Joyful Human Rights PENNSYLVANIA STUDIES IN HUMAN RIGHTS Bert B Lockwood, Series Editor A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher Joyful Human Rights William Paul Simmons Foreword by Semere Kesete U N I V E R S I T Y O F P E N N S Y LVA N I A P R E S S PHIL ADELPHIA Copyright © 2019 University of Pennsylvania Press All rights reserved Except for brief quotations used for purposes of review or scholarly citation, none of this book may be reproduced in any form by any means without written permission from the publisher Published by University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4112 www.upenn.edu/pennpress Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A Cataloging-in-Publication record is available from the Library of Congress ISBN 978-0-8122-5101-2 For Mason and Delaney He who binds to himself a joy Does the winged life destroy; But he who kisses the joy as it flies Lives in eternity’s sunrise —William Blake This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Foreword by Semere Kesete ix Preface xi Chapter The Thrill Is Gone Chapter A Phenomenology of Joy as Transgressive Affect 24 Chapter Whither Joy? 59 Chapter Joyful Activists 96 Chapter Joyful Perpetrators 130 Chapter Joyful Martyrs 170 Chapter Human Rights Winners 195 Notes 239 References 249 Index 275 Acknowledgments 289 This page intentionally left blank FOREWORD Semere Kesete I left Eritrea, my country of origin, in 2002, where I had been locked in dehu manizing solitary confinement without legal charge for one year I managed to convince one of my prison guards to plot an escape After five days and nights of an exhausting and dangerous journey on foot, the prison guard and I crossed the Eritrean border to Ethiopia I then made it to Sweden as a refu gee, and received permanent residence status while struggling to overcome the trauma I had endured It was difficult to adjust to a new country, new society, radically different weather, and a new language It was difficult to find any job and have a normal life It was in this particular time that I got in touch with Professor Simmons, who was involved in creating a public art project to protest against the Eritrean regime A few years later I traveled to Arizona, and I was honored to be one of the first graduates of the master’s program of Social Justice and Human Rights that Simmons founded at Arizona State Uni versity In the MA program, I greatly expanded my passion for and knowledge of human rights, especially from a global perspective Ever since, I have been extensively engaged in promoting human rights and social justice If anyone is asked to define human rights, the answer would most proba bly include words such as victim, survivor, oppression, and tyranny To many of us the word “joyful” sounds odd in the realm of human rights That is why I say that Professor William Paul Simmons has come out with a revolutionary book on human rights Looking back, I won both physically and psychologically over the regime that locked me up Now, I embrace myself not as a victim or survivor but as a winner To consider myself as a victim or a survivor feels as if I am still held captive by my oppressor’s long arm Human rights is not merely about victims or survivors, it is also about winners I presume that the problem stems from 276 Index anger: erotics and, 232; Holocaust memoirs and, 16; Lorde’s erotics and, 49–54, 57; mindfulness and, 226–28; rationality and, 66; righteousness and, 202; survivors and, 15 Anglican Church, 65–66, 182; enthusiasm and, 75; superstition and, 74; toleration and, 180 An Intimate History of Killing (Bourke), 146 “An Open Letter to Mohamed Bouazizi” (Sansal), 185 anthems, 108–9 anti-Semitism, 17, 136–38 See also Holocaust apartheid, 78, 93–95, 108, 213; victimization and, 217 Arab Spring, 99, 184; martyrdom and, 20, 171 See also Tahrir Square Arendt, Hannah: clowning and, 160; discussion of Jews by, 247n1; perpetrators and, 19; sinister joy and, 133–39, 166 See also banality of evil Aristophanes, 73 Arizona anti-immigration fervor, Armenians, 78 Arnon, Yehudit, 22, 88 Askew, Anne, 172, 178, 180 assimilation, 220; impacts of joy and, 35–36; post-traumatic growth and, 221 assumptive world, 190, 247n6; clowning and, 116; Congo and, 166; mysticism and, 34; post-traumatic growth and, 220–21; winners and, 233 See also symbolic realm atomic weapons, 79–80 Aurelius, Marcus, 71 Auschwitz, 80, 201; Adorno and, 80–82; books on, 80–81; centrality to human rights of, 14; happiness and, 244n23; Holocaust memoirs and, 16; sinister joy and, 132, 135, 167; survivor syndrome and, 215 See also Arendt; Holocaust authoritarianism, 141–42; certainty and, 154; expert companionship and, 222; sinister joy and, 155 awe: epistemic closure and, 42; impacts of joy and, 35–36; Izard and, 33; Lorde’s erotics and, 46–47; philosophy of rights and, 61; post-traumatic growth and, 221; Shiota and, 227; sinister joy and, 57 Axtell, Brooke Elise, 201, 203–4, 217, 225, 236–37 Badiou, Alain, 28 Baker, Dan, 239n4 Bakhtin, Mikhail, 100, 103, 105–6, 111; authorized transgression and, 147; carnival and, 100–101; sinister joy and, 151 banality of evil, 19; conceptual category of, 245n3; obedience and, 139–42; rethinking of, 136–39; sadism and, 134–36; sinister joy and, 136–39 Baraghani, Fatimah (Táhirih), 173 Barraza, Salvador, 126–27 Basil, Saint, 114 Bataille, Georges: animality and, 157; ecstasy and, 169; erotics and, 100; Erotism: Death and Sensuality, 149; inner experience and, 106; intrusive rumination and, 247n7; law and, 