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Chemistry GLOBAL EDITION GLOBAL EDITION The Central Science Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Chemistry The Central Science For these Global Editions, the editorial team at Pearson has collaborated with educators across the world to address a wide range of subjects and requirements, equipping students with the best possible learning tools This Global Edition preserves the cutting-edge approach and pedagogy of the original, but also features alterations, customization, and adaptation from the United States version Theodore L Brown H Eugene LeMay, Jr Bruce E Bursten Catherine J Murphy Patrick M Woodward Matthew W Stoltzfus Fourteenth Edition in SI Units Brown • LeMay Bursten • Murphy Woodward • Stoltzfus GLOBAL EDITION This is a special edition of an established title widely used by colleges and universities throughout the world Pearson published this exclusive edition for the benefit of students outside the United States If you purchased this book within the United States, you should be aware that it has been imported without the approval of the Publisher or Author Pearson Global Edition Brown_14_1292221224_Final.indd 22/06/17 10:56 AM Brown_14_1292221224_ifc_ibc_Final.indd 4 Be 9.012182 12 Mg 24.3050 20 Ca 40.078 38 Sr 87.62 56 Ba 137.327 88 Ra [226.03] Li 6.941 11 Na 22.989770 19 K 39.0983 37 Rb 85.4678 55 Cs 132.90545 87 Fr [223.02] 47.867 40 Zr 91.224 72 Hf 178.49 104 Rf [261.11] 44.955910 39 Y 88.90585 71 Lu 174.967 103 Lr [262.11] [227.03] 95.94 74 W 183.84 106 Sg [266.12] 59 Pr 92.90638 73 Ta 180.9479 105 Db [262.11] 58 Ce 26 Fe 44 Ru 101.07 76 Os 190.23 108 Hs [269.13] 61 Pm [145] 93 Np 43 Tc [98] 75 Re 186.207 107 Bh [264.12] 60 Nd 144.24 92 U 232.0381 231.03588 238.02891 [237.05] 91 Pa 140.116 140.90765 42 Mo 90 Th 7B 25 Mn Transition metals Metalloids 51.9961 54.938049 55.845 6B 24 Cr 41 Nb 50.9415 5B 23 V Metals 10 28 Ni 64 Gd 157.25 96 Cm [247.07] [281.15] 63 Eu 151.964 95 Am [243.06] [268.14] [244.06] 94 Pu 150.36 62 Sm [272.15] 110 Ds 111 Rg 195.078 196.96655 79 Au 107.8682 106.42 78 Pt 47 Ag 46 Pd 63.546 1B 11 29 Cu 109 Mt 192.217 77 Ir 102.90550 45 Rh 58.933200 58.6934 8B 27 Co Nonmetals 69.723 49 In 114.818 81 Tl 204.3833 113 [284] 66 Dy 162.50 98 Cf [251.08] 65.39 48 Cd 112.411 80 Hg 200.59 112 Cn [285] 65 Tb 158.92534 97 Bk [247.07] 15 P 14.0067 5A 15 N F O 53 I 127.60 121.760 117 ** [294] 70 Yb 116 Lv [293] 69 Tm 68 Er [252.08] 99 Es 101 Md [258.10] 100 Fm [257.10] [259.10] 102 No 173.04 [209.99] [208.98] 208.98038 85 At 84 Po 83 Bi [288] 54 Xe 83.80 36 Kr 39.948 18 Ar [294] 118 [222.02] 86 Rn 126.90447 131.293 79.904 52 Te 74.92160 78.96 35 Br 51 Sb 35.453 34 Se 17 Cl 32.065 16 S 33 As 115 10 Ne 4.002602 8A 18 He 15.9994 18.998403 20.1797 7A 17 6A 16 164.93032 167.259 168.93421 67 Ho [289.2] 114 Fl 207.2 82 Pb 118.710 50 Sn 72.64 32 Ge 26.981538 28.0855 30.973761 31 Ga 14 Si 2B 12 30 Zn 12.0107 13 Al 4A 14 C 10.811 B 3A 13 Main Group Representative Elements labels on top (1A, 2A, etc.) are common American usage The labels below these (1, 2, etc.) are those recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Except for elements 114 and 116, the names and symbols for elements above 113 have not yet been decided Atomic weights in brackets are the names of the longest-lived or most important isotope of radioactive elements Further information is available at http://www.webelements.com ** Discovered in 2010, element 117 is currently under review by IUPAC a The Actinide series 89 Ac 138.9055 57 La 4B 22 Ti 3B 21 Sc Lanthanide series 2A 1.00794 1Aa 1 H Main Group Representative Elements PeriodicTable Table of of the the Elements Periodic Elements Useful Conversion Factors and