LIÊN TỪ (Conjunctions) + Bài tập

Hai từ trên có thể nói là về nghĩa chúng như nhau, đôi khi có thể dùng thay thế cho nhau nhưng trong chương trình phải phân biệt 2 từ này, nó dường như không có phân biệt về nghĩa, chú[r]

(1)

TIẾNG ANH – LIÊN TỪ

Ngoại ngữ MTEC – Số 2A, ngõ 52, phố Nam Dư, Lĩnh Nam, Hoàng Mai, HN Giáo viên : Nguyễn Thị Thuận Email & Facebook: nguyenthithuanbg@gmail.com

Điện thoại : 0969 953 568 Website: http://english4all.edu.vn

1

Full name : ……… Date : ………

LIÊN TỪ(CONJUNCTIONS)

I.7 Liên từ cách sử dụng

1 Liên từ kết hợp (coordinating conjunctions)

 Dùng loại liên từ để nối từ loại cụm từ/ nhóm từ loại, những mệnh đề ngang hàng (tính từ với tính từ, danh từ với danh từ )

 Gồm có: for, and, nor, but, or, yet  Ví dụ:

She is a good and loyal wife

Use your credit cards frequently and you'll soon find yourself deep in debt He is intelligent but very lazy

She says she does not love me, yet I still love her We have to work hard, or we will fail the exam He will surely succeed, for (because) he works hard

That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret my statement as an admission of guilt

• Chú ý: dùng liên từ kết hợp để nối hai mệnh đề, thêm dấu phẩy sau mệnh

đề thứ trước liên từ

Ulysses wants to play for UConn, but he has had trouble meeting the academic requirements

2 Tương liên từ (correlative conjunctions)

 Một vài liên từ thường kết hợp với từ khác để tạo thành tương liên từ Chúng thường sử dụng theo cặp để liên kết cụm từ mệnh đề có chức tương đương mặt ngữ pháp

 Gồm có: both and…(vừa….vừa…), not only but also… (khơng chỉ…mà cịn…), not but, either or (hoặc ), neither nor (không….cũng không…), whether or , as as, no sooner… than…(vừa mới….thì…)

 Ví dụ:

They learn both English and French He drinks neither wine nor beer

I like playing not only tennis but also football I don't have either books or notebooks

I can't make up my mind whether to buy some new summer clothes now or wait until the prices go down

3 Liên từ phụ thuộc (subordinating conjunctions)

 Loại liên từ phụ thuộc nối kết nhóm từ, cụm từ mệnh đề có chức khác nhau - mệnh đề phụ với mệnh đề câu

 Ví dụ liên từ sau nghĩa kèm theo chúng:

As

(2)

2

After: sau

After the train left, we went home

Although/ though:

Although it was after midnight, we did not feel tired

Before: trước

I arrived before the stores were open

Because:

We had to wait, because we arrived early

For:

He is happy, for he enjoys his work

If: nếu,

If she is here, we will see her

Lest: sợ

I watched closely, lest he make a mistake

Chú ý: sử dụng động từ nguyên thể mệnh đề ―lest‖ Providing/ provided: miễn

All will be well, providing you are careful

Since

1 Từ khi: I have been here since the sun rose 2 Bởi vì: Since you are here, you can help me

So/ so that

1 Bởi vậy: It was raining, so we did not go out

2 Để (= in order that): I am saving money so I can buy a bicycle

Supposing (= if)

Supposing that happens, what will you do?

Than: so với

He is taller than you are

Unless: trừ

Unless he helps us, we cannot succeed

Until/ till:

I will wait until I hear from you

Whereas

1 Bởi vì: Whereas this is a public building, it is open to everyone 2 Trong (ngược lại): He is short, whereas you are tall

Whether: hay không

I not know whether she was invited

While

1 Khi: While it was snowing, we played cards

2 Trong (ngược lại): He is rich, while his friend is poor 3 Mặc dù: While I am not an expert, I will my best

As if = in a similar way

She talks as if she knows everything

As long as

1 Nếu: As long as we cooperate, we can finish the work easily 2 Khi: He has lived there as long as I have known him

As soon as:

Write to me as soon as you can

As though = in a similar way

(3)

3

In case: Trong trường hợp

Take a sweater in case it gets cold

Or else = otherwise: khơng

Please be careful, or else you may have an accident

So as to = in order to: để

I hurried so as to be on time

Chú ý: Ngồi liên từ, sử dụng trạng từ liên kết therefore,

otherwise, nevertheless, thus, hence, furthermore, consequently… Ví dụ:

We wanted to arrive on time; however, we were delayed by traffic I was nervous; therefore, I could not my best

We should consult them; otherwise, they may be upset

4 Phân biệt cách sử dụng số liên từ giới từ có nghĩa

Liên từ Giới từ

because although while because of despite during

– Sự khác biệt chúng là: liên từ + mệnh đề, giới từ + danh từ ngữ danh từ

– Ví dụ:

They were upset because of the delay

They were upset because they were delayed Despite the rain, we enjoyed ourselves Although it rained, we enjoyed ourselves We stayed indoors during the storm We stayed indoors while the storm raged Một số liên từ thường gặp học tiếng anh: Liên từ đẳng lập (

Liên từ song song ) Liên từ phụ thuộc ( Liên từ phụ) AND

Ví dụ: She is a good and loyal wife I have many books and notebooks BOTH AND Ví dụ: She is both good and loyal hoc tieng anh

They learn both English and French AS WELL AS Ví dụ: He has

FOR

Ví dụ: He will surely succeed, for (because) he works hard WHEREAS

Ví dụ: He learns hard whereas his friends don't Wise men love truth whereas fools avoid it WHILE

