Rhetorical Analysis of Introduction in an Undergraduate English Literary Studies Course University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana ESP World, Issue (26), Volume (www.esp-world.info); date retrieved: 10/15/2015 Dhir, K S (2006) "Corporate Communication through Nonviolent Rhetoric: Environmental, Agency and Methodological Prerequisites." 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APPENDICES 270 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh’s Speeches Ho Chi Minh: Complete Works, Vol 4, p.152 Appeal for General Insurrection, 1945 The Draft Law on Marriage and the Family, 1959 The Path Which Led Me to Leninism, 1960 Testament, May 10, 1969 Le Paria (The Outcast) For a Lasting Peace, For a People’s Democracy, 1952 Speech at the Tours Congress Delivered at the 18th Congress of the French Socialist Party at Tours, December 1920 Ho Chi Minh’s Speeches BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines Messages behind the Speeches The speech underscores the great leader’s firm resolve to make every Vietnamese citizen understand the true meaning of national independence as not being limited to a country’s sovereignty and nondependence from outside influence In it, he emphasized that while independence results from the people’s unified efforts, only when the state is able to cater to the people’s needs can national independence be validated The speech highlights the urgency in making the people finally realize the need to act as one and that the realization of their goals should come easily once they realize the strength in national unity The speech focuses on family as being the core of a nation and thus, the protection of the integrity of the family should be given utmost priority, as it will determine the nation’s future The speech centers on the great leader’s philosophical growth, and explains every integral stage that led to his penultimate ideology The testament, which only briefly discussed the leader’s life’s work and accomplishments and focused on his erstwhile motives, reflected his concern for Vietnam The directives for his countrymen to follow when he is long gone exemplified his great confidence in every citizen and his love for the whole nation The article highlighted communist ideals that Ho Chi Minh believed necessary to be embraced by his countrymen and it highlighted his firm advocacy as a patriot The speech intended to renew the nation’s commitment to freedom, and it echoes the Vietnamese patriot’s confidence in their endeavor, thus keeping their hopes high amidst the struggle The speech exemplified Ho Chi Minh’s integrity to both his party and to his nation Likewise, it highlighted not only the education he learned from Socialist ideals, but also the wisdom in connecting the ideology that allowed him to better Messages behind the Speeches discern the needs that were being deprived of his nation Appeal to Compatriots to Carry Out Destruction, to Wage Resistance War, 1946 Vietnamese Declaration of Independence, 1945 Speech Delivered in the First Days of the Resistance War in South Vietnam, November 1945 The words in the speech emphasized an absolute need to fight fire with fire, as was the nation’s only option in order to break free from French rule It discussed the futility in approaching colonial grip half-heartedly, as it will only lead to an inevitable failure and a prolonged suffering of the Vietnamese people, hence the need for an all-out war to put an end to it The declaration emphasized the importance of a nation’s independence to primarily being beneficial to the people who worked hard for it, and discussed how the intentional disregard of the French in this ideal brought about and ensured victory for the Vietnamese people The speech recounted how the nation survived previous atrocities, and by remembering how they prevailed with similar transgressions, the Vietnamese people can be assured of victory 271 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines The Imperialist Aggressors can Never Enslave the Heroic Vietnamese People The speech highlighted the need for believing in the capability of the nation as a whole and their adherence to an ideology which served them in the past will always guarantee victory Margaret Thatcher’s Speeches Messages behind the Speeches Article in La Correspondence Internationale, No 59, 1924 Leader’s Speech, Bournemouth 1990 Leader's Speech, Blackpool 1989 Margaret Thatcher’s Speeches Speech at St Lawrence Jewry, London 1981 Leader’s Speech, Brighton 1988 George Thomas Society Lecture, London 1990 Barack Obama The America We Love, Missouri 2008 A More Perfect Union, Philadelphia 2008 The speech emphatically described the travesty done to a human being by his oppressors with the effective use of symbolism It outlined how the act of injustice makes the offender a human of questionable morality, and gives a graphic description of the victim’s suffering as the result of this dehumanizing and evil act strips away his identity The speech emphasized the Prime Minister’s unwavering pride in the greatness of her nation, and thus expressed her confidence in her fellowmen The speech highlighted Thatcher’s personal approach as seen in her deep concern for the welfare of the youth, and included points of focus on Messages behind the Speeches the necessary actions required to ensure fair opportunities for the future citizens of Britain It also included a brief critique of key Socialist acts as ineffective and inapplicable to the nation: her generalization of failure in the Socialist ideology as a whole reflected the PM’s Conservative ideals that favored formula over flexibility The speech underscored Thatcher’s patriotism and her emphasis on each British citizen’s individual contribution as essential factors in nation building, The speech outlined the correlation between the responsibilities of both the British government and the people in preserving the stability of the country as a whole and likewise in the integrity of the British nation’s greatness The speech highlighted Thatcher’s foresight and the proactive approach she asks to be imbibed in every British citizen so as to prepare the nation’s future leaders and preserve the legacy by ensuring the best opportunities for future British citizens Messages behind the Speeches The speech presented the multi-faceted aspects that define American patriotism over the years It began with an introduction that gave a brief insight of what it meant to the patriots of old, and culminated in the present context that requires the same responsibilities despite the diversity of challenges in presentday America The speech utilized an introduction that recalled a specific event in the past to give emphasis on the great responsibility of doing away with