Chú ý: Nếu bổ ngữ của động từ theo sau thuộc cùng một người hoặc một vật với chủ ngữ của động từ đi trước, thì ta không nhắc lại nó.. 4b.[r]
(1)1.
Một Số Cấu Trúc thường xuyên gặp
I Mệnh đề trạng ngữ kết quả
1 So … That (quá … đến nỗi, mà)
S + verb + so + adj/adv + that + S + verb Ex: It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything I am so busy that I have no time to visit you He spoke so fast that I couldn’t understand him
So many / few + danh từ số nhiều + that So much / little + danh từ không đếm + that
Ex: She had so many children that she couldn’t remember their dates of birth Such … That (quá … đến nỗi)
S + V + such + (a/an) + adjective + noun + that + S + V Ex: It was such a heavy piano that we couldn’t move it She is such a kind girl that everybody loves her
He asked me such questions that I couldn’t answer them It was such hot tea that couldn’t drink it
II Cụm từ kết quả
3 Too…… to(quá …(khiến ai) khơng thể(làm gì)): dùng trước tính từ trạng từ S + verb +too + adj / adv +( for sb) to infinitive
Ex: He is too short to play basketball Ex: This coffee is too hot for me to drink
Chú ý: Nếu bổ ngữ động từ theo sau thuộc người vật với chủ ngữ động từ trước, ta khơng nhắc lại
Ex: The book is too expensive for me to buy.( không dùng it sau buy) 4a Enough ( đủ …(cho ai) để có thể(làm gì))
S + verb + adj / adv + enough +(for sb ) to infinitive Ex: Mary is old enough to what she wants
Ex: This coffee is cool enough for you to drink now The police ran quickly enough to catch the thief The questions were easy enough for them to answer He will speak English slowly enough for us to understand
Chú ý: Nếu bổ ngữ động từ theo sau thuộc người vật với chủ ngữ động từ trước, ta khơng nhắc lại
4b
Ex: I haven’t got enough money to go on holiday
5.A: SO THAT + CLAUSE: Chúng ta dung cấu trúc trước mệnh đề mục đích, với ý nghĩa “ thế”
Ex: I have given him my number so that he can phone me later I spoke very loudly so that I could hear him clearly
5B: dùng:
to + infinitive/ in order to + infinitive / so as to + infinitive ( để diễn tả mục đích) I went to Italy to study music
in order to study music so as to study music
chú ý : dạng phủ định cấu trúc là: in order not to infinitive / so as not to infinitive. Ex: I sat down quietly in order not to disturb their conversation
(2)I sat down quietly so as not to disturb their conversation 6.Một vài cách biến đổi câu tương ứng
S+V(present perfect)………… +TIME
It is + Time …….Since… +V(past) ( thời gian …… từ khi) Ex: Tom and Mary have been married for five years
> It is five years since Tom and Mary got married Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month
> It is one month since I last saw my father Ex: My father has died for years
> it is years since my father died
S+ have/has + not + V(pp)
It is the first time + S + have/has +V(pp) Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before
> It’s the first time I have seen that man here Ex: I have never read this book before
It is the first time I have read this book
S+has/have + not + V(pp)…….+SINCE (FOR)
-S + LAST +V(past)……….When…… - THE LAST TIME + S +V(past)…+WAS… Ex: I haven’t heard him since August
- The last time I heard him was in August Ex: I haven’t seen him since I was a student - I last saw him when I was a student Cấu trúc rút gọn tương đồng Câu xác định: ta dùng SO TOO.
So + trợ động từ + S = S + trợ động từ, too Cũng vậy, A: I am happy
B: So am I / I am, too A: I like music B: So I / I do, too A: I can speak English B: So can I / I can, too
A: I studied Russian at school B: So did I / I did, too
Câu phủ định: ta dùng NEITHER EITHER. Neither + trợ động từ + S
= S + trợ động từ + not, either Cũng không
A: I am not a teacher
B: Neither am I / I am not, either A: I don’t like music
(3)B: Neither can I / I can’t, either A: I didn’t study Russian at school B: Neither did I / I didn’t, either
10Để bày tỏ tương phản, ta dùng dạng động từ đối lập với câu người nói Ex: A: I’m a teacher > B: I’m not
A: I’ve got an electric watch > I haven’t A: I didn’t play tennis > I did
11
S + USED TO + INFINITIVE = thường, ( thói quen khứ) Ex: He used to visit me on Sundays last year
When I was young, I used to swim in this river 11
S + BE USED TO + V –ING/ NOUN S + GET USED TO + V –ING
= quen, trở nên quen với ( thói quen tại) Ex: My mother is used to getting up early in the morning
They are used to hot weather 12
IT + TAKE ( sb/sth) + Time + to infinitive = cần / (thời gian ) để……… Ex: It takes two hours to the test
It took me hours to repair the car yesterday - It will take our plane 30 minutes to arrive in Hanoi
13 cịn dung “ to infinitive” theo sau số tính từ: It’s + adjective + infinitive
It’s convenient to eat fast food It’s difficult to live a big city
10.IV CONJUNCTIONS:
1 Not only … but also (khơng …mà cịn …)
She is not only beautiful but also kind
He not only visited me but also gave me a present
Paul Anka not only plays the piano but also composes music
2 Both … and (vừa … vừa …)
- Nó theo sau từ cụm từ gióng “not only … but also” -Ex: She is both intelligent and beautiful
- Ex: They both dance and sing
- Khi nối hai chủ từ, động từ chia số nhiều Both he and his wife are teachers
3 Either … or (… …)
- Nó dùng để nói lựa chọn hai hay hai khả Ex: You can speak either English or French
She is either a doctor or a nurse
- Khi nối hai chủ từ, động từ chia theo chủ từ đứng gần động từ Ex: Either my mother or my father goes to the market
Either you or I am wrong
4 Neither … nor (không … mà không)
- Nó dùng để nối hai ý mang nghĩa phủ định Ex: We neither smoke nor drink
(4)Ex: Neither my mother nor my father goes to the market
V TAG QUESTIONS (Câu hỏi đuôi)
- Trong câu hỏi người nói phát biểu khơng hồn tồn chắn điều nên họ sử dụng
câu hỏi đuôi để xác định lại Câu hỏi đuôi thường có mệnh đề tách riêng với phần dấu phẩy
- Cách thành lập câu hỏi đuôi:
+ Ta sử dụng trợ động từ mệnh đề chính, khơng có trợ động từ ta mượn trợ động từ + Nếu mệnh đề phủ định phần xác định ngược lại
+ Không thay đổi
+ Sử dụng chủ từ mệnh đề phần giống nhau, chủ từ phần đuôi đại từ - Cấu trúc
Câu xác định + đuôi phủ định (trợ động từ + n’t + đại từ) Ex: You live in Gia Kiem, don’t you?