Relationships Length Energy (derived) SI unit: meter (m) km = 0.62137 mi mi = 5280 ft = 1.6093 km m = 1.0936 yd in = 2.54 cm (exactly) cm = 0.39370 in Å = 10-10 m SI unit: Joule (J) SI unit: kilogram (kg) kg = lb = = amu = 1J = = = cal = l eV = Mass 2.2046 lb 453.59 g 16 oz 1.660538921 * 10-27 kg Temperature SI unit: Pascal (Pa) Pa = = atm = = = bar = torr = SI unit: Kelvin (K) K = -273.15 °C = -459.67 °F K = °C + 273.15 °C = -95 (°F - 32°) °F = -59 °C + 32° kg-m2/s2 0.2390 cal 1C-V 4.184 J 1.602 * 10-19 J Pressure (derived) N/m2 kg/m-s2 1.01325 * 105 Pa 760 torr 14.70 lb/in2 105 Pa mm Hg Volume (derived) SI unit: cubic meter (m3) L = 10-3 m3 = dm3 = 103 cm3 = 1.0567 qt gal = qt = 3.7854 L cm3 = mL in3 = 16.4 cm3 Color Chart for Common Elements Generic metal Ag Silver Au Gold Br Bromine C Carbon Ca Calcium Cl Chlorine Cu Copper F Fluorine H Hydrogen I Iodine K Potassium Mg Magnesium N Nitrogen Na Sodium O Oxygen P Phosphorus S Sulfur Si Silicon 04/07/17 9:23 PM A01_BROW1229_14_GE_FM.indd 05/09/17 10:53 AM Dy Es Er Eu Fm Fl F Fr Gd Ga Ge Au Dysprosium Einsteinium Erbium Europium Fermium Flerovium Fluorine Francium Gadolinium Gallium Germanium Gold 79 32 31 64 87 114 100 63 68 99 66 105 110 96 29 112 27 24 58 196.966569 72.64 69.723 157.25 223.02a 18.9984016 289.2a 257.10a 151.964 167.259 252.08a 162.50 268.1a 281.2a 247.07a 63.546 285.2a 58.933194 51.9961 35.453 132.905452 140.116 12.0107 251.08a 40.078 112.414 79.904 10.81 270.1a 208.98038 9.012183 247.07a 137.327 209.99a 74.92160 39.948 121.760 243.06a 26.981538 227.03a Atomic Weight Mass of longest-lived or most important isotope a Ds Cm Curium Db Cu Copper Darmstadtium Cn Copernicium Dubnium Co Cobalt 17 Cl Cr Chlorine Cs Cesium Chromium 55 Ce Cerium 98 Cf C Californium 20 48 35 107 83 97 56 85 Carbon Ca Bh Bohrium Calcium Bi Bismuth Cd Be Beryllium Cadmium Bk Berkelium B Ba Barium Br At Boron 33 As Arsenic Astatine Bromine 18 Ar Argon 51 95 Am Sb Americium Antimony 13 89 Ac Al Actinium Atomic Number Symbol Aluminum Element Potassium Polonium Plutonium Platinum Phosphorus Palladium Oxygen Osmium Oganesson Nobelium Nitrogen Niobium Nihonium Nickel Neptunium Neon Neodymium Moscovium Molybdenum Mercury Mendelevium Meitnerium Manganese Magnesium Lutetium Livermorium Lithium Lead Lawrencium Lanthanum Krypton Iron Iridium Iodine Indium Hydrogen Holmium Helium Hassium Hafnium Element K Po Pu Pt P Pd O Os Og No N Nb Nh Ni Np Ne Nd Mc Mo Hg Md Mt Mn Mg Lu Lv Li Pb Lr La Kr Fe Ir I In H Ho He Hs Hf Symbol 19 84 94 78 15 46 76 118 102 41 113 28 93 10 60 115 42 80 101 109 25 12 71 116 82 103 57 36 26 77 53 49 67 108 72 Atomic Number 39.0983 208.98a 244.06a 195.078 30.973762 106.42 15.9994 190.23 294.2a 259.10a 14.0067 92.90637 286.2a 58.6934 237.05a 20.1797 144.24 289.2a 95.95 200.59 258.10a 278.2a 54.938044 24.3050 174.967 293a 6.941 207.2 262.11a 138.9055 83.80 55.845 192.217 126.90447 114.818 1.00794 164.93033 4.002602a 269.1a 178.49 Atomic Weight Zirconium Zinc Yttrium Ytterbium Xenon Vanadium Uranium Tungsten Titanium Tin Thulium Thorium Thallium Terbium Tennessine Tellurium Technetium Tantalum Sulfur Strontium Sodium Silver Silicon Selenium Seaborgium Scandium Samarium Rutherfordium Ruthenium Rubidium Roentgenium Rhodium Rhenium Radon Radium Protactinium Promethium Praseodymium Element Zr Zn Y Yb Xe V U W Ti Sn Tm Th Tl Tb Ts Te Tc Ta S Sr Na Ag Si Se Sg Sc Sm Rf Ru Rb Rg Rh Re Rn Ra Pa Pm Pr Symbol 40 30 39 70 54 23 92 74 22 50 69 90 81 65 117 52 43 73 16 38 11 47 14 34 106 21 62 104 44 37 111 45 75 86 88 91 61 59 Atomic Number List of Elements with Their Symbols and Atomic Weights 91.224 65.39 88.90584 173.04 131.293 50.9415 238.02891 183.84 47.867 118.710 168.93422 232.0377 204.3833 158.92534 293.2a 127.60 98a 