THE EFFECTS OF READING ENGLISH NOVELS ON THE READING SKILL OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT SOPHISTERS, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY

THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY ENGLISH DEPARTMENT GRADUATION PAPER THE EFFECTS OF READING ENGLISH NOVELS ON THE READING SKILL OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT SOPHISTERS, THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY Supervisor: Han Thi Bich Ngoc, M.A Student: Do Ha Mi Class: K52N6 Student’s code: 16D170379 HA NOI - 2020 ABSTRACT International integration has become more and more intensive than ever through time, which requires a surge in development and advancement in science, language, and culture With English as the Language of International Communication, people have been given various opportunities to succeed and progress in work In four basic skills, reading skill is very important to develop the knowledge and other elements for English skill, especially speaking and writing skill Through the open and diverse sources of books and novels, the chances to improve a reading skill is becoming more convenient than ever Apprehending the benefits through novel reading could result in the right solution to enhance and solve the difficulties in the reading skill as well as creating motivation for students to passively study Therefore this study was to identify the effects of English novel reading on the reading skill of Thuongmai University English Department sophisters The study was conducted by tools of survey questionnaires The participant was asked to completed the survey related to reading comprehension Hanoi - 2020 skills, which revealed the second-year English major attitudes towards reading English novels, some obstacles they’re facing, and solutions for their reading skill Through the research, it is hoped that the learners will find the excitement as well as the cons in reading English novels, so that they could have the right application in improving reading as well as the motivation to keep reading as a conventional habit HÀ NỘI - 2016 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The success and outcome of this graduation paper required a lot of guidance and assistance from many people and I am extremely privileged to have got this all along with the completion of my project All that I have done is only due to such supervision and assistance and I would not forget to thank them First of all, I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor – Ms.Han Thi Bich Ngoc, M.A, the English teacher of the English Department, who has always been willing to give me valuable advice and suggestions so that I can complete successfully this study I also would like to take this opportunity to show my sincere thanks to all my teachers in the English Department at Thuongmai University, who have handed me basic knowledge to complete this study I am so thankful to students of K53N at the English Department for their whole – heart participation in the study I would like to acknowledge my thanks to all the authors of the books, magazines, and the other materials listed in the reference part for their ideas that have been reflected and developed in the study I am equally indebted to my classmates for their suggestions and encouragement in the process of my study Last but not least, my particular thanks are given to my parents for their encouragement and support which played an important role in my graduation paper TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGMENT .ii TABLE OF CONTENT .iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES vi CHAPTER ONE: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY .1 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Previous study 1.3 Aims of the study 1.4 Research subject 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Research methodology 1.7 Organization of the study .5 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW .6 2.1 Overview of Reading skill 2.1.1 Definition of Reading 2.1.2 Definition of the Reading skill 2.1.3 The process of Reading skill .8 2.1.4 Reading comprehension .9 2.1.5 Kinds of Reading .10 2.2 Overview of English novel 12 2.2.1 Definition 12 2.2.2 Effects of reading English novel on reading skill 12 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH FINDINGS 16 3.1 Participant of the research 16 3.2 Data collection instruments 16 3.2.1 The survey questionnaire 16 3.3.2 The interview .16 3.3 Procedures of data collection .17 3.4 Procedures of data analysis 18 3.4.1 Students’ current English learning situation 18 3.4.2 Students’ perspective in reading skill and evaluation of their reading level 19 3.4.3 Students’ habit of reading English novel and reading frequency 23 3.4.4 Students’ opinion and attitude towards English novel .24 3.4.5 The obstacles in reading English novel 26 3.4.6 Students’ frequency in self-reading activities 27 3.4.7 Activities for improving reading English novel .28 3.4.8 Results from the interview 30 CHAPTER FOUR: RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 32 4.1 Summary of the effects of reading English novel .32 4.1.1 English novel on the interest and concentration of the students 32 4.1.2 English novel on the vocabulary of the students .32 4.1.3 English novel on the knowledge of the student 32 4.2 Suggestion to improve English novel reading experience effectively 33 4.2.1 Highlight – look up and note down 33 4.2.2 Re-read and search for the information in the novel 33 4.2.3 Listen to music while reading 33 4.2.4 Read as much as possible 34 4.3 Limitations of the study .34 4.4 Recommendation for further studies 35 CONCLUSION 37 REFERENCES 38 APPENDICES I LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS       TMU: Thuongmai University ED: English Department ESL: English as a Second Language PISA: The Program for International Student Assessment OECD: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ERS: English Reading Skill LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Figure Definition of reading (David Nunan Practical English Language Teaching 2003 p 72) Chart Length of time in studying English .19 Chart Opinions in obtain and achieve ERS .20 Chart Students comprehension ability through different types of reading materials .21 Table Students comprehension ability through different types of reading materials (%) 22 Chart Student’s reading habit 23 Chart Frequency of students’ English novel reading 24 Chart Students’ opinion towards English novel 25 Table Students’ frequency in encountering novel reading problems 26 Chart Student’s frequency of the activities in reading 27 Table 3.Students’ opinion in the activities while reading 29 CHAPTER ONE: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.1 Rationale In daily life, people have many ways to study and improve our English skills, through music, movies, and the Internet or with the people they have interacted with and so on However, it is believed that people tend to be attracted and remember things longer through stories It has been told since the beginning of time and has been the main form of education since then Therefore, making reading a habit is very important to develop reading skills and one of the great sources that cannot be forgotten is the English novel The author would like to present the thesis title “The effects of English novel reading on the reading skill of the Thuongmai University English Department sophomores” for several reasons: Primarily, reading skill has been considered as the most significant skill based on the confirmation of employers in 12 industries Due to international integration, most of the large company has multilateral, and bilateral cooperation with foreigners The frequency and the amount of English used in international publications, contracts and instruction have become immense Because of that characteristic, reading skill is vital The author wanted to put research to help students acknowledge the importance of reading skills in practical Secondly, reading books and novels is a great way to study Besides textbooks and theories, students could have more options and variety of sources of the English novel It is a very sophisticated subject which teaches among other things, not only helps students to have an external perspective but also teaches them valuable lessons through allegories and metaphors Students could familiarize themselves with the jargon and new words through reading the English novel also Finally yet importantly, after years studying in ED at TMU, the author realized many second-year students in English major have difficulties in reading English They can read with some degree of proficiency but are still unable to understand what they are reading Many of them haven’t fully exploited the materials in reading books and its advantages to improve their skill as well as their knowledge They are eager with reading long texts and books, which could be the problem with ineffective and wrong ways of reading and choosing novel which is not suitable for their level With the main motive to help the second year student realize the benefits, have more motivation to explore the world of English novel and methods to improve their reading habit actively, the author would like to conduct this study to identify the factors and effects of reading English novel on the reading skill 1.2 Previous study On account of English as a Second Language (ESL), there have been some studies about the importance of reading skills as well as the significance of English novel, or English books in general According to Cencage (2019), through a survey poll, there are 69% of employers are looking to hire people with “soft” skills, like the ability to communicate effectively Reading books is the best way to increase peoples’ exposure to new words, learned in context Researchers from the National Institutes of Health have found that students who read books regularly, beginning at a young age, gradually develop large vocabularies And vocabulary size can influence many areas of your life, from scores on standardized tests to college admissions and job opportunities A study on reading literary fiction in both print and electronic media involving young Swedish adults (Nilsson, 2016) found that reading fiction is beneficial to readers In particular, the participants in the Nilsson study believed that reading fiction was important for self-awareness and personal development, including language skills in general “There has been rather less research on how reading different text types—for instance, the frequency with which young people read fiction books compared to non‐fiction books—is associated with young people's reading skills” (McGeown et al., 2015; Sullivan, 2015) The recent work of Wolf (2018) raises the issue that ‘deep reading’ (such as being very engaged with a fiction book) has started to decline in the digital era Yet she claims that such deep reading is likely to be linked to young people's ability to concentrate for prolonged periods of time and their ability to maintain focus Hence, a ‘fiction effect’ might well emerge because it requires young people to concentrate and read deeply, encouraging meaningful thought and reflection upon what they are reading, rather than just superficially gathering information by skimming through shorter texts There is some evidence that stories have a particular role in enhancing social cognition (Mar, 2018) and from this point of view fiction texts may be particularly effective in engaging young readers in developing ‘a clear, complete, and integrated representation of the meaning of a text’ (Oakhill et al., 2015) Novels can also play a part in developing young people's social networks as ‘good reads’ are shared amongst friendship groups (Moss, 2007) The discussion above clearly illustrates that there are strong theoretical reasons why one would suspect that reading certain types of text may be more important for the development of young people's reading skills than others Besides other reading materials (magazines, newspapers, ), the novel is a splendid source for students who study English as a second language in a nonnative setting and wanted to improve their reading skills In general, it is vital to conduct a research on “The effects of reading English novel on the reading skill of English Department sophisters, Thuongmai University” 1.3 Aims of the study The purpose of the study is to identify:  The current reading English novel frequency of second-year English major students  The reading comprehension level of students in reading the novel  The benefits that student gained through novel reading and the difficulties faced with reading English novel To achieve this purpose, the author tends to seek answers to these questions:  What is the real situation of reading English novel for the second year English major students at TMU?  What problems students face in reading and understanding the novel and content to improve?  What methods to improve effective reading and reading comprehension? CHAPTER FOUR: RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 4.1 Summary of the effects of reading English novel 4.1.1 English novel on the interest and concentration of the students From all of the analyzed results above, it indicates that in general, the English novels does have an impact on the interest and hobbies of the students Due to its entertainment and literacy factor, most of the students choose to read English novels Because the English proficiency of the respondents are quite efficient, the choice for reading materials is much wider and more varied It’s easy for students to not only enjoy the content of the novel but also can learn from it effortlessly Without the need of pushing from the outside factors, the students will unconsciously be reading without reluctance or eager and the reading will be more effective And in time, they will develop a good reading habit, the more they read, the more they will enhance and strengthen their reading skill without knowing 4.1.2 English novel on the vocabulary of the students According to the study, a majority of the respondents have the same opinions that English novels giving them an immense amount of words and vocabulary English novel itself accommodates a vast quantity of lexicon and different sentence structures From reading and slowly digest the content, seeing the words and idioms frequently will make the students remember it longer and get used to the complexity of the writing style as well as building a habit to adapt reading long texts and paragraphs 4.1.3 English novel on the knowledge of the student Because a novel is a description of a chain to events which includes a cast of characters, setting, and an ending which meant to tell a story, it could range from various genres (from historical, science fiction to contemporary fiction, ) With the extensive amount of content factors being held within one English novel, the students will unintentionally be focused and gained more information as they are curious to read and explore more Overall, the results show that students obtain more knowledge and further comprehension skill when they read the English novel 31 4.2 Suggestion to improve English novel reading experience effectively From the completing research for the effects of English novel reading on the reading skill of the second-year English major students in TMU, the researcher see that it is also a vital issue to give out some methods to improve student reading experience in English novels Based on the facts and figures, several practices are being suggested to enhance the students’ ERS 4.2.1 Highlight – look up and note down In sequence from the results of the data collection, we can see that the most frequent problem that student approaches is the new words, idioms, and slangs Therefore, highlight the unknown words could let students organize what they have read and easier for them to review it later Look up and note down the information is also something very important, through writing it down and get to know the meaning of the words, the student can remember it longer Also, with the acknowledgment of the words, idioms that they have encountered before, every time they read a book, study materials, or other reading materials and they tumble on the words, they will know and remember it Another thing is, it does not limit in just new words or idioms, a good quote, paragraph is also a good selection to add to the note 4.2.2 Re-read and search for the information in the novel Not many students use these methods while they are reading, based on the results of the study given But, the benefits which this activity does increase the reading comprehension of the students significantly Through these methods, the students can review again the information, the new words as well as the interesting factors which they have come across and highlighted while reading the book And also, they could find some insights and some other point of view which they haven’t thought about in the first read to have a further understanding of the novel 4.2.3 Listen to music while reading Through the analyzed statistic and figures, many students claimed that this method does improve their reading skill It is because, high concentration and focus while reading is very important, students easily get distracted by noises from the 32 outer and inferior environment, because of that, listening to music while reading will not only minimize subvocalization but may also help concentrate better Having said that, not all types of music are going to use for concentration It is suggested that students should avoid listening to music with lyrics or anything with a strong beat because this type of music could be distracting while reading Something is instrumental, classical music for example usually gave high effectiveness and results for the reading experience 4.2.4 Read as much as possible This suggestion sounds not very persuasive time consuming to some of the students but nothing is better than practice When students interact with reading materials frequently (English novel for example), they will adapt to the language, and then finds out a way to better reading by themselves However, choosing the right materials to read is also very essential, find something that suits personal interest and proficiency level is always better than dive in right away with a lengthy book with complex content Reading is a fun experience, with the right way to approach, students could find the motivation and excitement in reading English novels and other reading materials in general Even so, students themselves have to acknowledge this factor and accept that to be proficient in some aspect requires dedication and effort 4.3 Limitations of the study The study has certain strong points such as collection methods, namely interviews, survey questionnaires for students Due to limited time, lack of sources, and the complex situation of the Covid19 epidemic which leads to the long term quarantine along with the limitation of the researcher’s ability and other unexpected factors, it is obvious that the study has got several short-comings First of all, due to the limited time, experience, and social isolation, the researcher could not conduct other methods such as actual observation or interviews in the TMU school library which can make the obtained results more reliable 33 Secondly, due to the limitation of the scope of the study, the researcher only focuses on second-year students in the ED which account for a small number of students at ED, TMU Therefore, the result of the study can’t be generalized Besides, the researcher could not cover all the effects which English novel could bring specifically to ERS Also, the techniques suggested in this research are selected from different reliable but limited sources Despite the mentioned limitations, I hope that this exploratory research will contribute to the better acknowledgment in the significant effects of the English novel towards reading skills as well as the reading comprehension skill at English Faculty, TMU 4.4 Recommendation for further studies Based on the results of the research findings, there are some aspects which this study cannot fully cover Consequently, to obtain better study research in the future and avoiding unwanted mistakes as well as the shortcomings, there are some suggestions are given by the researcher: Because of the extent for reading comprehension is very large, for the next research, the questions for the survey should be a combination of open and closed questions The ideas from those array of questions have to cover all of the vast aspects and characteristics of the English novel Through an adequate amount of good questions, it will be easier to analyze and evaluate the effects of the novel on the reading skill of the student as well as the students’ attitudes towards English novels Another thing is, the topic of the research has to be broad enough to get further materials and related researches with the aims to support the previous study sector on the rationale and the theory from the literature review Choosing a wider scope of the study, not just focus specifically on “English novel” would be a lot more simple and effortless For more detailed and fully constructed background of resources to promote ideas for the next study, this factor is very important 34 There also some limitations in this study which is needed to be mention in this section for the future researchers to learn from and be able to bypass the coming problems which could probably happen: The limited length of time paired with the complicated situation of the Covid19 epidemic which has been happening during the past few months (from December 2019 to April 2020 and is still going on) have constrained the possibility for deeper data collection and other methods applied to the study with more participants What needs to be focused on is the amount of data and figures that can be obtained for the analysis and calculation At first, the researcher tends to decrease the number of participant due to the inefficient amount of students doesn’t match the requirements of the study beginning standard Luckily, the researcher managed to reach the average answers for the data collection It is recommended, the next study at the time ahead should conduct the research with a broader amount of students, not only limited in the students from the second year ED alone The number of interviewees should consist more than people for further reliability and authenticity of the study, apart from the survey questionnaire Other possible methods are also encouraged to be applied for a more professionalized data and statistic of the research The difference between E-books and printed books could have a distinctive impact on the reading skill of the students Accordingly, future researchers can examine the effect of E-books