Ví dụ: Don't sing while you work Don't talk while you eat

BESIDES, MOREOVER

Ví dụ: We have to study hard at school; besides, we must pay attention

to physical exercise

(4)

4 experience as well as

knowledge NO LESS THAN Ví dụ: You no less than he are very rich NOT ONLY BUT (ALSO)

Ví dụ: He learns not only English but but (also) Chinese I like playing not only tennis but (also) football

OR

Ví dụ: Hurry up, or you will be late EITHER OR

Ví dụ: He isn't either good or kind

I don't have either books or notebooks NEITHER NOR Ví dụ: He drinks neither wine nor beer She has neither husband nor children BUT

Ví dụ: He is intelligent but very lazy

She is ugly but hard-working

THEN

Ví dụ: You have eaten nothing; then you must be very hungry

The plant looks very faded; then it hasn't been watered for long

CONSEQUENTLY Ví dụ: You didn't work hard for this term; consequently, he failed the exam HOWEVER

Ví dụ: He is a very

SO

Ví dụ: He is a good teacher; so, he is very popular with students It rained very hard; so, we didn't go out that night

HENCE

Ví dụ: I had not money about me; hence I did not buy the book He came late; hence, he missed the first part of the lesson - Liên từ nối mệnh đề (như trạng ngữ):

a Thời gian (Time): AFTER

Ví dụ: A man shoud take a little rest, after he has worked hard The ship was checked carefully after she had been built AS

Ví dụ: He came her, as the clock struck six They left as the bell rang

AS SOON AS

Ví dụ: I will phone you as soon as I come home They will get married as soon as they finish university BEFORE

Ví dụ: Don't count your chickens before they are hatchd He talks as if he were very wise học tiếng anh giao tiếp Ví dụ: He has been very weak, since he was taken sick AS LONG AS

Ví dụ: No one can harm us, as long as we remain friends I will lend you some money as long as you promise to pay me back

UNTIL

Ví dụ: People not know the value of health until they lose it WHEN

Ví dụ: When you visit this country, you should bring thick winter clothes

WHILE

Ví dụ: Make hay while the sun shines Step while you dance

b Nơi chốn (Places): WHERE

Ví dụ: The bed room is the best place where I my homework WHEREVER

Ví dụ: His mother follows him wherever he goes I will go wherever to find a suitable job for me c Thể cách (Manner):

AS

Ví dụ: Do as I told you to AS IF

Ví dụ: He talks as if he knew everything about her He dances as if he were a professional dancer d So sánh (Comparisons):

(5)

5 lazy student;

however, he can pass all the exams easily It was raining very hard; however, we went out without umbrellar

NEVERTHELESS Ví dụ: She studies very hard;

nevertheless, she always gets bad marks

STILL, YET

Ví dụ: I speak to you peaceably; still/yet you will not listen She says she does not love me, yet, I still love her

OR, ELSE, OTHERWISE Ví dụ: We have to work hard,

or/else/otherwise we will fail the exam ONLY

Ví dụ: Go where you like; only not stay here

THEREFORE

Ví dụ: He violated the traffic signs, therefore he was punished

Ví dụ: He is as tall as his brother This bag is as expensive as that one THAN

Ví dụ: She is more beautiful than her sister She looks fatter than his friend

e Lí (Reasons): AS

Ví dụ: As it rained very hard, we stopped they games BECAUSE

Ví dụ: We could not pass the test because we didn't learn hard I didn't meet her because she had left earlier

SINCE

Ví dụ: I must go since she has telephoned three times f Mục đích (Purposes):

THAT

Ví dụ: I work hard that I may succeed in life SO THAT

Ví dụ: We went very early so that we could catch the last bus IN ORDER THAT

Ví dụ: We learn French in order to study in France g Điều kiện (Conditions) :

IF

Ví dụ: I will phone him if I have his phone number UNLESS (IF NOT)

Ví dụ: You will be late unless you set off now Unless you work hard, you will not pass the exam PROVIDED THAT

Ví dụ: I will pardon him provided that he acknowledge his fault You can enter the room provided that you have the ticket IN CASE

Ví dụ: You should take an umbrella in case it rains

Please take a map with you in case (that) you may get lost h Sự tương phản, trái ngược:

ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, EVEN THOUGH

Ví dụ: Though/even though /although it rained hard, I went out with her

AS

Ví dụ: Rich as he is, his isn't ever happy EVEN IF

Ví dụ: Even if my watch is right, we will be too late NOT WITH STANDING THAT

Ví dụ: He is poor not with standing that he works very hard *****Các Linking words thường dùng nhiều văn nói:

 But frankly speaking, : thành thật mà nói

 It was not by accident that… : khơng phải tình cờ mà…

(6)

6

 It is worth noting that : đáng ý

 Be affected to a greater or less degree : nhiều bị ảnh hưởng

 According to estimation,… : theo ước tính,…

 According to statistics, … : theo thống kê,

 According to survey data, theo số liệu điều tra,

 Viewed from different angles, … : nhìn từ nhiều khía cạnh khác

 As far as I know,… theo biết,

 Not long ago ; cách đâu không lâu

 More recently, …gần hơn,…

 What is mentioning is that… điều đáng nói …

 There is no denial that… chối cải là…

 To be hard times : lúc khó khăn

 According to a teacher who asked not to be named, theo giáo viên đề nghị giấu tên,…

 I have a feeling that tơi có cảm giác rằng…

 Make best use of : tận dụng tối đa

 In a little more detail : chi tiết chút

 From the other end of the line : từ bên đầu dây (điện thoại)

 Doing a bit of fast thinking, he said sau thoáng suy nghỉ, nói…

***** Một số loại từ nối tiếng anh thường dùng công việc

Apart from besides thường dùng với nghĩa as well as, in addition to Ví dụ:

 Apart fromRover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer / Ngồi Rover, chúng tơi nhà

sản xuất xe thể thao lớn

 BesidesRover, we are the largest sports car manufacturer / Ngồi Rover, chúng tơi nhà sản

xuất xe thể thao lớn

* Moreovervà furthermore bổ sung thêm thông tin cho quan điểm mà bạn đưa ra

Ví dụ: Marketing plans give us an idea of the potential market Moreover, they tell us about the competition / Các kế hoạch tiếp thị cho ý tưởng thị trường tiềm Hơn nữa, chúng cho biết cạnh tranh.