Câu phủ định + đuôi xác định + (trợ động từ + đại từ)
Ex: You don’t live in Gia Kiem, you?
I Kết hợp cặp câu sau sử dụng “so … that such … that” I couldn’t understand her She talked too fast
2 There were few people at the meeting It was cancelled We took a walk It was a nice day
4 Ted couldn’t get to sleep last night He was worried about the exam It was an expensive car We couldn’t afford to buy it
6 I don’t feel like going to class We’re having beautiful weather It took us tem minutes to get there There was little traffic They were beautiful flowers We took a photograph of them This is good coffee I think I’ll have another cup
10 It was a good book I couldn’t put it down
11 The classroom has comfortable chairs The students find it easy to fall asleep 12 Karen is a good pianist I’m surprised she didn’t go into music professionally 13 I have many problems I can use all the help you can give me
14 It took us ten minutes to get there There was little traffic 15 The piano was heavy Mike couldn’t move it
II Kết hợp cặp câu sau sử dụng cấu trúc có “too enough” We couldn’t eat the food It was very hot
2 Sarah can’t take a day off She’s very busy
3 Nobody could move the piano It was heavy as heavy I can’t explain the situation It’s complicated
5 Three people can’t sit on this sofa It isn’t wide We couldn’t climb over the walk It was very high
7 Natasha wants to be a professional musician She’s very good We shouldn’t swim in this river The water isn’t clean
(5)1 The problem is difficult to solve
A it is difficult problem to solve B it is a problem difficult solve C it is difficult to solve the problem D it is difficult solve the problem The coffee was too hot for me to drink
A.The coffee was so hot that I can’t drink it B The coffee was so hot that I can’t drink C The coffee was so hot that I couldn’t drink D.The coffee was so hot that I couldn’t drink it The coat is _ for me to wear.(A so much B too large C very much D too much)
4 They have to better than that _the goal medal ( A winning, B in order win, C to win, D so that to win) It spent me 30 minutes to clean the floor
6 Nowadays it is not easy _ a well-paid job.( find, finding, found, to find) The furniture was _
A too expensive for me to buy B enough cheap for me to buy C such expensive that I didn’t buy it D so expense that I did buy it
8.They worked hard they could pass the final examination ( because, since, so that, in case ) He took his seat quietly
A so as to not disturb their conversation B so as not to disturb their conversation C in order not disturb their conversation D.in order for him disturb their conversation
10 There are _ planets in the universe that we cannot count them( so much, so, so many, such) 11.we are not used on the left.( to drive, driving, to be driven, to driving)
12 he was looking for an eraser _ he could erase a mistake in his composition ( because, so that, therefore, however)
13 He walked slowly
( in his bad leg, so that his leg was bad, because of his bag leg, so his leg was bad) 14.He has really worked hard so far, he ? ( hasn’t, does, doesn’t, has)
15 He is learning English he can study in English.( so as, so that, in order to, so as to ) 16 The meeting was so length that many people had to leave before it ended
17 Oliver used to go fishing and _( so did me, so did I, I did not, so I did) 18 The room is so dirty that it needs clean without delay
19 the boy is so young to drive that lorry 20.The car was so expensive that I didn’t buy it
A The car was too expensive for me to buy B The car was cheap enough for me to buy A The car was such expensive for me to buy D The car was not so cheap that I couldn’t buy it 21.Both my father and my mother is football fans
22.He is neither a teacher _ a doctor.( nor, or ,not , and)
23 Neither Linda nor I classical music.( liking , likes , like , to like) He not only plays the piano composes music.( and , but also , or , nor) 24Tom is English Mary is English, too
A Neither Tom nor Mary is English B Either Tom or Mary is English
C Both Tom and Mary are English D Both Tom and Mary is English
25.He went to the library a book
A so as to borrow B so that to borrow C to borrowing D in order that borrow 26.The sun is so bright for us to look at directly
27 Paul was _ disappointed with his examination results that he didn’t smile all week ( such, too, so, enough )
28: There were so much books in the library that I didn’t know which one to choose 29.Sue: “ I like pop music”> Alice:“ ”
(A Yes, I like it, B No, I won’t, C So I,D Neither I ) 30 Peter: “ I enjoy listening to pop music” > Maria “ _” ( A I don’t, B Neither I, C I’m ,too, D so am I )