180.9479 32.065 87.62 22.989770 107.8682 28.0855 78.97 269.1a 44.955908 150.36 267.1a 101.07 85.4678 282.2a 102.90550 186.207a 222.02a 226.03a 231.03588 145a 140.90766 Atomic Weight This page intentionally left blank 561590_MILL_MICRO_FM_ppi-xxvi.indd 24/11/14 5:26 PM chemistry T HE C E NTR A L S C I E NC E TH E D I T I O N I N S I U N I T S A01_BROW1229_14_GE_FM.indd 05/09/17 10:53 AM A01_BROW1229_14_GE_FM.indd 05/09/17 10:53 AM chemistry T H E C EN TR AL SCIEN CE TH E D I T I O N I N S I U N I T S Theodore L Brown University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign H Eugene LeMay, Jr University of Nevada, Reno Bruce E Bursten Worcester Polytechnic Institute Catherine J Murphy University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Patrick M Woodward The Ohio State University Matthew W Stoltzfus The Ohio State University With contributions by Michael W Lufaso University of North Florida A01_BROW1229_14_GE_FM.indd 05/09/17 10:53 AM Director, Courseware Portfolio Management: Jeanne Zalesky Courseware Portfolio Manager: Chris Hess Acquisitions Editor, Global Edition: Sourabh Maheshwari Courseware Director, Content Development: Jennifer Hart Courseware Analyst: Matthew Walker Managing Producer, Science: Kristen Flathman Content Producer, Science: Beth Sweeten Assistant Project Editor, Global Edition: Sulagna Dasgupta Rich Media Content Producers: Jackie Jakob, Lauren Layn, and Margaret Trombley Media Production Manager, Global Edition: Vikram Kumar Production Management and Composition: Cenveo® Publisher Services Design Manager: Mark Ong Interior Designer: Jeff Puda Cover Designer: Lumina Datamatics Cover Photo: ixpert/Shutterstock Illustrators: Lachina Publishing Services Manager, Rights & Permissions: Ben Ferrini Photo Research Project Manager: Cenveo Publisher Services Senior Procurement Specialist: Maura Zaldivar-Garcia Senior Manufacturing Controller, Production, Global Edition: Kay Holman Product Marketing Manager: Elizabeth Bell Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within the text Pearson Education Limited KAO Two KAO Park Harlow CM17 9NA United Kingdom and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsonglobaleditions.com © Pearson Education Limited 2018 The rights of Theodore L Brown, H Eugene LeMay, Bruce E Bursten, Catherine J Murphy, Patrick M Woodward, Matthew W Stoltzfus to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled Chemistry: The Central Science, 14e, ISBN 978-0-13-441423-2, by Theodore L Brown, H Eugene LeMay, Bruce E Bursten, Catherine J Murphy, Patrick M Woodward, Matthew W Stoltzfus, published by Pearson Education © 2018 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC 1N 8TS All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners ISBN 10: 1-292-22122-4 ISBN 13: 978-1-292-22122-9 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 10 Typeset by Cenveo Publisher Services Printed and bound in Malaysia A01_BROW1229_14_GE_FM.indd 05/09/17 10:53 AM To our students, whose enthusiasm and curiosity have often inspired us, and whose questions and suggestions have sometimes taught us A01_BROW1229_14_GE_FM.indd 05/09/17 10:53 AM This page intentionally left blank 561590_MILL_MICRO_FM_ppi-xxvi.indd 24/11/14 5:26 PM ... 2A Metals 322 Group 1A: The Alkali Metals 322 Group 2A: The Alkaline Earth Metals 326 7.8 Trends for Selected Nonmetals 327 Hydrogen 327 Group 6A: The Oxygen Group 328 Group 7A: The Halogens 329... 20 Electrochemistry 892 21 Nuclear Chemistry? ? 944 22 Chemistry of the Nonmetals 986 23 Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry? ? 1030 24 The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry? ? 1074... mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright