CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com San Francisco • Paris • Düsseldorf • Soest • London CCNA ™ Cisco ® Certified Network Associate Study Guide Second Edition Todd Lammle www.sybex.com Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA Associate Publisher: Neil Edde Contracts and Licensing Manager: Kristine O’Callaghan Acquisitions & Developmental Editor: Linda Lee Editors: Susan Berge, Sally Engelfried, Rebecca Rider, and Marilyn Smith Production Editor: Lisa Duran Technical Editors: Patrick Ramseier and Eric Gunnett Book Designer: Bill Gibson Graphic Illustrator: Tony Jonick Electronic Publishing Specialist: Maureen Forys, Happenstance Type-O-Rama Proofreaders: Molly Glover, Jennifer Campbell, Laurie O’Connell, and Camera Obscura Indexer: Matthew Spence CD Coordinator: Kara Schwartz CD Technician: Keith McNeil Cover Designer: Archer Design Cover Photographer: Tony Stone SYBEX and the SYBEX logo are trademarks of SYBEX Inc. in the USA and other countries. 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Please observe the requirements stated in appropriate files. Copy Protection The Software in whole or in part may or may not be copy-pro- tected or encrypted. However, in all cases, reselling or redistrib- uting these files without authorization is expressly forbidden except as specifically provided for by the Owner(s) therein. Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com This book is dedicated to all the Cisco Academy instructors, the unsung heroes of the training industry. They work very hard, are extremely dedicated, and make little money teaching. Their reward is the students progressing, learning, and becoming all they can be. I salute you. Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Acknowledgments C reating the Acknowledgments is the most difficult part of the book- writing process. Without the help and support of many different individuals, this book, or any other book for that matter, would never be written. So, how can someone actually take a few paragraphs and thank and acknowl- edge everyone involved? I will give it a try anyway. The person I want to thank and acknowledge first is Linda Lee. She is an incredible developmental editor and really helped me develop this book’s outline. I am very happy that she was involved in the process. She worked hard on this book, and the reader now gets to reap the rewards of her labor. Neil Edde is always a shoo-in for appearing in the acknowledgments of all my books. Without Neil, I would not have written the first CCNA book, or even my first Sybex book. He was my first developmental editor, and Linda needs to thank him for working out most of my kinks before he pushed me over to her. Susan Berge and Lisa Duran did a great job of keeping up with the sched- ule and worked very hard with me to get this book shipped on time. For that, I thank them. Kudos to Patrick Ramseier and Eric Gunnett, who did a fab- ulous job of reviewing each chapter for technical accuracy. Thanks also to Sally Engelfried, Marilyn Smith, and Rebecca Rider for assisting with the editing of the chapters, and to Molly Glover, Jennifer Campbell, Laurie O’Connell, and Camera Obscura for proofreading the book. In addition, Maureen Forys deserves a thank you for putting the finishing touches on the book. And I don’t want to forget Tony Jonick. He is the artist who had to put up with my changing the figures in this book over and over again. He is very patient and does a fantastic job. Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Introduction W elcome to the exciting world of Cisco certification! You have picked up this book because you want something better; namely, a better job with more satisfaction. Rest assured that you have made a good decision. Cisco certification can help you get your first networking job, or more money and a promotion if you are already in the field. Cisco certification can also improve your understanding of the internet- working of more than just Cisco products: You will develop a complete understanding of networking and how different network topologies work together to form a network. This is beneficial to every networking job and is the reason Cisco certification is in such high demand, even at companies with few Cisco devices. Cisco is the king of routing and switching, the Microsoft of the internet- working world. The new Cisco certifications reach beyond the popular certifications, such as the MCSE and CNE, to provide you with an indispens- able factor in understanding today’s network—insight into the Cisco world of internetworking. By deciding that you want to become Cisco certified, you are saying that you want to be the best—the best at routing and the best at switching. This book can lead you in that direction. Cisco—A Brief History A lot of readers may already be familiar with Cisco and what they do. How- ever, those of you who are new to the field, just coming in fresh from your MCSE, and those of you who maybe have 10 or more years in the field but wish to brush up on the new technology may appreciate a little background on Cisco. In the early 1980s, Len and Sandy Bosack, a married couple who worked in different computer departments at Stanford University, were having trouble getting their individual systems to communicate (like many married people). So in their living room they created a gateway server that made it easier for their disparate computers in two different departments to commu- nicate using the IP protocol. In 1984, they founded cisco Systems (notice the small c ) with a small commercial gateway server product that changed net- working forever. Some people think the name was intended to be San Fran- cisco Systems but the paper got ripped