- Lượng từ là một hoặc một tổ hợp từ chỉ số lượng, được sử dụng với các danh từ, động từ, cấu trúc và ngữ cảnh nhất định.. - Lượng từ là một trong những nội dung quan trọng, thường được [r]
(1)KỸ NĂNG LÀM ĐỀ THI THPT QUỐC GIA 2020 MÔN ANH
LƯỢNG TỪ - QUANTIFIERS
- Lượng từ một tổ hợp từ số lượng, sử dụng với danh từ, động từ, cấu trúc ngữ cảnh định
- Lượng từ nội dung quan trọng, thường sử dụng đề kiểm tra, thường gây khó khăn cho người học tiếng Anh
- Việc sử dụng lượng từ cho ngữ cảnh thường người học dùng biện pháp dịch nghĩa sang ngôn ngữ xứ nên dễ dẫn đến sai, lượng từ có ngun tắc sử dụng - Dưới tổng hợp lượng từ cách sử dụng chúng Nội dung không
phục vụ h ọ c tiếng Anh thơng dụng mà cịn sử dụng thường xun đề thi Đại học
A LÝ THUYẾT
I LƯỢNG TỪ (TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG) 1 Từ số lượng với danh từ số nhiều: a Some/ any: vài
I want to buy some new pencils - Tôi muốn mua vài bút chì mới.
There aren’t any chairs in the room - Khơng có ghế phịng cả. b Many: nhiều
There aren't many people living here - Khơng có nhiều người sống đây. c A large number of: số lượng lớn/ nhiều
He has a large number of English books - Anh ta có số sách tiếng Anh. d A great number of: số lượng lớn/ nhiều
A great number of students said they were forced to practice the piano - Rất nhiều học sinh bảo họ bị ép phải luyện piano.
e Plenty of: nhiều (plenty to V/ plenty of N/Ns) There were plenty of berries - Có nhiều trái mâm xơi. f A lot of/ lots of: nhiều
(2)Few people can say that they always tell the truth - Rất người nói họ ln ln nói thật.
We've got a little bacon and a few eggs - Chúng tơi có thịt xơng khói vài quả trứng.
h Several: vài
I've checked it several times - Tơi kiểm tra vài lần rồi. 2 Từ số lượng với danh từ đếm số :
a Every: mỗi/ mọi I go for walk every morning - Tôi sáng b Each: Each day seems to pass very slowly - Mỗi ngày dường trôi qua chậm. 3 Từ số lượng với danh từ không đếm :
a Some/ any: chút/
Would you like some beer? - Bạn có muốn uống bia khơng? We haven’t got any butter - Chúng tơi khơng có tí bơ nào. b Much: nhiều
Does the newspaper have much information? - Tờ báo có nhiều thơng tin không?
c A large amount of: nhiều/số lượng lớn
He borrowed a large amount of money - Anh ta mượn số tiền lớn. d A great deal of: nhiều/rất nhiều
A dishwasher uses a great deal of electricity - Máy rửa bát sử dụng nhiều điện.
e Plenty of: nhiều/rất nhiều
I have plenty of food - Tơi có nhiều thức ăn. f A lot of/ Lots of: nhiều/rất nhiều
We need a lot of/lots of time to learn a foreign language - Chúng ta cần nhiều thời gian để học ngoại ngữ.
g Little/ a Little: chút/ ít
There is little sugar in my coffee - Có đường cà phê Let’s go and have a drink We have got a little time before the train leaves - Hãy nhậu thơi Chúng ta cịn thời gian trước tàu rời bánh.
(3)- some: dùng câu khẳng định, câu yêu cầu, lời mời, lời đề nghị. - any: dùng câu phủ định, nghi vấn
- many, much dùng câu khảng định số lượng very, too, so, as
- a lot of, plenty of, a great number of, lots of … dùng câu khẳng định - few, little: (ít, khơng nhiều): thường có nghĩa phủ định, khơng đủ để dùng, sau
very/rather
- a few/ a little: (một vài, ít): thường có nghĩa khẳng định, đủ để dùng, sau just/
only/quite.
II ĐỘNG TỪ SỬ DỤNG SAU TỪ CHỈ SỐ LƯỢNG
a Số thập phân, phân số, đo lường + động từ số (chia với chủ
ngữ ngơi số ít)
Three quarters of a ton is too much - Ba phần tư nhiều.
b All, some, plenty + of + danh từ số + động từ số (chia với chủ
ngữ ngơi số ít)
Some of the milk was sour - Một sữa bị chua.
c Half, part, a lot + of + danh từ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều
A lot of my friends want to emigrate - Nhiều người bạn muốn di cư.
d No + danh từ số + động từ số (chia với chủ ngữ ngơi số ít) No
student has finished their assignment - Khơng có học sinh hoàn thành tập.
e No + danh từ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều (chia với chủ ngữ
3 số nhiều)
No
people think alike - Khơng có người nghĩ giống nhau. f A number of + danh từ số nhiều + động từ số nhiều
A number of countries are overproducing goods - Một số nước sản xuất thừa hàng hóa.
g The number of + danh từ số nhiều + động từ số ít
The number of visitors increases rapidly - Lượng du khách tăng nhanh chóng
(4)Choose the best answer to complete each sentence
Question 01 There wasn't _ snow last night
A many B much C few D a large number of
Question 02 _ the students in my class enjoy taking part in social activities
A Most of B Most C Many D The number of
Question 03 He's always busy He has _ time to relax
A much B little C a little D plenty of
Question 04 She put so _ salt in the soup that she couldn't have it It was too salty
A many B little C much D a little
Question 05 He made too _ mistakes in his writing
A a few B much C many D a number of
Question 06 How _ students are there in your class?
A little B few C much D many
Question 07 I feel sorry for her She has _ friends
A many B a few C few D a great deal of
Question 08 I spent _ my spare time gardening last year
A most of B most C many of D a large number of
Question 09 He doesn't have so _ friends as I think
A much B a great deal of C many D a large number of
Question 10 There was so _ traffic that it took me an hour to get home
A a lot of B little C much D many
Question 11 Learning a language needs _ patience
A a few B much C many D little
Question 12 _ the shops in the city center close at 5.30
A Many B Much of C Some D Most of
Question 13 We had a boring holiday _ the time we lay on the beach
A Most B Much C Most of D Many of
Question 14 With only _ hope, Harry didn't know how to keep going another day
A little B a little C few D a few
Question 15 How _ money have you got?
A many B much C a lot of D a great deal of
(5)A little B much C many D a lot of Question 17 I think _ you are very tired after your long journey
A many B much C many of D much of
Question 18 We didn't take _ photographs when we were on holiday
A much B a lot of C many of D a great deal of
Question 19 There isn't _ shampoo in the bathroom
A any B some C little D few
Question 20 Would you like _ tea?
A some B many C a few D any
Question 21 He had so _ things to
A many B a lot of C much D little
Question 22 The mixture looks rather dry Maybe you should add _ water
A a few B few C a little D little
Question 23 We're having a big party We've invited _ friends
A a lot of B much C many of D no
Question 24 Could I try _ wine?
A a little B a few C little D Few
Question 24 Could I try _ wine?
A a little B a few C little D Few
Question 26 _ my students are familiar with this kind of school activities
A Most B Most of C A few D few
Question 27 He had spent _ time writing an essay about his childhood A a large number ofB a great deal of C a few D many Question 28 Peter has spent _ time and money on stamp collecting
A a few of B many of C a great deal of D a large number of Question 28 Peter has spent _ time and money on stamp collecting
A a few of B many of C a great deal of D a large number of Question 30 How _ furniture you think there is?
A many B much C few D a lot of
Question 31 Why don't you take a break? Would you like _ coffee?
A few B some C many D much
(6)A too many B too much C few of D a large number of Question 33 Give me _ examples, please!
A a few B a little C few D little
Question 34 Is there _ water in the glass?
A any B some C many D lots of
Question 35 Peter doesn't want _ to
A something B anything C nothing D everything
Question 36 Can you speak French? - Yes, _
A a few B few C a little D little
Question 37 Thank you very _ for your help
A many B much C a lot of D little
Question 38 He is very rich He has _ money in the bank
A a great deal of B many C a large number ofD few
Question 39 She put too _ sugar in the coffee It became so sweet that I couldn't drink it
A many B much C few D little
Question 40 I have got _ homework to
A many B few C a lot of D a large number of
Question 41 She has talked too _
A much B many C few D a great deal
Question 42 He made very _ mistakes
A much B many C little D a number of
Question 43 They know _ about what to
A many B few C little D the number of
Question 44 _ children are ill-prepared for employment
A Much B Most C A little D Most of
Question 45 Would you like _ champagne to drink?
A some B few C a few D many
Question 46 When I studied Shakespeare, I thought his plays were _ boring
A many B much C few D a few
Question 47 _ of the students are good today
(7)Question 48 There were too _ different nationalities in my class and we had to speak English
A a lot of B much C some D many
Question 49 I don't know _ about English literature
A many B much C a few D little
Question 50 At the beginning, everybody spoke English very quickly, and I couldn't understand _, but now things are easier
A much B many C a great deal of D a lot of
Keys: 01 B 06 D 11 B 16 B 21 A 26 B 31 B 36 C
41 A 46 B
02 A 07 C 12 D 17 C 22 C 27 B 32 B 37 B
42 B 47 A
03 B 08 A 13 C 18 B 23 A 28 C 33 A 38 A
43 C 48 D
04 C 09 C 14 A 19 A 24 A 29 C 34 A 39 B
44 B 49 B
05 C 10 C 15 B 20 A 25 A 30 B 35 B 40 C
45 A 50 A
học tiếng Anh