* Summarising (tóm tắt)

 In short / In brief / In summary / To summarise

 In a nutshell / To conclude / In conclusion

Những cụm từ thường đặt đầu câu để đưa tóm tắt cho ta vừa nói viết ra.

* Sequencing ideas (sắp xếp ý tưởng theo trình tự)

 The former, the latter(vấn đề trước), (vấn đề sau)

 Firstly, secondly, finally(đầu tiên là, hai là, cuối là)

 The first point is(điểm thứ là) / Lastly(cuối cùng) / The following(sau đây)

 The formervà the latter dùng bạn muốn đề cập hai ý

(7)

7

Firstly, secondly, finally (hoặclastly) dùng để liệt kê ý Hiếm dùng "fourthly", "fifthly" Thay vào dùng the first point, the second point, the third point vân vân.

* The following cách hay để bắt đầu chuỗi liệt kê Ví dụ: The followingpeople

have been chosen to go on the training course: N Peters, C Jones and A Owen./ Những người sau chọn để tiếp tục khóa học đào tạo: N Peters, C Jones Owen.

Bài tập từ nối tiếng anh:

Bài tập 1: Điền vào chỗ trống với từ sau: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.

1 Things were different ………… I was young. 2 I it ……… I like it.

3 Let us wait here ………… the rain stops.

4 You cannot be a lawyer ……… you have a law degree. 5 She has not called ……… she left last week.

6 I saw him leaving an hour ……… two ago. 7 This is an expensive ………… very useful book.

8 We were getting tired ………… we stopped for a rest. 9 He was angry ………… he heard when happened. 10 Walk quickly ………… you will be late.

11 He had to retire ……… of ill health.

12 We will go swimming next Sunday ………… it's raining. 13 I heard a noise ………… I turned the light on.

14 Would you like a coffee ……… tea?

Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu sau dùng liên từ thích hợp

1 We know him We know his friends. 2 The coat was soft The coat was warm. 3 It is stupid to that It is quite unnecessary. 4 I wanted to go He wanted to stay.

5 Your arguments are b They don’t convince me. 6 You can go there by bus You can go there by train. 7 I was feeling tired I went to bed when I got home.

Đáp án:

Bài 1: when because until unless since or but so when 10 or 11 because 12 unless 13 so 14 or

Bài 2:

1 We know him and his friends

2 The coat was both soft and warm

3 It is stupid and quite unnecessary to that

4 I wanted to go but he wanted to stay

5 Your arguments are b but they don’t convince me

6 You can go there either by bus or by train

7 I was feeling tired so I went to bed when I got home

Bài tập 3: Điền vào chỗ trống liên từ thích hợp:

(8)

8

3 I can’t express my opinion………I know the fact. 4 We started very early…… we should miss the train. 5 He will stay here…… you come.

6 ……… he tried hard, he wasn’t successful.

7 He worked late last night…… he might be free to go away tomorrow. 8 The room is ….small… we can’t all get in.

9 …….you had left earlier, you would have caught the train. 10 The road seems longer…….I thought.

11 ………it rained hard, we played the match. 12 ……… you may go, he won’t forget you.

Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu sau cho nghĩa không thay đổi

1 Although Tom was a poor student, he studied very well. => In spite of ………

2 Mary could not go to school because she was sick. => Because of ………

3 Although the weather was bad, she went to school on time. => Despite ……….

4 My mother told me to go to school although I was sick. => In spite of ………

5 Because there was a big storm, I stayed at home. => Because of ………

6 Tom was admitted to the university although his grades were bad. => Despite ………

7 Although she has a physical handicap, she has become a successful woman. => Despite ………

8 In spite of his god salary, Tom gave up his job. => Although……….

9 Though he had not finished the paper, he went to sleep. => In spite of ……….

10 In spite of the high prices, my daughter insists on going to the movies. => Even though ………

Bài tập 5: Viết lại câu sau dùng liên từ thích hợp 1 We know him We know his friends

……… 2 The coat was soft The coat was warm

……… 3 It is stupid to that It is quite unnecessary

……… 4 I wanted to go He wanted to stay

……… 5 Your arguments are strong They don’t convince me

……… 6 You can go there by bus You can go there by train

(9)

9 ………

Bài tập 6: Điền vào chỗ trống liên từ thích hợp: 1 I’ll come and see you…….I leave for Moscow

2 He will tell you……… you get home

3 I can’t express my opinion………I know the fact 4 We started very early…… we should miss the train 5 He will stay here…… you come

6 ……… he tried hard, he wasn’t successful

7 He worked late last night…… he might be free to go away tomorrow 8 The room is ….small… we can’t all get in

9 …….you had left earlier, you would have caught the train 10 The road seems longer…….I thought

11 ………it rained hard, we played the match 12 ……… you may go, he won’t forget you

Bài 5:

1 We know him and his friends 2 The coat was both soft and warm

3 It is stupid and quite unnecessary to that 4 I wanted to go but he wanted to stay

5 Your arguments are strong but they don’t convince me 6 You can go there either by bus or by train

7 I was feeling tired so I went to bed when I got home

Bài 6: 1 before 2 when 3 unless 4 for fear that 5 until

6 although 7 so that 8 so….that 9 if

10 than

11 even though/although 12 wherever

Exception & addition linking words(3): also, not only but also, too, furthermore also (ngồi ra, cịn )+ đặt sau "and" đối

với câu đơn

+ đặt đầu câu thứ hai để tạo liên kết với câu trước đó

subject (+auxiliary/modal) + also + verb

Note: Không dùng "also" cuối câu

I cooked the meal and also I washed up afterwards

(Tơi nấu ăn sau cịn rửa chén) I cooked the meal Also, I washed up afterwards

(10)

10 not only (but) also (khơng

những mà cịn )

(Cơ có kĩ sử dụng máy vi tính ấy cịn nói vài thứ tiếng)

NOT: and she speaks/ can speak several languages also

I not only cooked the

meal (but) I also washed up afterwards.

too/ as well (cũng)

+đặt cuối câu có hai mệnh đề liên kết "and"

+đặt cuối câu thứ hai

Note: không dù "too/as well" đầu câu

I cooked the meal and I washed up afterwards, too/ as well

NOT: and I too/as well washed up afterwards

I cooked the meal I washed up afterwards, too/ as well

NOT: Too I washed up afterwards.

furthermore/moreover (Hơn nữa,

ra, thêm vào đó)+ trang trọng + theo sau dấu phẩy

The room I was given at your hotel was unsatisfactory

(Tơi khơng thấy hài lịng với phịng tơi tại khách sạn bạn)

Furthermore/Moreover, the service was very poor

(Thêm vào đó, dịch vụ lại nghèo nàn) Mời bạn theo dõi phần liên quan:

Exception & Addition linking words(1): apart from, except for, but

Exception & Addition linking words(2): as well as, in addition to, besises Alternative linking words : instead of, rather than, otherwise, else, whether or

CÁCH DÙNG TỪ 'SO' VÀ 'THEREFORE', 'AWARD' VÀ 'REWARD'

SO >< THEREFORE

A Những trường hợp SO dùng khác THEREFORE

-So as an adverb: Cũng (để khỏi lập lại ý nói): I was wrong but so were you (so=also)

(11)

11 thì dễ nhầm dùng Trong trường hợp so làm conjunction, therefore làm conjunctive adverb nối mệnh đề độc lập trước so, dùng dấu phẩy comma, trước therefore, dùng dấu chấm phẩy semicolon (xem phần cuối)

-Trong thí dụ sau, so khác nghĩa với therefore, thay therefore được:

-So as an intensifier or as an emphasis: (such a degree, đến vậy, very, rất, quá) I was so glad to find that print that I bought copies for al my friends

The food is so good Why are you so mad? Thank you so much I felt so sick yesterday

It’s so simple that even a child can it Idioms with so:

And so forth (and so on), vân vân So what? Thì sao?

So much the better=càng hay, tốt You can use dried parsley, but if you have fresh, so much the better Bạn dùng mùi tây khơ, có mùi tây tươi tốt So long (goodbye)

How are you feeling? Not so good So help me God (để nhấn mạnh) So be it! Thì đành thơi!

-So=so that (expressing a purpose; để)

She whispered to me so (=so that) no one would hear

[Trong câu viết, nên dùng so that, nói, người Mỹ thường bỏ that trong trường hợp này.]

(12)

12 It was raining, so we didn’t go out

There was no bus, so we walked

B Therefore:

-As an adverb:

Will you therefore resign?

I would, therefore, like a response

I think, therefore I am (Descartes—Cogito ergo sum )—ta có suy nghĩ có ta (Ta có suy nghĩ chứng ta hữu)

-Therefore as a conjunctive adverb: (consequently, for that reason, vậy, cho nên, vậy)

I was nervous; therefore, I could not my best in the driving test

There are many people who want to buy the painting; you should, therefore, expect the price to be rather high [để ý semicolon trước ―you‖ Nếu therefore câu, ngăn bởi commas.] Có nhiều người muốn mua họa, nên bạn biết giá cao There are many people who want to buy the painting; therefore you should expect the price to be rather high [Trước therefore có semi-colon, nối mệnh đề independent clauses.)

I didn’t read the test very well; therefore I was surprised I did it very well Tôi không đọc thi kỹ, nên tơi lấy làm lạ thấy làm

C Therefore & so used interchangeably Therefore is more formal But note the semicolon used before therefore, and a comma before so:

He wanted to study late, so he drank another cup of coffee

He wanted to study late; therefore he drank another cup of coffee She is ill, and so cannot come to the party

(13)

13

Tóm lại:

Khi diễn tả ý ―vì cho nên‖, truớc so dùng comma; trước therefore dùng semicolon nếu so hay therefore nối hai mệnh đề độc lập So trong thí dụ conjunction (liên từ) therefore conjunctive adverb (liên trạng từ) hay adverbial conjunction So : vậy

but : nhưng

however : tuy nhiên

Therefore : vì vậy

Phân biệt so therefore

Hai từ nói nghĩa chúng nhau, đơi dùng thay cho nhưng chương trình học tụi lại phải phân biệt này, dường ko có phân biệt nghĩa, thầy nói cách mơ màng so dùng nói nguyên nhân so kết quả, ngẫu nhiên thời, nguyên nhân kết quả, cịn ngun nhân thereforekết quả q trình có logic, nhiều nguyên nhân, hồi

sau therefore, suy luận nhân logic Tuy nhiên điều ko giúp đc tụi mình trình làm trắc nghiệm, câu TN dịng cùng, lấy phân biệt logic hay ko logic

=> Mình dựa vào dấu hiệu vị trí dấu câu :

- so ko đứng đầu câu (trong văn viết), thường đứng câu trước có dấu phảy - therefore đứng đầu câu, sau có dấu phảy

- therefore đứng câu, trước có dấu chấm phảy, sau có dấu phảy ko có, hoặc có dấu phảy trước sau

- therefore đứng cuối câu, trước có dấu phảy

******* so dùng thơng dụng văn nói, therefore trang trọng hơn, thường dùng văn viết

Phân biệt but however

Tương tự so therefore đó, na ná nhau, khó phân biệt, nhưng dễ phân biệt therefore so

But nghĩa nối mệnh đề trái ngược hoàn toàn vế trước đối nghịch của nguyên nhân gây sau

- She did her homework, but I didn't

(14)

14 However nghĩa nhiên, thể nhượng bộ, nói trái ngược nhưng khơng đối nghịch hồn tồn, ý định nhận mạnh phần sau phần trước, ý nói phần trước khơng đáng kể so với phần sau

- We could fly via Vienna;however it isn't the only way

- Lan is a very good student; however Hung is much better than her (ý nhấn mạnh

Hùng, Lan ko đáng kể so với Hung, khác với câu Lan is a very good student, but Hung is much better than her, nhấn mạnh ko nặng câu trên)

Ngoài ra, để phân biệt but và however cũng dùng dấu câu tương tự so và

therefore :

- but ko đứng đầu câu (trong văn viết), thường đứng câu trước có dấu phảy - However đứng đầu câu, sau có dấu phảy

- However đứng câu, trước có dấu chấm phảy, sau có dấu phảy ko có - However đứng cuối câu, trước có dấu phảy

******* but dùng thơng dụng văn nói, however trang trọng hơn, thường dùng văn viết

(những phân biệt cách dùng dấu câu mang tính chất tương đối)

Làm số bt thực hành :

Fill each blank with but, so, however, or therefore where appropriate.

1/ This is the shortest way to the city center; it is not the only way 2/ The boy was able to learn English, he is very lazy

3/ He didn't attend the lesson, he could not his homework 4/ The rice is 6000 dong per kilo, we bouht 10 kilos

5/ Your son is heading to the right direction; I think you should encougrage him to learn harder

6/ It is very late now, she is still at her office

7/ It was midnight, they closed the restaurant and went home

8/ He had written to her many times, she didn't give any reply, they had been out of touch ever since

(15)

15 SO VÀ THEREFORE

Hai từ nói nghĩa chúng nhau, đơi dùng thay cho nhưng chương trình phải phân biệt từ này, dường khơng có phân biệt nghĩa, biết cách mơ màng là so dùng nói nguyên nhân so kết quả,

nó ngẫu nhiên thời, nguyên nhân kết quả, nguyên nhân therefore kết quả q trình có logic, nhiều nguyên nhân Ta dựa vào dấu hiệu là vị trí dấu câu :

- so không đứng đầu câu (trong văn viết), thường đứng câu trước có dấu phẩy

- therefore đứng đầu câu, sau có dấu phẩy

- therefore đứng câu, trước có dấu chấm phẩy, sau có dấu phẩy ko có, hoặc có dấu phẩy trước sau

- therefore đứng cuối câu, trước có dấu phẩy

- so dùng thơng dụng văn nói, therefore trang trọng hơn, thường dùng văn viết

BUT VÀ HOWEVER

Tương tự Phân biệt SO THEREFORE, But However tương tự nhau, khó phân biệt, dễ phân biệt therefore so

But nghĩa nối mệnh đề trái ngược hoàn toàn vế trước đối nghịch nguyên nhân gây sau

Ví dụ:

She did her homework, but I didn’t

It was midnight, but the restaurant was still open

- However nghĩa nhiên, thể nhượng bộ, nói trái ngược nhưng không đối nghịch hoàn toàn, ý định nhận mạnh phần sau phần trước, ý nói phần trước khơng đáng kể so với phần sau

Ví dụ:

We could fly via Vienna; however it isn’t the only way

Lan is a very good student; however Hung is much better than her

- In addition, cũng additionally, furthermore, besides, moreover, thường được dùng đầu câu

Example: You must read the question carefully In addition, you should also prepare an outline for your essay

in addition to + something: cụm từ mang tính chất đặc ngữ, có nghĩa

"Bên cạnh đó" Phận sự: Giới thiệu thêm điều bên cạnh nói trước e.g Để diễn tả câu, "Bên cạnh vẻ đẹp tuyệt trần, nàng tiếng tài năng."

"In addition to her great beauty, she is also well-known for her talent."

Với lớp nghĩa này, cịn có cụm từ chuyển tiếp "In addition" đứng đầu câu, phân cách với mệnh đề chánh dấu phẩy

(16)

16 Trong đó,

- Something is an addtion to something else (chú ý mạo từ "a" - danh từ đếm được): thêm vào khác, để cải thiện khác tốt Dịch: là nhân tố bổ sung cho

e.g "This excellent book will be a welcome addition to the library of any student"

(Quyển sách xuất chúng nhân tố bổ sung có giá trị cho thư viện sinh viên nào)

Có thể ý thấy "an addtion to" cụm từ danh từ đứng sau to be, "in

addtion (to) " cụm từ giới từ thường đặt đầu câu cuối câu tùy văn phong người viết

While Whereas

Showing Direct Contrast: While And Whereas

(Sự tương phản dùng While và Whereas) a Mary is rich, while John is

poor

b John is poor, while Mary is rich

c. Whereas Mary is rich, John is poor.