on the way to the incorporation Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com xxiv Introduction lawyers—who knows? In 1992, the company name was changed to Cisco Systems, Inc. The first product the company marketed was called the Advanced Gate- way Server (AGS). Then came the Mid-Range Gateway Server (MGS), the Compact Gateway Server (CGS), the Integrated Gateway Server (IGS), and the AGS+. Cisco calls these “the old alphabet soup products.” In 1993, Cisco came out with the amazing 4000 router and then created the even more amazing 7000, 2000, and 3000 series routers. These are still around and evolving (almost daily, it seems). Cisco has since become an unrivaled worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Its networking solutions can easily connect users who work from diverse devices on disparate networks. Cisco products make it simple for people to access and transfer information without regard to differences in time, place, or platform. In the big picture, Cisco provides end-to-end networking solutions that customers can use to build an efficient, unified information infrastructure of their own or to connect to someone else’s. This is an important piece in the Internet/networking–industry puzzle because a common architecture that delivers consistent network services to all users is now a functional imperative. Because Cisco Systems offers such a broad range of networking and Internet services and capabilities, users needing regular access to their local network or the Internet can do so unhindered, making Cisco’s wares indispensable. Cisco answers this need with a wide range of hardware products that form information networks using the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) software. This software provides network services, paving the way for networked technical support and professional services to maintain and opti- mize all network operations. Along with the Cisco IOS, one of the services Cisco created to help sup- port the vast amount of hardware it has engineered is the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) program, which was designed specifically to equip people to effectively manage the vast quantity of installed Cisco net- works. The business plan is simple: If you want to sell more Cisco equipment and have more Cisco networks installed, ensure that the networks you install run properly. However, having a fabulous product line isn’t all it takes to guarantee the huge success that Cisco enjoys—lots of companies with great products are now defunct. If you have complicated products designed to solve compli- cated problems, you need knowledgeable people who are fully capable of Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com Introduction xxv installing, managing, and troubleshooting them. That part isn’t easy, so Cisco began the CCIE program to equip people to support these complicated networks. This program, known colloquially as the Doctorate of Network- ing, has also been very successful, primarily due to its extreme difficulty. Cisco continuously monitors the program, changing it as it sees fit, to make sure that it remains pertinent and accurately reflects the demands of today’s internetworking business environments. Building upon the highly successful CCIE program, Cisco Career Certifi- cations permit you to become certified at various levels of technical profi- ciency, spanning the disciplines of network design and support. So, whether you’re beginning a career, changing careers, securing your present position, or seeking to refine and promote your position, this is the book for you! Cisco’s Network Support Certifications Cisco has created new certifications that will help you get the coveted CCIE, as well as aid prospective employers in measuring skill levels. Before these new certifications, you took only one test and were then faced with the lab, which made it difficult to succeed. With these new certifications, which add a better approach to preparing for that almighty lab, Cisco has opened doors that few were allowed through before. So, what are these new certifications and how do they help you get your CCIE? Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) 2 The CCNA certification is the first in the new line of Cisco certifications, and it is a precursor to all current Cisco certifications. With the new certification programs, Cisco has created a type of stepping-stone approach to CCIE cer- tification. Now, you can become a Cisco Certified Network Associate for the meager cost of this book , plus $100 for the test. And you don’t have to stop there—you can choose to continue with your studies and achieve a higher certification, called the Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP). Someone with a CCNP has all the skills and knowledge he or she needs to attempt the CCIE lab. However, because no textbook can take the place of practical experience, we’ll discuss what else you need to be ready for the CCIE lab shortly. Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com xxvi Introduction Why Become a CCNA? Cisco, not unlike Microsoft or Novell, has created the certification process to give administrators a set of skills and to equip prospective employers with a way to measure skills or match certain criteria. Becoming a CCNA can be the initial step of a successful journey toward a new, highly rewarding, and sustainable career. The CCNA program was created to provide a solid introduction not only to the Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) and Cisco hardware, but also to internetworking in general, making it helpful to you in areas that are not exclusively Cisco’s. At this point in the certification process, it’s not unrealistic to imagine that future network managers—even those without Cisco equipment—could easily require Cisco certifications for their job applicants. If you make it through the CCNA and are still interested in Cisco and internetworking, you’re headed down a path to certain success. What Skills Do You Need to Become a CCNA? To meet the CCNA certification skill level, you must be able to understand or do the following: Install, configure, and operate simple-routed LAN, routed WAN, and switched LAN and LANE networks. Understand and be able to configure IP, IGRP, IPX, serial, AppleTalk, Frame Relay, IP RIP, VLANs, IPX RIP, Ethernet, and access lists. Install and/or configure a network. Optimize WAN through Internet-access solutions that reduce band- width and WAN costs, using features such as filtering with access lists, bandwidth on demand (BOD), and dial-on-demand routing (DDR). Provide remote access by integrating dial-up connectivity with tradi- tional, remote LAN-to-LAN access, as well as supporting the higher levels of performance required for new applications such as Internet commerce, multimedia, etc. How Do You Become a CCNA? The first step to becoming a CCNA is to pass one little test and—poof!— you’re a CCNA. (Don’t you wish it were that easy?) True, it’s just one test, Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com [...]... for the CCNA exam CiscoTests (http://www.networkstudyguides.com) offers an online study guide with sample questions and information about the most current release of the CCNA, CCNP, and CCIE exams For the best practice Cisco exam questions on the market, try www.boson.com Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com xxviii Introduction Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) Cisco Certified. .. Always check the Cisco Web site for the most up-to-date information (www .cisco. com) Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) You’ve become a CCNP, and now you fix your sights on getting your Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert CCIE in Routing and Switching—what do you do next? Cisco recommends that before you take the lab, you take test 640-025: Cisco Internetwork Design (CID) and the Cisco- authorized... ATM LANE networks Cisco Certified Design Associate (CCDA) To become a CCDA, you must pass the DCN (Designing Cisco Networks) exam (640-441) To pass this test, you must understand how to do the following: Design simple routed LAN, routed WAN, and switched LAN and ATM LANE networks Use Network- layer addressing Filter with access lists Use and propagate VLAN Size networks The Sybex CCDA: Cisco Certified. .. networks Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com xxxii Introduction Cisco s Network Design Certifications In addition to the network support certifications, Cisco has created another certification track for network designers The two certifications within this track are the Cisco Certified Design Associate and Cisco Certified Design Professional certifications If you’re reaching for the CCIE... become CCNA certified However, taking the time to study and practice with routers or a router simulator is the real key to success The information you will learn in this book, and need to know for the CCNA exam, is listed in the following bullet points: Chapter 1 introduces you to internetworking You will learn the basics of the Open Systems Interconnection the way Cisco wants you to learn it Also, the Cisco. .. you’ll be more than prepared for the exam CCNA Study Guide in PDF Sybex offers the CCNA Study Guide in PDF format on the CD so you can read the book on your PC or laptop This will be helpful to readers who travel and don’t want to carry a book, as well as to readers who prefer to read from their computer (Acrobat Reader 4 is also included on the CD.) Dictionary of Networking in PDF As a bonus, you get... that is destined for an unknown network? A Forwards the packet B Drops the packet C Holds the packet till the next route update D Sends a broadcast for the unknown network 38 Which part is the network and which part is the node of the address 7c8.0001.00c8.1234? A network: 7c8.0001, node: 00c8.1234 B network: 7c8, node: 0001.00c8.1234 C network: 0001.00c8.1234, node: 7c8 D network: 7c8.0001.00c8, node:... Size networks The Sybex CCDA: Cisco Certified Design Associate Study Guide (1999) is the most cost-effective way to study for and pass your CCDA exam Cisco Certified Design Professional (CCDP) If you’re already a CCNP and want to get your CCDP, you can simply take the CID 640-025 test If you’re not yet a CCNP, however, you must take the CCDA, CCNA, Routing, Switching, Remote Access, and CID exams CCDP... (www.klscorp.com) offers the popular Cisco video certification series featuring me If you are new to networking, you should take a look at CCNA JumpStart by Patrick Ciccarelli and Christina Faulkner (Sybex, 1999) This book will give you the background necessary before jumping into more advanced networking with Cisco routers Check out this book’s CD for a demo of the Sybex CCNA Virtual Lab etrainer, which... you the understanding of IPX you need to pass the CCNA exam Chapter 9 covers access lists, which are created on routers to filter the network Both IP and IPX access lists are covered in detail Written and hands-on labs, along with review questions, will help you study for the access-list portion of the CCNA exam Chapter 10 concentrates on Cisco Wide Area Network protocols This chapter covers HDLC, PPP, . CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA www.sybex.com San Francisco • Paris • Düsseldorf. London CCNA ™ Cisco ® Certified Network Associate Study Guide Second Edition Todd Lammle www.sybex.com Copyright ©2000 SYBEX , Inc., Alameda, CA Associate