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III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi một mệnh đề thành cụm từ) 1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ là một đại từ (Pronoun) + be + adj khi đổi sang cụm từ ta bỏ BE, đổi chủ từ thàn[r]
(1)CLAUSES OF CONCESSION (Mệnh Đề Chỉ Sự Nhượng Bộ)
1 Mệnh đề trạng ngữ nhượng thường giới thiệu bằng: although, though, even though, even if.
Although / Though / Even though / Even + S + V, S + V.
Eg: a) Although / though / Even though / Even if he tried very hard, he couldn’t lift the box up. b) He was lazy He passed the test.
-> Although he was lazy, he passed the test. c) We had a picnic The weather was bad. -> We had a picnic though the weather was bad.
2 Mệnh đề nhượng rút gọn thành cụm từ nhượng giới từ : despite , in spite of
+ noun phrase Despite / In spite of + V.ing
+ the fact that + S + V Eg:
- Despite/Inspite of her sadness, she managed to smiled. - Despite/In spite of being sad, she managed to smile. - We had a picnic in spite of the bad weather.
* Khi hai mệnh đề chủ ngữ ta chuyển mệnh dạng V.ing.
III- THE WAYS OF CHANGING A CLAUSE TO A PHRASE (cách đổi mệnh đề thành cụm từ) 1- Mệnh đề có chủ từ đại từ (Pronoun) + be + adj đổi sang cụm từ ta bỏ BE, đổi chủ từ thành tính từ sở hữu (possessive adj), đổi tính từ thành danh từ.
Ex1: Although he was lazy, he passed the test.
Despite his laziness, he passed the test. Ex2: Though she was poor, she lived a happy life.
Despite her poverty, she lived a happy life.
2- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ danh từ (noun) + be + adj chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ “Be”, đổi chủ từ thành sở hữu cỏch (possessive case), đổi tớnh từ thành danh từ.
Ex: The car didn’t crash though the driver was careless. The car didn’t crash despite the driver’s carelessness. Subject (pronoun) + be + adj
Possessive adj + noun
(2)3- Mệnh đề cú chủ từ + V(ordinary) chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ chủ từ đổi động từ sang dạng V-ing.
Ex: Though he studied hard, he didn’t passed the test. In spite of studying hard, he didn’t passed the test.
4- Mệnh đề cú There be + noun, chuyển sang cụm từ ta bỏ there be.
Ex: Although there were many people there, they couldn’t rescue him. Despite many people there, they couldn’t rescue him.
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete these sentences. 1 _ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it.
A As B Though C Since D Despite
2 He is a very intelligent boy, _he is very lazy
A but B and C or D so
3 _I moved house, I haven’t had much contact with those friends
A though B since C because of D so that 4 Last night we came to the show late _the traffic was terrible.
A although B despite C and D because
5 Lan couldn’t pass the exam _she was too lazy.
A because B because of C although D in spite of
6 _ his broken leg, he didn’t come to class yesterday.
A because B because of C despite D so
7 _there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there.
A despite B in spite of C becacuse of D though
8 _ the weather, we went sailing.
A despite B in spite of C although D A and B
9 _Hudson led early, he lost the race.
A though B although C eventhough D all are correct 10 In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris.
A Eventhough Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris. B Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French.
C Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French. D Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris. 11 Mr Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi.
A Even though taking a taxi, Mr Ba was late for the meeting. B In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr Ba was late for the meeting. C Mr Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi. D Mr Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi. 12 We camt to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy.
A Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time. Subject + V(ordinary)
V-ing
(3)B In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time. C Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time. D Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time. 13 Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.
A Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not. B Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.
C In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert. D Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it. 14 Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car.
A She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes B Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.
C The car is too expensive for her to buy D She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot.
15 Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill. A Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. B In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. C Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill. D Sue stayed up late talking to Jill As a result, she was tired. 16 Even though Trung had a bad cold, he went to the concert.
A In spite of his bad cold, Trung went to the concert. B Trung had a bad cold because he went to the concert. C Trung went to the concert despite having a bad cold. D Trung had a bad cold However, he went to the concert. 17 _it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat.
A In spite B In spite of C However D Although
18 _he wasn’t feeling very well; Mr Graham went to visit his aunt as usual.
A Although B However C Therefore D Still
19 He was offered the job his qualifications were poor.
A despite B in spite of C even though D Whereas 19 we were in town, we often met him
A For B Although C So D When
20 She didn’t get the job she had all the necessary qualifications.
A because B although C so D but
21 I could not eat I was very hungry.
A even though B in spite C despite D in spite the fact that 22 In pite _, the baseball game was not cancelled
A the rain B of the rain C it was raining D there was a rain 23 he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car
A In spite B In spite of C Despite D Although 24 , he walked to the station
A Despite being tired B Although to be tired C In spite being tired D Despite tired
25 The children slept well, despite _.
A it was noise B the noise C of the noise D noisy 26 She left him she still loved him.
A even if B even though C in spite of D despite 27 _ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.
A In spite B Even though C in spite of D despite of 28 _ they are brothers, they not look like.
A Although B Even C Despite D In spite of
(4)A despite B though C as though D but
30 some Japanese women are successful in business, the majority of Japanese companies are run by men
A But B Even if C If D As though
Exercise 2: Combine these sentences using: though, although, even though 1 Lion dancing is very popular in Viet Nam My friend Anny does not enjoy it.
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2 Bob always walks to work He is living in the city.
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3 My house is near the beach I rarely go swimming.
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4 My brother is working in Ha Noi He comes home on every public holiday.
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5 Paul is an Australian, he enjoys Vietnamese New year.
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6 Most children go to see the firework show, Linh and Mai stay home watching TV.
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7 Nick used to smoke He seems to be in good health.
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8 I couldn’t sleep I was tired.
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9 Henry’s friend is a millionaire He hates spending money.
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10 We couldn’t get tickets We queued for an hour.
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Exercise 3: Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses 1 She has plenty of money, but she is very mean (although)
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2 They have a car, but they rarely use it (though)
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3 He was innocent, but he was sent to prison (although)
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4 He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them (even though)
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5 She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy (even though)
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6.The keyboard wasn’t working well She tried to finish the letter (although)
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7.The forecast said it would rain It turned out to be a beautiful day (although)
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8.I’m no better I’ve taken the bill (even though)
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9 The traffic was bad I arrived at the airport on time (though)
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10 I didn’t get the job I had all necessary qualifications (though)
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11 We enjoyed the vacation It rained a lot (although)
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12 She felt sick She went to work (though)
(5)13 I was really tired I couldn’t sleep (even though)
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14 He is very rich He isn’t happy (although)
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15 She couldn’t answer the question She is very intelligent (though)
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16 He tried He was not successful (though)
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17 His life is hard He determined to study well (although)
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18 He was wise and experienced He was not taken in (though)
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Exercise 4: Rewrite the sentences with the word given
1 Although he has a very important job, he isn’t particularly well-paid.
=>In spite of
2 Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph.
=> Despite
3 She wasn’t wearing the coat although it was quite cold.
=>In spite of
4 We thought we’d better invite them to the party although we don’t like them very much. => Despite
5 Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand.
=>In spite of
6 Although the heat was on, the room wasn’t warm.
=> Despite
7 I didn’t recognize her although I’d met her twice before
=>In spite of
8 We’re not very good friends although we’ve known each other a long time.
=> Despite
9 Although Minh was ill, he still came to the meeting.
=>In spite of
10 Although he promised that he wouldn’t be late, he didn’t arrive until o’clock.
=> Despite
11 Although the salary was low, he accepted the job.
=> Despite
12 In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.
=> Though
13 In spite of the bad weather, they went out for dinner.
=> Although
14 In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.
=> Even though
15 In spite of his hard work, Ba he failed his exam.
=> Though
16 In spite of the heavy rain, we decided to go to see the match.
=> Although
17 Although they lost, the home team played very well.
=> Despite
18 Even though it was raining, I still went to school on time.
=>In spite of
(6)=> Despite
20 She isn’t brilliant but she studies quite well.
=> Although
21 The house isn’t nice, but I like the garden.
=> Even though
22 It was raining, but we went out.
=> Though
23 Everyone likes Bob even though he talkative.
=> Even though
24 Though I had an umbrella, I got very wet in the rain.
=> Though
25 We enjoyed the vacation although it rained a lot.
=> In spite of
26 Although she doesn’t earn much money, she spends like a millionaire.
=> Despite
27 Tom will not pass the examination although he studies well.
=> In spite of
28 He is still fat though he has been on a diet for years.
=> In spite of
29 Although his English was good, he wasn’t chosen.
=> However 30 Although Judy was severely disabled, she participated in many sports.
=> Despite 31 It doesn’t matter how hard she tries, she never beat Sue at tennis.
=> However 32 No matter what he says, nobody believes him.
=> Whatever 33 He always woke up early no matter how late he had gone to bed.
=> However 34 Melissa’s father was very busy, but he still played with her.
=> Busy 35 She didn’t eat much though she was hungry.
=>In spite of
36 Although he had much experience in machinery, he didn’t succeed in repairing this machine. => Despite
37 We did the test well though it was difficult.
=>In spite of
38 Although he is strong, I’m not afraid of him.