Edexcel a level chemistry 1 by hunt, andrew curtis

EDEXCEL A LEVEL CHEMISTRY Graham Curtis Andrew Hunt Graham Hill 807466_FM_Edexcel Chemistry_i-vi.indd 07/04/2015 11:46 Photo credits: p Karina Baumgart – Fotolia; blueskies9 – Fotolia (inset); p image originally created by IBM Corporation; p Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library (both); p. 6 theartofphoto – Fotolia; p 10 Gayvoronskaya_Yana/Shutterstock; p 12 t Science Source/Science Photo Library; b Sheila Terry/Science Photo Library; p 15 Jason Hawkes/Corbis; p 16 Graham J Hills/ Science Photo Library; p.23 Gilbert Iundt; Jean-Yves Ruszniewski/TempSport/Corbis; p 24 Dept of Physics, Imperial College/Science Photo Library; p 39 Philippe Plailly/Eurelios/Science Photo Library; p 40 t marcel – Fotolia, b Monkey Business – Fotolia; p 41 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p 43 Ruddy Gold/age fotostock/SuperStock; p 49 Andrew Lambert Photography/ Science Photo Library; p 59 Charles D Winters/Science Photo Library; p 60 nico99 – Fotolia; p. 65 marcaletourneux – Fotolia; p 69 jurra8 – Fotolia; p 71 Stuart Franklin/Getty Images; p 72 bl James King-Holmes/Science Photo Library, br Alfred Pasieka/Science Photo Library; p 75 branex – Fotolia; p 81 Miredi – Fotolia; p 84 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 94 Martyn F Chillmaid/Science Photo Library; p 95 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p 96 Lawrence Migdale/Science Photo Library; p 98 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library (all); p 99 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p 101 tr Martyn F Chillmaid/Science Photo Library, cr macropixel – Fotolia, br Joel Arem/Science Photo Library, bl Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p 105 Javier Trueba/Msf/Science Photo Library; p. 106 l Photographee.eu – Fotolia, r Alfred Pasieka/Science Photo Library; p 108 l Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library, c sciencephotos/Alamy, r Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p 109 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p 112 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library (both); p 114 Martyn F Chillmaid/Science Photo Library; p 116 Christophe Schmid – Fotolia; p 120 Martyn F Chillmaid (both); p 131 Geoff Tompkinson/Science Photo Library; p 143 Saturn Stills/Science Photo Library; p 150 c Mint Images – Tim Robbins/ Science Photo Library, bl Michelle Albers – Fotolia; p 154 Graham Curtis; p 171 michelaubryphoto – Fotolia; p 172 Alvey & Towers Picture Library/Alamy; p 175 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library (all); p 181 Tony Craddock/Science Photo Library; p 183 David R Frazier/Science Photo Library; p 188 Lenscap/Alamy; p 196 Green Stock Media/Alamy; p 198 papa1266 – Fotolia; p. 202 Thomas Trotscher/Getty Images; p 211 Agencja Fotograficzna Caro/Alamy; p 212 Roger Job/ Reporters/Science Photo Library; p 218 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p. 219 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library; p 225 Gareth Price; p 229 Amy Sinisterra/AP/ Press Association Images; p 238 Hodder; p 239 Phil Degginger/Alamy; p 262 tl Clive Freeman, The Royal Institution/Science Photo Library, b Israel Sanchez/epa/Corbis; p 274 bl albinoni – Fotolia, br Santi Rodríguez – Fotolia; p 275 Andrew Lambert Photography/Science Photo Library b = bottom, c = centre, l = left, r = right, t = top Acknowledgement Data used for the mass spectra in Figures 7.4 and 7.6 and for the IR spectra on page 235 come from the SDBS of the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Although every effort has been made to ensure that website addresses are correct at time of going to press, Hodder Education cannot be held responsible for the content of any website mentioned in this book It is sometimes possible to find a relocated web page by typing in the address of the home page for a website in the URL window of your browser Hachette UK’s policy is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products and made from wood grown in sustainable forests The logging and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin Orders: please contact Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4SB Telephone: +44 (0)1235 827720 Fax: +44 (0)1235 400454 Lines are open 9.00a.m.–5.00p.m., Monday to Saturday, with a 24-hour message answering service Visit our website at www.hoddereducation.co.uk © Graham Curtis, Andrew Hunt, Graham Hill 2015 First published in 2015 by Hodder Education, An Hachette UK Company 338 Euston Road London NW1 3BH Impression number 10 Year 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 All rights reserved Apart from any use permitted under UK copyright law, no part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or held within any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited Further details of such licences (for reprographic reproduction) may be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS Cover photo © hoboton – Fotolia Typeset in 11/13 Bembo Std by Aptara, Inc Printed in Italy A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN 978 147 1807466 807466_FM_Edexcel Chemistry_i-vi.indd 08/04/15 9:00 pm Contents Acknowledgements Get the most from this book Introduction ii iv vi Prior knowledge 1 Atomic structure and the periodic table 12 Bonding and structure 38 Redox I 81 Inorganic chemistry and the periodic table 94 Formulae, equations and amounts of substance 119 6.1 Introduction to organic chemistry 150 6.2 Hydrocarbons: alkanes and alkenes 171 6.3 Halogenoalkanes and alcohols 202 Modern analytical techniques I 225 Energetics I 237 Kinetics I 262 10 Equilibrium I 274 Appendix 807466_FM_Edexcel Chemistry_i-vi.indd A1 Mathematics in (AS) chemistry 286 A2 Preparing for the exam 301 Index QR codes The periodic table of elements 307 312 314 07/04/2015 11:46 ... Photo Library; p 18 8 Lenscap/Alamy; p 19 6 Green Stock Media/Alamy; p 19 8 papa1266 – Fotolia; p. 202 Thomas Trotscher/Getty Images; p 211 Agencja Fotograficzna Caro/Alamy; p 212 Roger Job/ Reporters/Science... Inorganic chemistry and the periodic table 94 Formulae, equations and amounts of substance 11 9 6 .1 Introduction to organic chemistry 15 0 6.2 Hydrocarbons: alkanes and alkenes 17 1 6.3 Halogenoalkanes and.. .EDEXCEL A LEVEL CHEMISTRY Graham Curtis Andrew Hunt Graham Hill 807466_FM _Edexcel Chemistry_ i-vi.indd 07/04/2 015 11 :46 Photo credits: p Karina Baumgart – Fotolia; blueskies9 – Fotolia (inset);