Dùng While và Whereas để tương phản trực

tiếp:

A trái ngược hoàn toàn với B

While và Whereas dùng hai

mệnh

đề mà khơng có khác nghĩa

Whereas dùng chủ yếu văn viết trang

trọng

Lưu ý: Ngay mệnh đề trạng ngữ đứng sau, ta cũng

dùng dấu phẩy. So sánh:

e While I was studying, the phone

rang.

Ngồi ra, While cịn dùng mệnh đề thời

gian, có

nghĩa "trong khi", xem ví dụ (

Bài tập trắc nghiệm Liên từ Tiếng Anh

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences He got wet _ he forgot his umbrella

A because of B because C but D and

2 He stops working _ heavy raining

A in spite of B although C despite D because of

(17)

17

A in spite of B although C because D because of

4 Tom wakes his parents up _ playing the guitar very softly

A because B in spite of C because of D although

5 Nobody could hear her _ she spoke too quietly

A although B because C because of D in spite of

6 We decided to leave early _the party was boring

A although B despite C because D because of

7 Many people believe him he often tells a lie

A because B in spite of C although D because of

8 _she was very hard working; she hardly earned enough to feed her family

A In spite of B Because C Because of D Although

9 _her absence from class yesterday, she couldn’t understand the lesson

A Although B In spite of C Because of D Because

10 her poorness, she feels happy

A Although B Because C If D In spite of

11 We all feel sad _ the bad news

A because B because of C though D despite

12 John lost his job his laziness

A because of B because C in spite of D though

13 I went to the club last Saturday the heavy rain

A because of B because C in spite of D though

14 He has had this car _ six months

A in B since C during D for

15 We can't go to Julia's party _ we're going away that weekend

A because B because of C although D in spite of

16 repeated assurances that the product is safe; many people have stopped buying it

(18)

18 17 She walked home by herself, _ she knew that it was dangerous

A because B although C and D but

18 _ his injuries, he bears no animosity towards his attackers

A Because of B But for C In spite of D Without

19 I'll see you after the show and give you £20 for the tickets, or _ much they cost

A whatever B nevertheless C besides D however

20 Mai worked hard, she passed her exam

A so B although C because D though

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences _ she was very tired, she helped her brother with his homework

A Because B whether C Although D so

2 It’s raining hard, _ we can’t go to the beach

A or B but C so D though

3 Nam was absent from class yesterday he felt sick

A so B because C although D but

4 Tom has a computer, _ he doesn’t use it

A or B as C because D but

5 The boy can’t reach the shelf he’s not tall enough

A because B although C even though D and

6 The film was boring, we went home

A so B when C but D if

7 The girl bought the shoes _ they are very expensive

A but B if C so D although

8 He used to smoke a lot now he doesn’t smoke any more

A still B therefore C but D as

9 She couldn’t unlock it she had the wrong key

(19)

19 10 it rained, the boys played football

A Even B Even though C However D In spite of

11 It was still painful, I went to see a doctor

A so B however C but D or

12 Lan likes oranges _ her sister doesn’t

A but B as C so D because

13 Nam failed the final exam _ he was lazy

A while B though C because D but

14 He’s tired _ he stayed up late watching TV

A and B or C if D since

15 Jim can speak English _ French fluently

A also B but also C and D so

16 _ the traffic, I arrived on time

A Though B Although B Even though D In spite of 17 they live near us, we can see them very often

A So b As C Though D Even

18 I was really tired, I couldn’t sleep

A If B Although C While D However

19 We watched TV the whole evening we had nothing better to

A because B though C so d but

20 It’s cheap, _ I don’t like it

A and B because C so d however

Exercise 3: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences it was late, I decided to phone Brian

A Despite B However C In spite of D Though

2 The little boy was hungry he ate nothing

(20)

20 the car was cheap, it was in good condition

A Although B Because C As D If

4 tomorrow is a public holiday; all the shops will be shut all day

A As B Just as C Although D When

5 She came in _ turned on the radio

A so B and C or D but

6 We didn’t go for a walk _ it was very cold

A though B because C but D so

7 I tried to persuade her, I didn’t succeed

A Because B So C Although D However

8 Lan woke up late _ she didn’t have time for breakfast

A so B since C as d though

9 I like fish I don’t like catching them myself

A or B but C so D and

10 He had an accident he was careful

A even though B because C so D since

11 _ it was raining, I went swimming

A So B Because C However D Although

12 Ann felt ill, she insisted on going to work

A though B so C and D but

13 _ I felt tired, I went to bed early

A Although B So C As D However

14 _ he’s got an English name, he is German

A Although B However C Because D Since

15 They decided not to go out for a meal _ they were too tired

A so B because C but D if

(21)

21

A so B and C but D because

17 Keith decided to give up his job _ I advised him not to

A because B however C although D since

18 we were in town, we often met him

A For B Although C So D When

19 She didn’t get the job she had all the necessary qualifications

A because B although C so D but

20 I could not eat I was very hungry

A even though B in spite of C despite D in spite the fact that

Exercise 4: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences In spite _, the baseball game was not cancelled

A the rain B of the rain C it was raining D there was a rain _ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car

A In spite B In spite of C Despite D Although , he walked to the station

A Despite being tired B Although to be tired C In spite being tired D Despite tired The children slept well, despite _

A it was noise B the noise C of the noise D noisy She left him she still loved him

A even if B even though C in spite of D despite _ her lack of hard work, she was promoted

A In spite B Even though C in spite of D despite of _ they are brothers, they not look like

A Although B Even C Despite D In spite of

8 I’m learning English I want to get a better job

(22)

22 Please that work I told you yesterday

A like B as C same as D similar to

10 This boy lied to you you don’t trust him anymore

A so B but C and D however

11 _ Dad works hard all day; he always goes to bad late and gets up early

A However B Despite C Although D No matter

12 That boy wasn’t busy _, he refused to help his mother

A so B but C and D however

13 the rain, the baseball game was not cancelled

A In spite of B Even though C Although D Despite

14 I got a job _ my bad English

A if B although C in spite of D because

15 I’m not going to the party _ I know that I should

A although B because C despite D if

16 _ I came to see her yesterday, she was reading a magazine

A When B While C Before D After

17 Tom went to work despite _

A that he did not feel very well B of the fact not feeling well C he did not feel very well D not feeling very well 18 Though _, they are good friends

A their sometimes quarrel B to have a quarrel sometimes

C they sometimes have a quarrel D of having a quarrel sometimes

19 Despite _, we arrived on time

A the traffic B of the traffic

C there was heavy traffic D of there was heavy traffic 20 _it was very cold, she did not put on her coat

(23)

23 Exercise 5: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences

1 having the best qualifications among all the applicants, Justin was not offered the job A Although B While C In spite of D Despite of the internet is very popular, many older people not know how to use it

A However B Nevertheless C Even though D Despite _ he wasn’t feeling very well, David was determined to take part in the inter-university athletics meet

A Although B While C Where as D yet They were brave and persistent. _, they had no chance of winning

A However B While C Although D Whereas Bob has been working very hard these days , he can’t afford to buy a new car

A While B Even though C.Though D Nevertheless what she prepared for the job interview, Megan didn’t pass it

A Despite of B In spite of C Though D However Josh is one of the best student of the school. , he can’t pass the national chemistry exam

A.However B.Although

C In spite of the fact that D Despite of the fact that

8 Bruce was not praised _ he was a hard worker

A.despite B in spite of C although D despite of It looks like they are going to succeed _ their present difficulties

A.despite B although C in spite D even though

10 Mery usually goes to parties She likes meeting people and crowded places she is rather shy A.In spite of B Even though C On the contrary D In other words

11 Ann: Have you decided to get the job?

Terry: Yes, I’ve just decided I’ll accept that job _ it is not suitable with my major It is not an interesting job, the salary is very good

(24)

24 12 he has continued to work on his thesis

A Although all these problems B Even though there are problems C Despite all these problems D In spite of there are problems

13 _ some German and British management styles are similar, there are many differences between them

A In spite B In spite of C although D Despite

14 I could not eat _ I was very hungry

A even though B in spite C despite D despite of

15 In spite _, the baseball game was not cancelled

A the rain B of the rain B it was raining D there was a rain 16 _ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car

A In spite B In spite of C Despite D Although

17 _, he walked to the station

A Despite being tired B Although to be tired C In spite being tired D Despite tired 18 The children slept well, despite _

A it was noise B the noise C of the noise D noisy 19 She left him _ she still loved him

A even if B even though C in spite of D despite 20 _ her lack of hard work, she was promoted

A In spite B Even though C In spite of D Despite of Exercise 6: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences

1 In spite of , he was determined to finish his work

A was seriously ill B be seriously ill C his serious illness D he was seriously ill _ they are brothers, they not look like

A Although B Even C Despite D In spite of

(25)

25

A despite B in spite of C though D as though

4 _ of the difficulty, they managed to climb to the top of the mountain

A In spite B Despite C But D Although

5 _, he could not finish the job

A As hard as he work B Despite he worked hard

C Though he worked hard D Although hard work

6 He went to work _ his headache

A despite B although C because D because of

7 Despite _, we knew that he was guilty

A denied B of denying C he denied D his denial

8 Despite the fact that _, we enjoyed our trip A the weather is bad B it is a bad weather

C the bad weather D the weather was bad

9 Julie failed the exam _ of working very hard

A despite B in spite C even if D though

10 Lan has learnt English since she a small girl

A is B was C has been D had been

11 Don’t go anywhere until I back

A come B came C will come D am coming

12 Before cars , people horses and bicycles

A were discovered/ had used B discovering / had used

C had discovered/ used D discovered/ had used

13 I am going to speak with the boss when the meeting _

A will end B ends C is ending D would end

14 When we him tomorrow, we will remind him of that

(26)

26 A tell B will tell C would tell D would have told 16 When the police came, they

A are fighting B fought C would be fighting D were fighting 17 Before she came to England, she English

A studied B will study C had studied D was studying

18 I have lost touch with him He left for London

A as soon as B after C before D since

19 My mother is washing the dishes my father is watching television

A when B while C as D since

20 _, I will give him the report

A When he will return B When he returns C Until he will return D No sooner he returns

Exercise 7: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences _ the firemen arrived to help, we had already put out the fire

A Until B No sooner C By the time D After

2 I have earned my own living _ I was seven

A since B when C while D as soon as

3 We saw many beautiful birds _ in the lake

A when we are fishing B while fishing C while fished D fishing _, Peter came to see me

A While having dinner B While I was having dinner C When having dinner D When lam having dinner _ my homework, I went to bed

A After I had finished B After finished

C Finished D After had finished

6 _ the dance, Jerry said good-bye to his girlfriend

(27)

27

C Before leaving D Before he will leave

7 Jones _ after everyone _

A speaks / will eat B will speak / has eaten

C is speaking / eats D has spoken / will have eaten _, Joe stays in bed and reads magazines