77; Lorde’s erotics and, 46; sinister joy and, 149, 167–68; “The Story of the Eye,” 158 Baumeister and Campbell, 135–36, 159, 245n1 Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, 183 Benga, Ota, 246n5 Benigni, Roberto: Adorno and, 90, 92; audience response to, 83; criticisms of, 84–85, 87–90; Diary of Anne Frank and, 85–86; elision of joy and, 11, 19; 22; humor and, 90–92; poetry after Auschwitz and, 81–82 Benzien, Jeffrey, 211, 247n2 Berlin Wall, 11, 110 Bernini, Gian Lorenzo, 44–45, 147 Bertelsen and Murphie, 29–30 Bey, Hakim, 102 Biko, Stephen, 108 Birkenau, 22 Black Cubans, 54–55 Black freedom festivals, 104 Black Power movement, 108 Blindfold’s Eyes, The (Ortiz), 210 blindness, 22, 195–201, 239n5; enthusiasm and, 63, 67; rationality and, 22 body: Bakhtin and, 106, 111; carnival and, 101; clowning and, 116; extraordinary affect and, 27–29; martyrdom and, 178, 180; sinister joy and, 167; Spinoza on, 55–56; symbolic realm and, 170; torture and, 224; transgression and, 110; victory through medium of, 177 Bogad, L M., 103 Index 277 Bonner, Edmund “Bloody,” 174, 179–80 Book of Common Prayer, 65 Book of Martyrs (Foxe), 174–77, 179–80; religious toleration and, 64 Borromean knots, 42, 241n9 See also jouissance Bouazizi, Mohamed, 22, 171, 182–85; social construction and, 193; symbolic realm and, 190 Bourke, Joanna, 146–48 Braght, Thieleman J van, 176, 180; religious toleration and, 181 Braschi, Nicoletta, 83–84 broaden-and-build theory, 21, 222–23, 228; impacts of joy and, 35; Jacques Lusseyran and, 200 Brooks, Mel, 82 Browning, Christopher, 134, 246n2 Broyles, William, 146, 148 Brudholm, Thomas, 15 Buber, Martin, 34, 105, 196 Buchenwald, 20, 195–201 Buck v Bell (1927), 67 Buddhism, 226–32; martyrdom and, 172–73; mindfulness and, 227, 229; no-self and, 34; winners and, 20 bullying, 133, 143–46, 245n4 Bunyan, John, 242n7, 243n15 Caillois, Roger, 101, 149, 151–52 Calhoun, Lawrence, 219 Calvinism, 98 Cambodia, 150, 158 Cameron, James, 145, 245n5 cannibalism, 158, 167 Caputo, Philip, 148 carnival: activism and, 19; muscular celebration of, 241n9; Nazis and, 153–54; nomadic micropolitics and, 106; Protestant crackdowns of, 243n15; shantytown women and, 212–13; sinister joy and, 151–52; social movements and, 100–105; symbolic realm and, 149 Carnival of Full Enjoyment, 103 Carrillo Rowe, Aimee, 55 Casaldáliga, Pedro, 128 Casper, Monica, 8n3, 232 Catholicism: enthusiasm and, 74, 181; liberation theology, 121–25; martyrdom and, 174, 176; Reformation and, 179; religious toleration and, 66; Rwandan genocide and, 133, 150; superstition and, 68 cauterization, 194, 217 Čelebići prison camp, 132 certainty, 72, 76, 154; authoritarianism and, 154 See also epistemology Chavez, Cesar, 206 Chile, 109; Romo and, 159–60 See also Pinochet Chinese Cultural Revolution, 150 Christianity: clowning and, 114; ecstasy and, 168; enthusiasm and, 181; Hitler and, 153; jouissance and, 38; martyrdom and, 174–77; mindfulness and, 229; mysticism and, 34 Circus Amok, 115 Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, 3–5, 202–3; silencing and, 216 civil rights movement, 19 Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army, 102–3 Clarendon Code (1661–1665), 65 closed-mindedness, 40; impacts of joy and, 36; jouissance and, 39 Clown Bloq, 115 clowning: activism and, 19; affect and, 25–27; Clowns Without Borders and, 117–21; enthusiasm and, 74–76; hospitals and, 116; jestering and, 114–15; joy of the worm and, 239n1; Life is Beautiful and, 90; Rodríguez and, 112; Romero and, 127; significant role of, 22; social movements and, 100–105; symbolic realm and, 39 See also humor; playfulness Clowns Without Borders, 100, 117–21; activism and, 19; assumptive world and, 116 Coatlicue, La (Rodríguez), 112–13 cognitive closure, 36, 42, 240n8 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 69 collective effervescence, 34 collective joy, 98; social movements and, 241n1 Collins, Patricia Hill, 106 Columbus, Christopher, 131 combat joy, 146–48 communitas, 34, 100, 104–5 compassion, 228 concentration camp syndrome See survivor syndrome 278 Index Congo, Anwar, 148, 160–64; confessions of, 159; dancing and, 22; sadism and, 19; sinister joy and, 167 coping, 211–13, 215, 218–20 Counter-Reformation, 171, 174–77, 179–80; martyrdom and, 20, 194 Crenshaw, David A., 234 Critical Trauma Studies, 232; See also Casper, Monica dance/movement theory, 223–25 dancing, 109; Goldman on, 12–14; Holocaust and, 88–89; Lorde and, 13; Romero and, 127; sadism and, 160–64 Dancing in the Streets: A History of Collective Joy (Ehrenreich), 98 de la Cruz, Juana Inés, 113 de Las Casas, Bartolomé, 131–32 Delbo, Charlotte, 239n3 Deleuze, Gilles: extraordinary affect and, 25, 28–29; liberalism and, 61; masochism and, 220; sinister joy and, 167 Delić, Hazim, 132 de Man, Henry, 147 demonic joy, 19, 143, 156–59, 166, 179 See also sinister joy Deng, Jany, 234–36 Dershowitz, Alan, 61, 79, 241n3 Descartes, René, 243n12 Des Pres, Terrence, 86, 195 Diary of Anne Frank (Frank), 85–86 Diderot, Denis, 239n5 Diem, Ngo Dinh, 173 Diogenes the Cynic, 114 disappearances, 22, 78, 210; dancing and, 109; Romero and, 124–25 dissociation, 225–26 Dost, Abdul Rahim Muslim, 107, 201 Douglass, Frederick, 206 dread: enthusiasm and, 62; liberalism and, 93; passions and, 69; religious toleration and, 63–67 Duong, Natalia, 224 Durkheim, Emile, 34, 156 Eagleton, Terry, 102 Eastern Congo, 158 ecstasy: erotics and, 147; martyrdom and, 169; post-traumatic growth and, 221; sinister joy and, 168 “Ecstasy of St Teresa, The” (Bernini), 44–45 Edict of Nantes, 65 ego, 20; extraordinary affect and, 25, 29–30; Four Discourses and, 41–42; I-Thou relation and, 105; jouissance and, 38; mindfulness and, 227; mysticism and, 34 See also self Egypt, 182–85; martyrdom and, 20, 171; symbolic realm and, 190 Ehrenreich, Barbara, 98, 241n1, 243n15 Eichmann in Jerusalem (Arendt), 19; banality of evil and, 245n3; clowning and, 160; obedience and, 140; sinister joy and, 134–39, 166; treatment of Jews in, 247n1 Eitinger, Leo, 214–15, 219 elision of joy, 1–17; academia and, 5–7; content searches and, 7–10; Goldman and, 12–14; iconic human rights moments and, 10–11; Locke and, 18; personal experi ences of, 2–5 El Salvador: Forché and, 217; Romero and, 121–25, 128–29; Romero’s martyrdom and, 125–27 emotion: difference between feeling and affect and, 25–30, 240n1; playfulness and, 97; Plutchik’s wheel of, 32; positive psychology and, 223; social movements and, 98–100; words describing, See also affect theory; elision of joy empirical psychology, 21, 30–32 England: Bill of Rights (1689) and, 66; Civil Wars in, 62, 242n4; martyrdom and, 171, 194; treason trials of 1794 in, 76 enjoyment See happiness; humor; jouissance Enlightenment era, 62; blindness and, 239n5; elision of joy and, 18; Shaftesbury and, 70; toleration and, 242n4 enthusiasm: anti-gravity and, 75–76; Catholicism and, 74; Christianity and, 181; clowning and, 74–75; conception of, 242n5; Four Discourses and, 40; Hume on, 67–70; hyperpresence and, 243n12; impacts of joy and, 35; laws and, 77; liberalism and, 93; Life is Beautiful and, 89; Locke and, 62–63; Locke’s critique of, 66; Lorde’s erotics and, 48; nobility and, 73, 75, 81; rights discourse and, 59–60; Shaftes bury and, 70–75 See also passions epistemology: awe and, 42; certainty and, 72, 76 Eritrea, 201, 203 Index 279 eroticism: Battaile and, 100; sinister joy and, 156 erotics: activism and, 19; anger and, 49–54, 232; animality and, 157; anthems and, 108–9; blindness and, 200; body and, 170; carnival and, 103–4; clowning and, 116; communitas and, 105; elision of joy and, 13; ethical joy and, 71; Lorde and, 46–50; martyrdom and, 171, 178; mindfulness and, 228; Rodríguez and, 111–14; social erotics and, 54–55; social movements and, 105–10; transgressive affect and, 24–25 See also social erotics Erotism: Death and Sensuality (Bataille), 149 Escape from Camp 14 (Harden), 144 Estes, Steve, 206 ethical joy, 70–71 execution procedures, 180 See also martyrdom expert companionship, 222 expressive arts therapy, 222–25; clowning and, 120 Farr, James, 75 Fascism, 83, 89; Italy and, 155 father figure, 39–41, 48, 150, 155–56 Feiler, Dror, 191–92 Felipe, Liliana, 111–13 feminicides, 3–5, 202, 216; femininine, the: jouissance and, 25, 43–45; martyrdom and, 178–79, 187, 189; sublime and, 242n9 festivals See carnival Firestone, Renee, 92, 244n24 Flanzbaum, Hilene, 86, 89 fools, 100–102 See also clowning Forché, Carolyn, 217 forgiveness, 15–17 Foucault, Michel, 61, 77 Four Discourses (Lacan), 39–42 four immeasurables, 227, 230 See also mindfulness Foxe, John, 171, 181, 194; Book of Martyrs, 64, 174–77; influence of, 242n7; subjectifi cation and, 178 Frank, Jason, 69, 74, 76 Frankl, Viktor, 218, 219 Fredrickson, Barbara, 35, 200, 222–23; mindfulness and, 228 See also broaden- and-build theory French Resistance, 20, 197, 199 Freud, Sigmund, 37–39, 240n7 Fromm, Erich, 142, 152, 156, 160 Gabriel, Peter, 22, 108–9 Gandhi, Mohandas K., 195 Garcia, James E., 245n3 Gaynor, Gloria, 22, 88 genocide, 78, 89; demonic joy and, 158; intrusive rumination and, 247n7; obedience and, 141; sinister joy and, 152; transgression of old laws and, 149–51 See also Holocaust; Rwandan genocide Ghonim, Wael, 183 Glover, Clifford, 22, 52–53 God Grew Tired of Us (Quinn and Walker), 11 Goldhagen, Daniel, 139 Goldman, Emma, 12–14, 22 Goldstein, Donna, 213 Good Old Days, The (Klee, Dressen and Riess), 151 Grande, Rutilio, 123, 126 gravity: enthusiasm and, 75–76; humor and, 70–75; solemnity and, 81, 86, 89, 93, 95 Grese, Irma, 132 Grosz, Elizabeth, 18 grotesque, 101, 111, 116 Grotius, Hugo, 180 Guantánamo Prison, 106–7, 171, 201 Guattari, Felix, 29, 61; masochism and, 220 Habayarimana, Juvénal, 150 Hakudo, Nagatomi, 157 Hall, Cheryl, 66, 242n10 Handel, Georg Frederic, 109 happiness: affective forecasting and, 189; Auschwitz and, 244n23; Bhutan’s Gross National Happiness and, 153; limits of, 57; Lorde’s erotics and, 53; positive psychology and, 17; words describing, 9–10, 31–32 Hardy, Thomas, 76 Harris, David, 224 Hass, Aaron: The Aftermath, 215–16, 218 Hatzfeld, Jean, 157 Haukes, Thomas, 177 Hausner, Gideon, 137–38 hedonic treadmill theory, 223 Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 80 280 Index hegemony, 103; affect theory and, 56; laws and, 77; martyrdom and, 178; permissible rupture of, 102; symbolic realms and, 55; transitional justice and, 14 Heinsohn, Gunnar, 150 heroism, 148; Congo and, 160–64; perpetra tors and, 166–67; sadism as, 159–60, 163–66 Herz-Sommer, Alice, 88 Heydrich, Reinhard, 134 Hezbollah, 186 Hier, Marvin, 92 Himmler, Heinrich, 104, 137, 153 Hinton, Alexander Laban, 158 Hitler, Adolph, 43, 92, 247n3; identity and, 142, 152; personification of evil and, 166; sinister joy and, 155 HIV/AIDS, 103, 118, 158 Hobbes, Thomas, 72 Hochschild, Arlie, 10, 98, 188 Hoffman, Abbie, 115 Holmes, Barbara A., 106 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 67 Holocaust: blindness and, 195–201; carnival and, 151–52; denial of, 89–90; elision of joy and, 19; etiquette discussion of, 86, 195; generic survivor experience and, 225; intrusive rumination and, 247n7; Jewish law and, 150; martyrdom and, 172; memoirs of, 15–17; obedience and, 139–41; oral testimony of, 239n3; polyvictimization and, 207; post-Holocaust era and, 79–81; post-traumatic growth and, 220; sinister joy and, 131; spiritual meaning in, 244n21; survivor syndrome and, 210, 214; transcendence and, 243n18; transgression of old laws and, 152–53; Wannsee Conference and, 137–38; winners and, 20 See also Arendt; Auschwitz; Life Is Beautiful (Benigni) homeostasis, 135–136, 233 Honyouti, Brian, 239n5 hooks, bell, 71 Höss, Rudolph, 167 Hours After, The: Letters of Love and Longing in the War’s Aftermath (Klein), 88 Huguenots, 65 human rights paradigm shifts, 21–23 Hume, David, 63, 67–70 humor: enthusiasm checked by, 92; Holocaust and, 86, 90–92; Life is Beautiful and, 82, 90–92; martyrdom and, 125, 181; PTSD and, 213; rights discourse and, 59–60; Romero and, 121–25, 128–29; Sachs on, 94; Shaftesbury and, 70–75 See also clowning Hungarian Jewish deportations, 137–38 Hunt, Lynn, 242n4 hypnotic discourse, 42, 48; jouissance and, 43 hysteric, discourse of the, 40, 42 “I AM a Man” protests, 203–6 identity: activism and, 99; Hitler and, 152; jouissance and, 37, 39; Lorde’s erotics and, 46; martyrdom and, 178; multimodal forms of, 46, 50–51; normalization and, 189; obedience and, 142; post-traumatic growth and, 221; transgressive affect and, 25 See also self Idris, Wafa, 189 Ilibagiza, Immaculée, 6, 199, 229 imaginary realm: Four Discourses and, 42; jouissance and, 37, 43; sinister joy and, 155; totalitarianism and, 92 immigration: Arizona anti-immigrant fervor and, 2, 243n13; migrants in the Arizona desert, 2–5; reform of, 130; sexual violence and, 247n5 Indian Ocean tsunami (2004), 118 Indonesia, 133, 148 See also Oppenheimer, The Act of Killing intensity: affect theory and, 240n1; demonic joy and, 158; phenomenology and, 26–27, 29; ritual and, 212; de Sade and, 240n4 intentionality, 206; feminine jouissance and, 43–45; impacts of joy and, 36; jouissance and, 36, 40; Lorde’s erotics and, 46; non-intentionality and, 43–45 interahamwe, 133 International Criminal Court, 78 International Criminal Tribunals, 78; Rwanda and, 132–33; Yugoslavia and, 132 intifada See Second Intifada Iraq, 182 Irigaray, Luce, 18, 45 Irvine Jr., Weldon, 108 Israel, 186–87; clowning and, 115; suicide bombers and, 191–93 Index 281 Italy, fascism and, 155 I-Thou relationship, 34–35, 47, 105, 196 Ivan the Terrible, 114 Izard, Carroll, 32–35, 47 Jackson, Ralph, 205 Jakob the Liar (Kassovitz), 85 James, William, 213, 244n1 Jaradat, Hanadi, 189–94; abject and, 190–93, 246n6 Jay, Martin, 240n5 Jentz, Terri, 201 Johnson, James Weldon, 107 Joseph, Stephen, 218–19 jouissance: Borromean knot and, 241n9; demonic joy and, 158; erotics and, 106; feminine form of, 43–45; Lacan’s Four Discourses and, 39–42; Levinas and, 122; Lorde’s erotics and, 48; martyrdom and, 190–93; playfulness and, 100; Romero and, 128; sinister joy and, 56, 148–52, 155; theoretical frameworks and, 18; transgres sion and, 36–39 Kant, Immanuel, 57, 61, 241n3; Critique of Judgment, 30 Kaplan, Suzanne, 207 Kaufman, Joshua, 203 kenosis (loss of self), 206; communitas and, 105; impacts of joy and, 35; martyrdom and, 20; mindfulness and, 230; mysticism and, 34; sinister joy and, 57–58 See also self Kertész, Imre, 86, 91, 243n18, 244n23 Kesete, Semere, 201, 203, 215, 219 Khmer Rouge, 150, 158 King Jr., Martin Luther, 107; activism and, 19; “I AM a Man” protests and, 205–6; mountaintop speech of, 128–29; nonvio lence and, 236; pillow fights and, 96–97, 121, 128 King Philip’s War, 182 Klein, Gerda Weissmann, 88, 244n22 klesha (poison), 230–31 Knott Jr., John B., 175–78, 242n7 Kohn, Adolek, 22, 88 Kony 2012 movement, 76 Korman, Jane, 88 Kristeva, Julia, 246n6 Kuhn, Thomas, 21 Lacan, Jacques: body and, 170; Borromean knot and, 241n9; carnival and, 101; father figure and, 48, 150; feminine form of, 43–45; Four Discourses of, 39–42; law and, 77; liberalism and, 61; sinister joy and, 136, 149, 155; transgression and, 36–39; transgressive affect and, 24–25 Lady in Number 6, The: Music Saved My Life (Herz-Sommer), 88 Langer, Lawrence, 15–16, 85, 87, 239n3 Lapsley, Michael, 195, 213 Last Laugh, The (Pearlstein), 91–92 Latimer, Hugh, 181 laws, 77–79; transgression of, 150–51 See also norms Lee, Barbara Schwartz, 247n3 Lemkin, Raphael, 78 Lengyel, Olga, 132 “Letters on Enthusiasm” (Shaftesbury), 72, 74 Levi, Primo, 239n2 Levinas, Emmanuel, 80; enjoyment and, 122–23; the idea of the infinite and, 243n12; the Other, 125 Lewes, Joyce, 64 liberalism: dread and, 242n9; elision of joy and, 13; enthusiasm and, 62, 76; impartial ity and, 66; laws and, 77; passions and, 67; philosophy of rights and, 61–62; rights discourse and, 59–60; stable order of, 68–69 See also Locke, John liberation theology, 123, 128 See also Romero, Oscar Life Is Beautiful (Benigni): Adorno and, 90, 92; audience response to, 83; criticisms of, 84–85, 87–90; elision of joy and, 11, 19; humor and, 90–92; poetry after Auschwitz and, 81–82 “Lift Ev’ry Voice and Sing” (Johnson), 107 lingchi (death by one thousand cuts), 168 Linge, Lotta, 116 Lipman, Steve, 91 Locke, John: elision of joy and, 18; enthusi asm and, 62–63; epistemological certainty and, 72; law and, 77; philosophy of rights and, 61–62; rationality and, 69; religious toleration and, 63–67; rights discourse and, 60; rights of man and, 242n4; Shaftesbury and, 70 See also liberalism Lofland, John, 98 282 Index Look of Silence, The (Oppenheimer), 163 Lorde, Audre: anger and, 49–54; blindness and, 200, 239n5; body and, 170; communitas and, 105; dance/movement therapy and, 224; elision of joy and, 13, 17; erotics and, 46–50; ethical joy and, 71; identity and, 99; martyrdom and, 178; mindfulness and, 228; “Power,” 52–53; Rodríguez and, 113; self-definition and, 237; sinister joy and, 57, 156; social erotics and, 54–55; transgres sion and, 111; transgressive affect and, 24–25; “Who Said It Was Simple,” 51–52; Zami: A New Spelling of My Name, 112 See also erotics loving-kindness, 21, 228–31 Lozowick, Yaacov, 138–39, 247n1 Lusseyran, Jacques, 206, 234; blindness and, 195–201, 239n5; resilience and, 213; silencing and, 216; winners and, 20 lynchings, 144, 245n5 Magic Lantern theater, 115 Man and Pegasus (Milles), 247n4 Mandela, Nelson, 19, 22, 93–94 Mansour, Abdel Rahman, 183 March on Washington (1963), 107 Marcuse, Herbert, 46, 105, 240n7 martyrdom: affective forecasting and, 188–89; affect theory and, 177–80; benefits of public forms of, 243n14; ecstasy and, 169; erotics and, 170–71; examples of, 20; Foxe’s Book of Martyrs and, 174–77; Korean suicide notes and, 246n4; Middle East and, 182–85; Palestine and, 186–87, 190–94; religious toleration and, 63–67; Romero and, 125–27; Shaftesbury and, 74; social construction of, 160, 171–74; toleration and, 180–82; women and, 178–79, 187, 189 Martyrs Mirror (Braght), 176 Marx, Karl, 77, 188 Marxism, 98 Massumi, Brian, 28, 240n1 master, discourse of the, 39–43; feminine jouissance and, 45; sinister joy and, 155 See also Four Discourses Matejko, Jan, 114 Mazel, Zvi, 191 Medellín Conference of 1968, 123–24 meditation, 33, 223, 226–30 See also Buddhism; mindfulness Meister, Robert, 14–15, 21, 81 Mekins, Richard, 180 melancholy, 72–73; haphazardness of facts, 241n3 Menjívar, Cecilia, 207–8 metta See loving-kindness Mexico, 111–14 Middle East, 182–87, 194 Milgram, Stanley, 19, 166; demonic joy and, 156; obedience experiments and, 139–42; sinister joy and, 133–36; taboo and, 147; totalitarianism and, 148 Milles, Carl, 247n4 mindfulness, 121, 226–30 mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), 118, 226 Minuteman militia, Monsor: The Last Journey of Ĩscar Romero (Carrigan and Weber), 127 Mothers of the Plaza de Mayo, 109 mudita (sympathetic joy), 20–21, 226–30 Munzigura, Adalbert, 157 Murrow, Edward R., 80 Mussolini, Benito, 155 My Lai massacre, 131, 148, 158, 207, 211 mysticism, 33–34, 45 See also ecstasy Nanjing, Rape of, 157–58 National Women’s Studies Association (NWSA), 50 Nazi Doctors, The (Lifton), 158 Nazism: carnival and, 151, 153–54; Hanning trial and, 203; martyrdom and, 172; Swing Kids and, 104; torture and, 177; transgres sion of old laws and, 152–53 See also Holocaust Nhất Hạnh, Thích, 230–32 Niederland, William G., 214, 219 Nietzsche, Friedrich, 47, 49, 61, 75, 77, 82; Genealogy of Morals, 245n4 Nikolić, Dragan, 132 noble enthusiasm, 73, 75, 81 nomadic micropolitics, 102, 106 nonattachment, 227 See also mindfulness norms, 13, 37–38, 41, 43, 57, 99; carnival and, 101; demonic joy and, 156–59; jouissance and, 190–91; martyrdom and, 178; pleasure principle and, 152–55; transgres sion and, 111, 150–51 See also laws Nuremberg trials, 167 Index 283 Nussbaum, Martha, 49, 66 Nyiramasuhuko, Pauline, 132 obedience: Milgram and, 139–42; sinister joy and, 135; taboo and, 147 See also authoritarianism objective discourse See university, discourse of the object petit a, 39, 44; formulation of the abject from, 246n6; Four Discourses and, 41–42; Palestinian mothers and, 191 See also abject; surplus Occupy Wall Street movement, 19, 103 Oceanic societies (Caillois), 149, 151–52 Oppenheimer, Joshua, 159, 244n20; The Act of Killing, 160–64; demonic joy and, 158 opponent-process theory, 135–36, 164 oppression, 49–54 See also victimization Orange, James, 97 Orellana, Irma, 127 orgiastic joys, 133 See also sadism; sinister joy Origins of Totalitarianism, The (Arendt), 138 Ormes, Cecily, 176 Ortiz, Dianna, 210 Other, the: affective deviants and, 189; branding and, 217; ego and, 227; feminine jouissance and, 44–45; Four Discourses and, 41; jouissance and, 38–39; Levinas and, 122, 125; Romero and, 128; sinister joy and, 57; victimization and, 158 Ozick, Cynthia, 85 Palestine, 186–87; clowning and, 115; martyrdom and, 171, 194; mothers and, 190–93 See also Second Intifada Pancasila, Pemuda, 163 Paradise Built in Hell (Solnit), 244n1 Parrott,W Gerrod, 32 passions: dread and, 69; elision of joy and, 18; enthusiasm and, 76; human rights abuses and, 59–61; laws and, 77, 79; liberalism and, 67, 93; martyrdom and, 64–66; philosophy of rights and, 61; rights discourse and, 59–60 See also enthusiasm Payne, Leigh A., 159–60 Pearlman, Wendy, 99 Pearlstein, Ferne, 91 Peltrona, Tortell, 117, 120 Pentagon, levitation of, 115 People’s Christmas, The (Volksweihnachten), 153 perpetrators: everydayness of, 134; PTSD and, 211–12; reconciliation and, 14; sadistic, 166–67; sinister joy and, 19; theoretical frameworks and, 18; women and, 132–133, 245n1 See also sinister joy persecution: martyrdom and, 64–66; Shaftesbury and, 74 See also victimization phallic jouissance , 44–45 phenomenological psychology, 18, 223; empirical psychology and, 30–32; extraordinary affect and, 25–28; impact of joy and, 35–36; Izard and, 32–34; jouissance and, 36–39, 42–45; Lacan’s four discourses and, 39–42; Lorde and, 47; theoretical frameworks and, 18; transgres sive affect and, 24–25 philosophy, 61–62 Piaget, Jean, 35, 220 Pinochet, Augusto, 109; Congo and, 159; new symbolic order of, 160; sinister joy and, 133, 150 Piven, Frances Fox, 245n2 Plato, 38, 61, 80 playfulness, 100–105 See also clowning play therapy, 234 pleasure principle: demonic joy and, 156–59; human rights principle and, 43; jouissance and, 37, 43; Lorde’s erotics and, 55; martyrdom and, 181; new symbolic orders and, 152–55; Palestinian mothers and, 190; sinister joy and, 136, 149 poetry, 80–82, 89–90 Poison Peacock mind training, 230 polyvictimization, 20, 30, 207–10 Portillo, Lourdes, positive psychology, 17, 111, 200, 223, 239n4 post-traumatic growth, 30, 211–12, 218–22; anger and, 230–32; broaden-and-build- theory and, 222–23; expressive arts therapy and, 222–25; mindfulness and, 226–30; vicarious form of, 233 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 210–13; diagnosis of, 215; mindfulness and, 229; silencing and, 216; survivor syndrome and, 214; victimization and, 207 potentiality: Bakhtin and, 106; extraordinary affect and, 26–27, 29; jouissance and, 39 Potkay, Adam, 70, 242n5 284 Index poverty: liberation theology and, 121–25; Romero and, 126–28 “Power” (Lorde), 52–53 primary emotions, 32 privilege, 51–53, 190 Promise of a New Spring: The Holocaust and Renewal (Klein), 88 Protestants, 65, 181; carnival and, 243n15 See also Foxe, John Puebla Conference (1979), 124 Quảng Đức, Thích, 173–74 queer theory, 98, 113; clowning and, 115 Don Quixote, 40 Rabelais, Franỗois 100101 radical intimacy, 23637 Ramírez, Lil Milagro, 217 Rancière, Jacques, 202–3 rationality: anger and, 66; blindness and, 239n5; enthusiasm and, 62, 76; extraordi nary affect and, 26, 30; liberalism and, 67, 93; Life is Beautiful and, 82; martyrdom and, 65; philosophy of rights and, 61; rights discourse and, 60; Shaftesbury and, 70–72, 75; stable order of, 69; toleration and, 242n10; totalitarianism and, 91 Rault, Jasmine, 111 Rawls, John, 61 Real, the: feminine jouissance and, 44; formulation of the abject and, 246n6; Four Discourses and, 42; jouissance and, 37, 40; sinister joy and, 155 reconciliation, 14–15, 167 See also transi tional justice Reformation, 171, 174–77, 179–80; martyrdom and, 20, 194 refrains, 29–30 Regard, Jeremy, 200, 234 Reichart, Johann, 173 releasement, 18, 34, 44 remorse, 159, 164–66 Republic, The (Plato), 38 resentment, 15–17; reasonableness of, 241n12 resilience: clowning and, 118, 120; post- traumatic growth and, 218–21; PTSD and, 210–13; winners and, 20 Resistencia Creativa, 113 Restaurant Maxim bombing, 186, 189, 191 Restoration era, 171, 179–80 “Return” (Forché), 217 revelation, 62–63 Richman, Sophia, 225–26 Riefenstahl, Leni, 155 rights discourse, 59–60 See also liberalism rights of man (droits de l’homme), 76, 242n4 Robbins, Brent, 34 Robinson, Jacob, 137 Rodríguez, Jesusa, 111–114, 224; activism and, 19; clowning and, 100 Rogers, Natalie, 224 Roman empire, 74, 181 Romanticism, 153 Romero, Oscar: activism and, 19; enjoyment and, 121–25, 128–29; martyrdom and, 125–27; social movements and, 100 Romo, Osvaldo, 19, 159–60, 167; The Inferno and, 246n6 Rosenberg, Alfred, 155–56 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 77, 242n4 Rubin, Jerry, 115 Ruiz Marrujo, Olivia T., 208 Russell, Bertrand, 130 Rwandan genocide: dancing and, 22; demonic joy and, 156; elision of joy and, 11; forgiveness and, 229; International Criminal Tribunals and, 132–33; norms and, 157; obedience and, 141; polyvictim ization and, 207; sinister joy and, 149–51, 167; transgression of old laws and, 150 Sachs, Albie, 19, 93–95, 217 de Sade, Marquis, 157, 240n4 sadism, 131–33, 143; affect theory and, 148–52; banality of evil and, 136–39; combat joy and, 147; Congo and, 160–64; definition of, 152; heroism and, 159–60, 166; new symbolic orders and, 156–59; obedience and, 139–42; perpetrators and, 19; Romo and, 159–60; sinister joy and, 134–36 See also sinister joy Saeed, Khaled, 171, 182–85, 190, 193 Salverson, Julie, 217 Samaritans/Los Samaritanos, 2–3 Sanctuary Movement, 3–4 Sandoval, Chela, 54, 56 Sansal, Boualem, 185 satisfaction (contentment), 31, 107, 123, 128 Scarry, Elaine, 177, 210 Index 285 schadenfreude, 133, 142–47; Nietzsche and, 245n4 Scheper-Hughes, Nancy, 211, 213; post- traumatic growth and, 218; survivor syndrome and, 214; transcendence and, 213, 221; victimization and, 217; winners and, 20, 217–18 Schindler’s List (Spielberg), 82, 85 Scholl, Hans and Sophie, 172–73 Schopenhauer, Arthur, 143 Scottish Enlightenment, 75 Second Intifada, 171, 186–87; martyrdom and, 20 See also Palestine self: loss of, 157; no-self and, 230, 232; Shaftesbury and, 70–71; sinister joy and, 58, 148 See also identity; subjectivity self-care, 232–33 self-definition, 237 self-immolation, 22, 171, 173, 183 self-making, 54–55 Seneca, 49 sexual violence, 208–10 Shaftesbury, Earl of (Anthony Ashley Cooper): Arizona anti-immigration dissent and, 243n13; awe and, 47; enthusiasm and, 63, 70–75, 242n5; humor and, 92; the infinite and, 243n12; Life is Beautiful and, 82, 89; Lorde’s erotics and, 48; martyrdom and, 181, 243n14; rights discourse and, 59; solemnity and, 93 Shakespeare, William, 102, 114 Shantideva, 231 Shepard, Benjamin, 102–4, 245n2 Shepard, Matthew, 172 Shin Dong-hyuk, 144–45 Shiota, Michelle N., 36, 42, 227 Shipp, Thomas, 145, 245n5 Shoah, 91 Shouse, Eric, 240n1 sightlessness See blindness Sikkink, Kathryn, 78 silencing, 216–18 Simmons, Irene, Simon, John, 84, 86 Simone, Nina, 108 sinister joy: affect theory and, 148–52; banality of evil and, 136–39; Congo and, 160–64; demonic joy and, 156–59; ecstasy and, 168–69; erotics and, 56–58; impacts of joy and, 35; military battle and, 146–48; obedience and, 139–42; perpetrators and, 19, 130–33, 166–67; pleasure principle and, 152–55; Romo and, 159–60; sadism and, 134–36, 164–66; schadenfreude and, 142–46; social movements and, 99; transgressive affect and, 25 See also perpetrators Sköld-Feiler, Gunilla, 191–92 slavery, 68–69, 206; Lost Boys of Sudan and, 235; martyrdom and, 172 See also trafficking smile of joy (bassamat al-farah), 187, 189, 191, 194 Smith, Abram, 145, 245n5 Smith, Robert, 174, 177 Snow White and the Madness of Truth (Feiler and Sköld-Feiler), 191–92 Sobrino, Jon, 123, 125 social constructions, 160, 171–75, 181, 185, 193–94 social erotics, 54–55; activism and, 19; carnival and, 103; Los Angeles barrios and, 241n12; social movements and, 105–10; symbolic realm and, 48; transgression and, 111 See also erotics social movements: carnival and, 100–105; clowning and, 19, 100–105; collective joy and, 241n1; emotion and, 98–100; erotics and, 105–10; King’s pillow fights and, 96–97; martyrdom and, 171–74, 182; Piven on, 245n2 Socrates, 73 Soldatenko, Gabriel, 241n12 solemnity See gravity Solnit, Rebecca, 244n1 Sonnenfeldt, Richard W., 167 South Africa: joy of voting in, 10–11; PTSD and, 212; victimization and, 217 See also apartheid South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 15 Spinoza, Baruch: body and, 55–56; extraordi nary affect and, 25–26, 28–29, 200; Lorde’s erotics and, 47; mindfulness and, 228; post-traumatic growth and, 30; sinister joy and, 167; theoretical frameworks and, 18 Stańczyk of Poland, 114 state power, 77 Steiner, John M., 141–42, 152, 155, 160 Sting, 22, 108–9 Stoicism, 70–71, 103 286 Index Stone, Dan, 140, 153 Strength Through Joy program (Kraft durch Freude, KdF), 153–54 subjectification, 206; empirical psychology and, 32; martyrdom and, 177–78; torture and, 177; winners and, 202–3 subjectivity: gender and, 179; Izard and, 33; well-being and, 31 See also self sublime, the, 57; dread and, 242n9 Sudan, Lost Boys of, 224, 234–36; God Grew Tired of Us and, 11 Suharto regime, 161 See also Act of Killing, The (Oppenheimer) suicide bombers, 171, 186–87; affective deviance and, 191; affective forecasting and, 189; boredom and, 246n3; dancing and, 22; formulation of the abject and, 246n6; martyrdom and, 20, 194 superstition, 68–69, 74 surplus: feminine jouissance and, 44; formulation of the abject and, 246n6; Four Discourses and, 41–42; jouissance and, 40, 43; sinister joy and, 155 See also abject; object petit a survivors: anger and, 15; generic experience of, 225; leadership and, 204; preconcep tions/misconceptions about, 226; winners and, 20 survivor syndrome, 207, 210, 214–16, 218 Suu Kyi, Aung Saan, 110 Swing Kids, 104 symbolic realm: agency and, 178; carnival and, 101; clowning and, 115; communitas and, 105; demonic joy and, 156–59; erotics and, 106; feminine jouissance and, 44–45; formulation of the abject and, 246n6; Four Discourses and, 40–42; hegemonic discourse and, 55; jouissance and, 37–39, 43; Lorde’s erotics and, 48; martyrdom and, 194; new symbolic orders and, 152–55; Palestinian mothers and, 190–91; post-traumatic growth and, 220; rupture of, 181; sinister joy and, 56, 149; taboo and, 157; transgressive affect and, 25 See also assumptive world Syria, 99, 182 taboo, 147–49, 157; demonic joy and, 158; sinister joy and, 166–67 Tahrir Square, 183, 185 See also Arab Spring Teatros de Carpa (tent theaters), 112, 245n3 Tedeschi, Richard, 219, 222, 226 Telesca, Paola, 110 Temporary Autonomous Zones, 102 Teresa, Saint, 44, 55, 147 Tertullian, 181 Thanissara, 230 theater of the oppressed, 217 Tiananmen Square, 181 Till, Emmett, 172, 184 “To Be Young, Gifted and Black” (Irvine Jr and Simone), 108 toleration, 180–82; Enlightenment era and, 242n4; martyrdom and, 63–67, 180–82, 194; rationality and, 242n10 Toleration Act of 1689, 66 Tomkins, Silvan S., 116 torture, 177, 210, 224; Benzien and, 247n2; intrusive rumination and, 247n7 See also sinister joy totalitarianism, 90–91, 148; imaginary realm and, 92; sinister joy and, 136, 138, 155 trafficking, 76, 203–4, 237; images of, 203–4 See also slavery Train de vie (Mihăileanu), 85, 90 transcendence: body and, 170; erotics and, 56; Holocaust and, 243n18; martyrdom and, 194; post-traumatic growth and, 221; PTSD and, 213; self-making and, 54; winners and, 234 transgression: affect theory and, 24–25; anger and, 49–54; Bakhtin and, 106, 147; body and, 110; carnival and, 101; combat joy and, 147; empirical psychology and, 30–32; extraordinary affect and, 25–28; Hurricane Katrina and, 244n1; impact of joy and, 35–36; inherent types of, 101; Izard and, 32–34; jouissance and, 36–39, 42–45; Lacan’s four discourses and, 39–42; Lorde and, 46–50; Lorde’s erotics and, 46, 48–49; martyrdom and, 181; muscular celebration of, 241n9; norms and, 156; pleasure principle and, 149; Rodríguez and, 111–14; sinister joy and, 56–58, 150; social erotics and, 54–55, 111; tristitia and, 29–30 See also sinister joy transitional justice, 14–15 trauma: clowning and, 118; elision of joy and, 12; extraordinary affect and, 28; polyvictimization and, 207; Sachs on, 94; Index 287 transcendence and, 221; transformation into joy of, 247n4; voice therapy and, 193; winners and, 20, 232–34 See also post-traumatic growth; post-traumatic stress disorder; victimization tristitia (dejection, sorrow), 29–30 Truman, Harry S., 80 Trump, Donald, 141 Tunisia, 182–85; martyrdom and, 20, 171 Turner, Edith and Victor, 34, 104–5 See also communitas Tutu, Desmond, 15 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 117 