injustice and discrimination The paradigm shift as suggested in the main thought of the speech explained the necessary transformation of prevailing animosity into a willingness to coexist and cooperate for a better future for America 272 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines A World That Stands as One, Berlin, Germany, July 24, 2008 The speech focused on the importance of nations working with one another for the greater good of the Barack Obama Messages behind the Speeches Dire Consequences, Immeasurable Sacrifices, 2002 The Audacity of Hope, Boston 2004 Change Has Come to America, Chicago 2008 Our Past, Future & Vision for America, Illinois, 2007 The Remaking of America, Washington DC, 2009 Barack Obama The Remaking of America, Washington DC, 2009 The America We Love - Independence, 2008 A New Strategy for a New World, Rebuilding Our Alliances, Washington, DC, July 15, 2008 planet as a whole While considering the multitude of differences and disparity across nations, Obama was able to emphasize man’s inherent good nature and his capacity to understand and cooperate with one another regardless of color or creed The speech offered the then-senator’s personal views that explained his opposition in America going to war in Iraq It included a concise but emphatic way of highlighting the risks as outweighing whatever benefit America will ever gain from sending its troops to war The speech presented Obama’s personal recollection of as being as equally unique as any American individual’s life story It focused on the lessons that shaped him as an American that motivated him to pursue the American dream, delivered in such a way for the American audience to be able to relate to their own story The speech highlighted Obama’s belief in the resilience of the American in handling ever-changing challenges In it, the President pointed out the advantages of being able to determine the rarest of opportunities that every American must grab in order create an impact on society as a whole The speech highlighted the American President’s determination to lead the nation toward a future that was likewise envisioned by the great Abraham Lincoln In it, he discussed the great responsibility in every American’s contribution to constantly reflect a common and unified vision of a bright future The inaugural address outlined the gravity of the responsibility being carried by the president upon assuming leadership, and manifested a balance of confidence and humility required of a leader In this speech, the President gave an overview of his position on key policies, while highlighting the motives that fuel his determination to succeed in his leadership Messages behind the Speeches The inaugural address outlined the gravity of the responsibility being carried by the president upon assuming leadership, and manifested a balance of confidence and humility required of a leader In this speech, the president gave an overview of his position on key policies, while highlighting the motives that fuel his determination to succeed in his leadership The speech presented the multi-faceted aspects that define American patriotism over the years It began with an introduction that gave a brief insight of what it meant to the patriots of old, and culminated in the present context that requires the same responsibilities despite the diversity of challenges in presentday America The speech underscored the-then presidential candidate’s game plan on how he intends to take an even firmer stand against resorting to violence in resolving issues In it, Obama’s dislike for war was outlined in great detail and expertise and manifested the president’s great concern for human life 273 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL DATA Name Date of Birth Nationality Home Address : Nguyen Thi Hong Minh : 08/07/1982 : Vietnamese : Trung Vuong Quarter, Thai Nguyen City, Vietnam Telephone : 0280 3859 097 Mobile Phone : 0983114299 E-mail : hminh8782@dhsptn.edu.vn Religion : None Sex : Female Spouse : Nguyen Hai Son Children’s Name : Nguyen Ha Chi Nguyen Ha Linh EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND Doctor of Philosophy Major in English International Academic Cooperation Program Between the Thai Nguyen University, Vietnam and the Batangas State University, Philippines (2015) Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics Latrobe University, Australia (2009) Bachelor of Arts in English as a Second Language Teaching College of Education Thai Nguyen University, Vietnam (2004) WORK EXPERIENCES 2013 - up to the Present : Deputy Head of Department of Research Management 274 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines and International Cooperation, Thai Nguyen University of Education 2012 - up to the Present : Working in Core Groups of the National Foreign Languages Project 2020 in terms of Teaching, Curriculum Design and Development 2012 - up to the Present : Part-time Teaching for the Centre for Foreign Languages Studies for Human Resources Development and Pre-doctoral Training Centre - Thai Nguyen University 2012 : Teaching IELTS, TOEFL for 80 Core Teaching Staff at the Cford - Thai Nguyen University 2011-2013 : Teacher of Vietnamese for Foreigners at the Thai Nguyen Education College 2010 : Freelance Translator for World Vision Vietnam 2000 - 2010 : Private Tutor of English for Learners of Different Needs, Levels and Ages; Part-time work as a Teacher for Different Clients 2004 - 2013 : Part-time Work at Edu-link, AEA, Ework English Centre, Thai Nguyen, Teaching English to Learners of Different Levels and Needs A Member of Outdoor Operational Team 275 THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Socialist Republic of Vietnam BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY Republic of the Philippines 2004 - up to the Present : Teacher of English at Thai Nguyen University of Education Co-composer of English Teaching Syllabus for Specific Purposes Editions (Geography, History, and Primary Education) February 2004 - April 2004 : Teacher of English (Practice Teacher) at the Luong Ngoc Quyen Senior High School - Thai Nguyen City, Teaching English to Senior High School Students ... thinking of the Vietnamese youth and their appreciation of literature Statement of the Problem This study is an analysis of the literary and rhetorical devices used in speeches of selected world. .. focused on the task of recording texts or making notes through concepts and categories; linking and combining abstract concepts; extracting the essence; organizing meaning; analyzing and interpreting... in the speeches of the selected world leaders; the themes of existence, patriotism, humanism, inner peace and moral principle as manifested in the selected speeches of the foregoing world leaders;