A Whenever raining B As it will be raining C When it will rain D Whenever it rains _ in Rome than he was kidnapped

A No sooner he arrived B Had he no sooner arrived

C No sooner had he arrived D No sooner he had arrived

10 _ Peter gets here, we will congratulate him

A As soon as B After C No sooner D Since

11 Mrs Pike _ the door before the customers arrived

A had opened B will open C would open D has open

12 After Mariana _ her exam, I _ her out to eat

A was finishing / would take B finished / had taken C will finish / have taken D has finished / will take 13 Mary will have finished all her work _

A as soon as her boss returned B until her boss will return

C by the time her boss returns D when he-r boss will return

14 She went on crying, with her head sunk into a pillow, and cried and cried _ the pillow was wet through

A before B after C until D while

15 As soon as I arrive in New York, I you

A phone B to phone C will phone D phoned

16 I will close the door before I out

(28)

28 70 câu -Từ nối (with answer)

1 He is very old, he still works very hard

A but B.if C.when D.as

2 you are dismissed

A Neither you go nor B Either you go or

C Whether you go or D Both you go and

3 They had camped once before, they knew what to take

A because B now C so D since Why these things happened was the driver had been careless

A because of B owing to C due to D that Although, it's raining, are still working in the fields

A they B but they C and they D so they

6 _we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint

A So B Since that C Now that D By now Write clearly your teacher can understand you correctly

A since B for C because D so that 8.You'll miss the train _ you hurry up

A unless B as C if D until

9 Francis did the task his brother

A as good as B as better as C as well as D as best as 10.The size of the audience, we had expected, was well over twenty thousand

A as B what C that D whom 11.I thought he hated the TV You are right, he still watches the program

A yet B besides C also D then 12 It looks it's going to rain

A that B as C as if D like that

(29)

29 A Because she went B After she went C When she went D Since she went 14. _he daydreamed, Peter saw figures in the sky

A Until B Since C While D During

15 We arrived at the station the train had left

A after B before C since D when

16 he was in poor health, he worked just as hard as everyone else A But B Although C Even if D If 17 Give me one more minute I'll have finished

A so B until C and D when

18 The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, he could not find any work A and B yet C or D and but 19 Hurry up, you'll be late

A or B and C so D yet 20 Do not make the same mistake I did

A so B as C like D that

21 My sister is expecting me, I must be off now

A however B or C so D otherwise

22 We should pay attention to industry to agriculture

A either, or B neither, nor C not, but D both, and 23 He ran off I could stop him

A before B after C since D when 24 you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened

A Till B Until C After D Since

25 Where have you been _ you left home?

A before B as C since D when

26 the problem of method is solved, talking about the task is useless

(30)

30 27 We have produced 15% more cotton this year we did last year

A as B than C like D white 28.It is late; , I'm too tired to go out

A besides B except C except for D except that

29 Everything around us is solid liquid gas

A not / but B either / or C neither / nor D whether / or 30 He will come you ask him

A whether B unless C if D while 31 he will come or not is still unknown

A If B Where C That D Whether

32.I don' t know to stay at home or go out

A whether B if C how D where

33 He spoke loudly the audience could hear him clearly

A so B that C so that D in order to 34 The book is not easy it's rather difficult

A On the one hand B On the contrary C On the other hand D On the other contrary 35 You must work hard, you will not learn English well

A if B whether C otherwise D unless 36 It rained heavily, the basketball match had to be put off

A so that B when C otherwise D therefore 37 We must the people want us to

A whatever B however C wherever D whenever

38 You are certainly right, others may say

A what B whatever C that D as

39 makes mistakes must correct them

A Who B What C Whoever D Whatever

(31)

31

A when B where C whoever D whenever

41. you work, you must always serve the people heart and soul

A Wherever B Whenever C Where D When

42. you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty

A Once B At once C Only D Only then 43. difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month

A No matter how B No matter what C No matter when D No matter where

44 We can surely overcome these difficulties _ we are closely united

A so far as B as long as C as soon as D as well as 45. I know he will stay here for half a year

A as soon as B as long as C so far as D as well as 46 Please write me _ you arrive in New York

A as well as B so long as C as far as D as soon as 47 That is not _ I want

A that B why C what D whose

48 he did it remains a secret

A What B Whom C Which D How 49 It is quite clear _ he won't see us

A what B that C why D how

50 Would you tell me _ way I should take?

A what B that C which D whose

51 I am sure _ you said is true

A what B that C which D who

52 The trouble is _ we can not find such an expert

A why B that C where D which 53 It has not been decided they will leave

(32)

32

54 We shall go you are ready

A while B as soon as C as D since 55 He will tell you about it _ you get there

A while B as C when D as soon as 56 Don't try to get off the bus _ it has stopped

A while B as C since D before 57 I'll come and see you I go to the countryside

A while B when C as soon as D before

58 he came to study in the university, he has made much progress in the study of English A While B When C Since D After

59 Things have changed a lot _ I wrote to you last time

A when B since C as D before 60 I can't use your pen, there is no ink in it

A for B when C if D whether

61 I'd like to go swimming the water is not too cold

A for B unless C if D whether 62 Difficulties are nothing we are not afraid of them

A for B as C if D whether 63 The doctor will not perform the operation it is absolutely necessary

A when B if C for D unless 64 Go back you came from

A until B where C which D when 65 He lay the grass was the thickest

A where B when C that D after

66 You will find friendly people you go in China

(33)

33 A If B Whether C But D Though

68 he has finished writing the novel is unknown

A If B Whether C When D While

69 We'll go and see the patient we are busy

A even if B for C if D while

Định dạng
Số trang	33
Dung lượng	722,67 KB