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 22, 242n3 university, discourse of the, 41–42 “Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power” (Lorde), 13, 47 Vajrayana tradition, 230 Vaneigem, Raoul, 105 Viano, Maurizio, 90–91 vicarious post-traumatic growth (VPTG), 233 victimization: Holocaust memoirs and, 17; othering and, 158; polyvictimization and, 207–10; PTSD and, 210–13; silencing and, 216–18; sinister joy and, 58; triumph and, 175; winners and, 20, 201–6 See also persecution Vietnam War, 115, 146, 148; guilt and, 245n2; post-traumatic growth and, 220 violence, multiple forms of, 207–10 voice, 178; pain, language and, 247n8; trauma and, 193 Voltaire (Franỗois-ưMarie Arouet), 77, 242n4, 242n10 Walzer, Michael, 98 Wannsee Conference (1942), 137–38 Waste, Joan, 178, 239n5 Weber, Max, 155, 243n15 Wedgwood, Josiah, 203–4 Weimer, Adrian Chastain, 182 Wheel Weapon mind training, 230–31 White, Rawlins, 176–77 White supremacy, 144 “Who Said It Was Simple” (Lorde), 51–52 Wiesel, Elie, 81–82, 214 Wiesenthal, Simon, 92, 241n2 Williams, Robin, 85 Wilson, Scott, 44, 241n9 winners, 20, 201–6, 232–37 Wood, Amy Louise, 144 Young, Allan, 211–12 Young, Andrew, 96–97 Yousafzai, Malala, 219 Zami: A New Spelling of My Name (Lorde), 112 Zevnik, Andreja, 106 Zimbardo, Philip, 142, 149 Zoellner, Tom, 80 This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In my study of joy and human rights I have come to appreciate my thoughtful and generous interlocutors even more The initial ideas for the project were hatched out of a series of conversations with Devorah Wainer, an innovative human rights scholar and activist at the University of Sydney Todd Landman, a world-class human rights scholar and an esteemed magician, set a model for the importance of maintaining balance in human rights work and for enjoying the good times I am so honored that Semere Kesete agreed to write the Fore word for this volume His story is one of strength, endurance, and joy and is a worthy example for human rights workers and survivors around the globe Brooke Elise Axtell and Jany Deng have taught me so much about joy, growth, and activism, and I’m honored that they have contributed this book’s final words Rhona Smith, Ted Baird, Adele Clarke, Rod Ferguson, Meg Lota Brown, Valerie Miller, Susan Stryker, Michael Stancliff, and Eithne Luibheid offered encouragement when it was most needed Leonard Hammer read the entire manuscript and offered insightful suggestions and joyful conversations Other colleagues at the University of Arizona, have taught me a great deal about affect and emotions theoretically, in the classroom, and in university life Numerous scholars and activists offered insightful suggestions and en couragement including Amy Bartholemew, Marla Conrad, Sol Neely, Randy LeBlanc, Jonathan Faulkner, Todd Myers, Inken Heldt, and Anita Weiss This work was in part inspired by the camaraderie of many human rights practi tioners, including a special group of social justice and human rights students, who took their salsa dancing as seriously as their studies, though I wish their selections for movie nights had not been so grave A group of activists fighting for human rights in Eritrea surrounding Libby Walker, who always seemed to keep humor and joy close amid tragedy, set a wonderful example of love and kindness It has been a joy and a great learning experience to work with The Lost Boys Center for Leadership and Development in Phoenix, ably led by 290 Acknowledgments Kuol Awan The courageous and thoughtful folks at the Sex Workers Outreach Project in Tucson inspired me with their activism and fellowship Many thanks to a young nun at Tyburn Convent in London who provided an infor mative and, dare I say, enjoyable tour of the relics from the Catholic martyrs of the Restoration in England Alan Regenstreif served as a trusted guide as I wallowed through Lacanian theory, though Lacan’s writings still trigger my migraines Two anonymous reviews for the University of Pennsylvania Press provided excellent commentary on my draft manuscript and suggested a number of improvements and other sources for me to consider Peter Agree, editor in chief at Penn, showed great faith in this work at an early stage and deftly guided it to completion I owe my greatest thanks to my life partner Monica J Casper for support ing this work since its inception For years, Monica has questioned the one- sidedness of human rights; that of dwelling on abuses, the fetishization of victimization and victims, and the dour demeanor of some human rights workers, including me She has been a wonderful wellspring of joy: a joyful Tigger to my often soggy and sad Eeyore Finally, to all those whose inspirational stories I relate here, thank you for setting such indelible examples of how to live (and die) in such distressful circumstances Thank you all I remain solely at fault to the extent that this joy does not translate into the written text ... Death 124,000 Joy and Human Rights Joyful Human Rights 52 Joy of Torture 99,500 Genocide and Human Rights 8,500,000 Joy of Sex3 2,380,000 Joy of Insanity 16,200 Trauma and Human Rights 5,530,000 Joy... that human rights victories and human rights pioneers have played in advancing human rights For example, the 1990s are often remembered, especially in human rights classes, as a decade of grave human. . .Joyful Human Rights PENNSYLVANIA STUDIES IN HUMAN RIGHTS Bert B Lockwood, Series Editor A complete list of books in the series is available from the publisher Joyful Human Rights William