Mobile Networks Overview & 2G Standards Comparison

Mobile Networks Overview & 2G Standards Comparison Date All rights reserved © 2000, Alcatel, Paris. Location, Date, page n° 2 Outline  I - Mobile Networks Overview  II - Radio Technologies  III - 2G Standards  IV - GSM Advantages over CDMA All rights reserved © 2000, Alcatel, Paris. Location, Date, page n° 3 Cellular Networks Omni-dire c tional Unidire ctional Se cto re d All rights reserved © 2000, Alcatel, Paris. Location, Date, page n° 4 Cellular Networks History  1 s t Generation: Analog Networks  1979 Chicago AMPS  1981 Sweden NMT  1985 United Kingdom TACS  2 nd Generation: Digital Networks  1992 Europe GSM 900 / GSM 1800  1995 USA IS95 (CDMA)  3 rd Generation: Federative Standards  2000 Europe UMTS  idem USA IMT 2000: EDGE + CDMA2000 All rights reserved © 2000, Alcatel, Paris. Location, Date, page n° 5 Types of Cells for Different Applications Satellite Macro-Cell Micro-Cell Urban In-building Pico-Cell Global Rural All rights reserved © 2000, Alcatel, Paris. Location, Date, page n° 6 Architecture of a GSM Network Network Sub-System (NSS) Base station Sub-System (BSS) MSC/VLR HLR/AuC IN e a s y 0 6 BSC B T S B T S B T S B T S BSC All rights reserved © 2000, Alcatel, Paris. Location, Date, page n° 7 Outline  I - Mobile Networks Overview  II - Radio Technologies  III - 2G Standards  IV - GSM Advantages over CDMA All rights reserved © 2000, Alcatel, Paris. Location, Date, page n° 8 Air Interface Multiple Access Scheme FDMA, TDMA & CDMA Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Time Frequency FDMA Time Frequency TDMA Ch 1 Ch 2 Ch 3 Time Frequency CDMA Code Bandwidth Divis io n into Fre que nc ie s Freque ncy Divis io n into Time S lo ts Ps e udo -Rando m Co de All rights reserved © 2000, Alcatel, Paris. Location, Date, page n° 9 Frequency Division Multiple Access FDMA Frequency Frequency T i m e T i m e Power Power One User One User FDMA FDMA  Each user is assigned a slice of the RF spectrum  Applications  Analog Cellular  AMPS  NMT  TACS  Analog PMR  Analog Satellites Bandwidth Divis ion into Frequencies All rights reserved © 2000, Alcatel, Paris. Location, Date, page n° 10 Time Division Multiple Access TDMA Power Power Frequency Frequency T i m e T i m e U s e r U s e r TDMA TDMA  Users share one RF carrier on a time slot basis  Applications  Digital cellular  GSM,  D-AMPS  Satellite (VSAT) Frequency Divis ion into Time Slots [...]... n° 15 More partygoers = noisier room > “Area of comfortable conversation” (QoS) decreases Outline I - Mobile Networks Overview II - Radio Technologies III - 2G Standards IV - GSM Advantages over CDMA Location, Date, page n° 16 Main 2G standards  GSM TDMA air interface Complete system (Radio Access & Core Network) From Europe but with world-wide success GPRS for High Speed Data  US-TDMA (D-AMPS), IS-136,... Technologies III - 2G Standards IV - GSM Advantages over CDMA Location, Date, page n° 23 GSM Key Advantages over CDMA & TDMA spread e s t wi d he mo T d ardise stand & y hnolog lar tec cellu Le s s Inves tme nt   Cost-efficient equipment & wider scale Future-Proof technology: On the road to 3G: EDGE & UMTS Location, Date, page n° 24 More Revenues  International Roaming  More voice & data services... interfaces & NE’s are specified Multi supplier network capability Location, Date, page n° 21 PSTN PLMN CDMA Architecture OMC-S OMC-R IS95 X.25 X.25 IS634 MSC T1 Mobile handset (no SIM, PIN) 800 MHz 1900 MHz ANSI# 7 T1 BTS IS41 BS C BS S T1 VLR HLR VM SMS C NS S CDMA is a Radio Standard Only 3 interfaces are specified Mono supplier network Location, Date, page n° 22 PSTN PLMN Outline I - Mobile Networks Overview. .. Network From the USA and little export success  PDC J apanese system Location, Date, page n° 17 2G Standards GSM, IS-136 (D-AMPS) & IS-95 (CDMA) PCS 1900 800 MHz 900 MHz 1800 MHz 1900 MHz GSM TDMA IS-136 CDMA IS-136 IS-95 IS-95 Location, Date, page n° 18 Cellular Frequency Spectrum Allocation 800,900, 1800 & 1900 Bands 890 915 935 960 GSM 900 824 849 869 894 AMPS/D-AMPS/CDMA 825 840 855 870 885 900 1850... 1850 1900 1950 2000 MHZ 2G Standards Comparison GS M IS -136 IS -95 Multiple Ac c e s s TDMA TDMA CDMA Care e r S pac ing 200 kHz 30 kHz 1.25 MHz Frame Le ng th 4.615 ms 40 ms 20 ms S lo t / Frame 8 6 1 Max Po s s ible Data Rate 160 Kbit/s NS S GS M-MAP Location, Date, page n° 20 43.2 Kbit/s 115.2 Kbit/s IS -41 GSM Architecture OMC-S OMC-R Air interface (TDMA) X.25 A bis X.25 A E1 Mobile handset (SIM)... Cheaper infrastructure (2.5 less than CDMA) Less sites than CDMA & D-AMPS  Future-Proof technology Internet & Data ready (W@AP, GPRS, E-GPRS) Investment protection for 3G: EDGE & UMTS Transmission reuse in ETSI countries E1 PCM links (CDMA uses T1) Location, Date, page n° 26 GSM Advantages Less Operating Costs Contrary to CDMA, GSM Networks are Stable  CDMA Cell breath Traffic Noise Coverage QoS... Association: 141 countries-450 operators) IN based services available when roaming (via CAMEL) Standardised CDR exchange (TAP3)  More voice & data services GSM Supplementary services: AoC, CUG, CH, COLP, COLR Inte rne t & Data s e rvic e s Ins ide with W@P & GPRS  Voice Quality & Security Location, Date, page n° 32 GSM Key Advantages More Revenues (2/2) SIM Card (Subscriber Identity Module)  Cornerstone of... remains stable Location, Date, page n° 27 Coverage, Capacity & Quality Issues (1/2) GSM Vs CDMA CDMA Capacity over AMPS Capacity Dre am Dre am 40x 20x nP O D-AMPS 3.8x 7x 90’s 80’s er ap Reality CDMA 8.7x Location, Date, page n° 28 00’s  GSM 3.5 ? What for 400 E/Km2 ? Counter arguments Dream/paper vs reality GSM better with SFH Coverage, Capacity & Quality Issues (2/2) GSM Vs CDMA GSM Stable Co ve rag... Revenues  International Roaming  More voice & data services  Voice Quality & Privacy Les s Operating Cos ts  Easier network optimisation  Technology maturity GSM Key Advantages The Major World-wide Standard 304 Mio GSM 304 Mio GSM Subs (03/00) Subs (03/00) CDMA 11%  TDMA 8% GS M 57% Analog 15% GSM fully s tandardis e d BSS, NSS & IN (Camel) BSS-NSS interface (A) PDC 9% ISDN compliant CDR exchanges (TAP3)... facilities: personal phone numbers, short messages Corporate management (FDN…) SIM Toolkit for personal applications  The Key for Security han le t S b le x i -A MP re f Mo A & D C DM Handset free sophisticated Authentication & Ciphering Quasi impossible to clone Location, Date, page n° 33 On the Road from GSM to UMTS UMTS 3G UMTS :: 3G  Up to 2 Mbit/s  Up to 2 Mbit/s   Internet services (R’99) . Mobile Networks Overview & 2G Standards Comparison Date All rights reserved © 2000, Alcatel, Paris. Location, Date, page n° 2 Outline  I - Mobile. Paris. Location, Date, page n° 7 Outline  I - Mobile Networks Overview  II - Radio Technologies  III - 2G Standards  IV - GSM Advantages over CDMA All