on the reading habits and attitude, comprehension self-awareness, reading comprehension, and reading attitude Factors affecting variables can be investigated through studies at different levels of students Considering everything, despite the imperfection and faults caused by the limitations from different factors, the research has been completed under the guidance of the supervisor and self-effort For further study in the future, the contributed reviews and recommendation, as well as the contrary opinions, is highly encouraged and appreciated 35 CONCLUSION The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of reading English novels on the reading skill of Thuongmai University English Department sophomores To achieve this, the researcher has set out some aims to support the final idea and through that draw out some of the conclusions from the research study Those points include the real situation and frequency of students while reading English novel, the problems they faced and the methods to improve the reading experience Through the results, quite many students reach English novels, with the frequency stops at “sometimes” The students come across some difficulties which are the new words, lack of motivation to read, and the unsuitable level of the novel which caused them to feel hard and lengthy to read One of the key findings is that the amount of student who thinks English novels is fascinating is quite significant, their attitudes and opinions towards this kind of reading material are somewhat positive Because the struggles that students have in English novel is quite abundant, the researchers have also given out some suggestions in order to enhance students reading skill as well In general, the students have hobbies of reading English novels, their perspective towards it is very optimistic From the study results, it could be assumed that English novel does have effects on students’ reading skill, specifically on their own thoughts, concentration, vocabulary, and knowledge With the completion of the study, it is hoped that this research could help the students in ED, TMU acknowledge more about the importance of English novel as well as its cons to utilize the benefits and develop a good reading habit in time 36 REFERENCES Cain K, Oakhill J (2011) “Matthew effects in young readers: reading comprehension and reading experience aid vocabulary development” D E Rumelhart and A Ortony (1977) “Schooling and the Acquisition of Knowledge” R C Anderson, R J Spiro, and W E Montague, Eds Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum D E Rumelhart (1977) “Basic Processes in Reading: Perception and Comprehension”, D LaBerge and S J Samuels, Eds Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum D Eskey (1987) “Research in Reading English as a Second Language” J Devine, P Carrell, and D Eskey, Eds Washington, DC: TESOL D E Rumelhart (1980) “Theoretical Issues on Reading Comprehension” R J Spiro, B Bruce, and W Brewer, Eds Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Doody (1996), p 15 Duke, N (2003) Comprehension instruction for informational text Presentation at the 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Types of English Children novels reading (e.g Coraline, materials/ Level Wonder, etc ) Newspapers Biography Thesis, Study researches materials of proficiency Novice Developing Proficient Advanced Do you read English novels in any genre (fiction, nonfiction etc )? a Yes b No (stop doing this form if choosing this answer) How often you read English novels? a Rarely b Sometimes c Regularly What is your opinion about the English novel? Opinions/ It is Reading It takes a lot of It increases It helps to Level of interesting it is hard effort to understand vocabulary increase my agreements a few pages of the knowledge novel Absolutely right Fair enough I guess so Disagree How often you encounter these difficulties while reading an English novel? Difficulties/The New words, Lack of The sentences, paragraphs are frequency slangs, and motivation to too long and hard to understand idioms read Frequently Sometimes Never While you reading, how often you ? Activities/ Highlight Lookup for Note Highlight the Search for the The the new the down all interesting information which frequency words, definition, the words, quotes, was mentioned in idioms meaning slangs, paragraphs the novel (e.g and objects, events, , idioms etc ) Always Sometimes Rarely Never Suggestions for increasing reading comprehension Does it increase your reading skills? Suggestions/ Saying the words Agreement silently in the head down the pages to much to levels while meaning of the fully as music Look up and note Re-read the Read as Listen reading (Subvocalizing new words, understand ) slangs the content possible while reading Very much A little Not quite Never APPENDIX B: Interview questions for student Why you choose to read an English novel? Do you encounter any difficulties while reading and trying to understand the content of the novel? How you solve that problem? Do you feel that it has any effects on your reading skills? Thank you for your participation and opinions ... as the contrary opinions, is highly encouraged and appreciated 35 CONCLUSION The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of reading English novels on the reading skill of Thuongmai University. .. to improve their reading skills In general, it is vital to conduct a research on ? ?The effects of reading English novel on the reading skill of English Department sophisters, Thuongmai University? ??... novel The author would like to present the thesis title ? ?The effects of English novel reading on the reading skill of the Thuongmai University English Department sophomores” for several reasons: