Sprot - winning, losing and scoring

Sport 2: winning, losing, and scoring Winning and losing Notice how these key words are used: Spain beat Switzerland 3-2 (= Switzerland lost to Spain 3-2) In other words: Spain won the match (= Switzerland lost the match) Spain defeated Switzerland (= Switzerland were defeated by Spain) Spain were the winners (= Switzerland were the losers) If both teams or players have the same score (= number of goals or points), it is a draw (eg 2-2 is a draw) We can also use draw as a verb, e.g we drew yesterday’s match/game 2-2 Note: A match is used for an organised game: We had a game of football with a few friends in the park, but we’ve got an important match against a very good team next week When the game is still in progress, we often use the verb lead to describe the position of the teams and players, or latest to describe the score: HALF-TIME SCORE: SPAIN SWITZERLAND At half-time, Spain are leading Switzerland two-one (= the latest score is two-one to Spain) Sampras is leading three-two in the first set (= the latest score is three-two to Sampras) What’s the score? In most games you score goals (e.g football, hockey) or points (e.g table tennis, basketball) At the end of the game there is a result (= players/teams win, lose, or draw) However, the scoring system — and the way we describe it — is different from game to game Football Tennis Spain 0-0 Italy (we say nil-nil) Spain 1-0 Italy (one-nmil to Spain) 15-0 (fifteen-love) 30~0 (thirty-love) Spain 1-1 Italy (one-all) Spain 1-2 Italy (two-one to Italy) Spain 2~2 Italy (two-all) 30-30 (thirty-all) 40-40 (deuce) [pronounced like ‘juice’] Advantage X Game X If the final score is 2-2 in a cup match, Game and set to X (e.g 6-3 or 7-5) you may have to play extra time And if the score is still 2-2 at the end of extra time, there is a penalty shoot-out Competitions In many sports, players and teams play every week in a league (the player/team that wins the most games In a season is the winner of the league championship) In most sports, there is also a cup competition, which is usually a knock-out competition 146 If the score reaches 6-6 you have a tie-break to decide the set quarter final a knock-out competition semi-final ¬-—— = —T†—————— — ¬ Ỉ —T—— English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) final —— Exercises These exercises also revise some vocabulary from the previous unit Fi.l Complete the table with the correct forms Infinitive Past tense | Past participle win lose beat 71.2 Past tense | Past participle lead catch draw How we say these scores? Football: 71.3 Infinitive Tennis: 0-0 15-0 2-1 40-30 4-4 40-40 Fill the gaps in these texts with suitable words or phrases In the World Cup Final of 1994, Brazil 0!) Italy 3-2 in a #? shoot-out After ninety minutes the 8ì was 0-0; and it remained the same after thirty minutes of (4) ; but then Italy ® 3~2 in the penalty shoot-out after Baresi and Baggio both missed This was the fourth time that Brazil had 46) the World Cup lvanisevic f) to Sampras in the second round He #! the first (oe 6-4 but then (19) the second 111! on a 42?) After that, Sampras dominated the rest of the (13) and won easily The final UY was 4-6, 7-6, 6-1, 6-2 CrINABWNH RH True or false? Check your answers by looking back at this unit and the previous unit Brazil won the football World Cup in 1994 Football has an umpire A set in tennis is always decided on a tie-break If two teams have the same score at the end of the game, it is a draw Golf is played on a course If someone gives you the latest score, the game has finished Sticks are used in skiing and hockey In a knock-out competition, you can lose one or two games but still win the competition NmbwWH eR Which sport is being described in each sentence? (The underlined words are key words and you can look them up to increase your vocabulary in different sports.) oo NI 71.5 The referee gave the try although many people thought it was a forward pass He scored the winner with a beautiful free kick from just outside the penalty area He served fifteen aces and not one double fault The coach called a time He crashed into the car First he was booked (= inside the penalty area, out with just 45 seconds left and two points between the teams in front with just two laps remaining the yellow card) for a bad tackle, and then he handled the ball so the referee had to send him off (= the red card) In the 200 metres freestyle, he overtook the Russian on the final length to win the race She sprinted away from the rest of the field on the final lap and won easily English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 147 72 Cinema and theatre Theatre At the theatre you can see plays, e.g Hamlet by Shakespeare, or musicals, e.g Phantom of the Opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber In a play the cast (= the total number of actors) is usually quite small, but musicals often have a very large cast One difference between the theatre and cinema is that you usually book (= reserve) tickets in advance (= some time before the actual performance) if you are going to the theatre Another difference is that the audience (= the people watching the play/musical) clap at the end of the performance This does not usually happen (in Britain) at the end of a film Cinema Plays are performed on stage, films are shown on screen In your country, films in English are either shown with subtitles (= there is a translation across the bottom of the screen), or they are dubbed (= the English is removed and replaced by actors speaking in your own language) Films are set (= take place) in many different periods and places, e.g Room with a View is set in the early part of the 20th century; Blade Runner is set in the future And when people talk about films, they often talk about the director, e.g Spielberg, Bertolucci; and the stars, the most important actors and actresses, e.g Tom Hanks and Jodie Foster Types of film western: a film about America in the 19th war film, e.g Born on the 4th of July horror film, e.g Dracula; Frankenstein science fiction film: about the future century; often with cowboys and indians action film, e.g Indiana Jones comedy: a funny film that makes you laugh thriller: an exciting story often about a crime Describing plays and films Journalists write articles in which they give their opinion of new films and plays They are called critics, and their articles are called reviews These are some words they may use: moving: producing strong emotions, often of sadness; a positive word violent: includes lots of scenes with fighting and death powerful: has a big effect on our emotions gripping: exciting and very interesting good fun: used to describe a film that may not be very serious or important but is enjoyable slow: boring I48 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) Exercises Look at the picture of your visit to the theatre and answer these questions L SH | 42.1 > Did you sit in the stalls or circle? Which row were you in? A be s ° ng a2 a Sĩ ì Số Sees axe Did you have a good view of the stage? cà C3 Tà B E G&BH8AS§av Bì GIĨ Q G tác: RG36G lịc: Were you next to an aisle? sa so Tủ Giá 239986 a 23292995 a aSOGaq6 What word or phrase is being defined? A play or film in which part of the story is sung to music The total number of actors in a play or film The people who watch a play at the theatre What these people with their hands at the end of a play The person who makes a film Journalists who write articles about films and plays The name of the articles they write The translation of the story of a film across the bottom of the screen To reserve tickets before the performance The most important actors or actresses in a film 72.3 © — `*\Cœ ¬IlG + C2 72.2% g Bqaagaar Have you seen these famous films made in English over the last twenty years? If so, try to complete the rest of the table using words from the opposite page Then write in the titles of three more films you have seen and complete the rest of the table for it Film Type of film | Subtitles or dubbed? Description of film (adjectives) Dirty Harry with Clint Eastwood Blade Runner with Harrison Ford Four Weddings and a Funeral with Hugh Grant Schindler’s List with Liam Neeson Dances with Wolves with Kevin Costner English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 149 Music, art and literature A Forms and people Forms Music Art Literature Person classical composer pop/rock songwriter painting painter sculpture sculptor } — the novel short stories poetry plays artist (general) novelist short story writer poet dramatist/playwright writer (general) Music Classical music: e.g Beethoven’s piano concertos, Schubert’s symphonies Beethoven and Schubert are both composers (~ people who write classical music) and most of their music is played by an orchestra (= large group of musicians including violins, cellos, etc.) which is led by a conductor, e.g Georg Solti or Loren Maazel, as leader Opera (= play in which the words are sung): e.g La Bobéme by Puccini, Carmen by Bizet Rock and pop music: e.g U2, Bon Jovi, Maria Carey This music is played by groups/bands, e.g Bon Jovi, Simply Red; or solo artists, e.g Madonna Many solo artists, e.g Phil Collins, are singer-songwriters (= they write and perform/play their own songs) Jazz: e.g Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, Stan Getz Musical instruments and ; violin musicians ⁄£ \ pianist saxophonist drummer — flautist (= person who plays flute) Art If you want to see the paintings of a famous artist, you need to go to an art gallery or museum, There you can see individual paintings and sometimes an exhibition (= a collection of paintings by one painter or school of painters, e.g the Impressionists), e.g There’s a Monet exhibition at the National Gallery next week There are many different types and styles of painting: a portrait (= a painting of a person) a self-portrait (= a painting of the artist by himself/herself) a landscape (= a painting of part of the countryside) an abstract painting (= a painting that is not realistic) 150 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) Exercises 73.8 What are or were these people? (painter? sculptor? novelist? poet? dramatist? songwriter? composer? conductor? rock star? pop star? musician? singer? pianist? etc.) Some of them may be more than one of these things Leo Tolstoy Giuseppe Verdi 13 Henry Moore William Wordsworth Mick Jagger 14 Jorge Luis Borges Henrik Ibsen Milton Nascimento 15 Pablo Picasso Yukio Mishima 10 Paul Tortelier 16 Saki Anton Chekhov 11 Paul Simon 17 Leonard Bernstein Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 12 Mark Knopfler 18 Alberto Giacometti 73.2 What you call the people who play the following instruments? piano guitar drums violin cello flute 73.3 What types of painting are these? 73.4 Use the context and your own knowledge to fill the gaps in these sentences and dialogues He used to be conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic Phil Collins was in a famous called Genesis before he became a A: Do you like music? B: Yes, very much A: And who?® your Ífavourite ? B: It’s hard to say, but I love Bach and Vivaldi There’s going to be an of his paintings at the new art $ She used to her own songs but now she mainly material written by other people Ihavent been to the since I saw The Marriage of Figaro last year I think The Great Gaisby is Scott Fitzgerald® best Hs first was performed in a very small theatre English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) ISI 74 Newspapers A Background In Britain, most newspapers are daily (= they come out/ are published every day); a few only come out on Sundays Magazines are usually weekly (= they come out every week), or monthly (= published every month) THEMES TIMES Vel | [beGuardian Tory cAver ae € Oeclor Some newspapers are tabloids (= small in size) e.g The Mirror; others are called broadsheets (= larger in size) e.g The Times In general, the tabloids represent the popular press (short articles and lots of pictures) and the broadsheets represent the quality press (longer articles and more ‘serious’) The largest circulation (= number of readers) is The Sun Contents Most British papers contain the following: home news (= news about Britain) foreign/international news (= news about other countries) business news sports news features (= longer articles about special subjects, e.g a famous person or a political issue} radio and TV programmes weather forecast (= tells you what the weather will be like) reviews {= when film, theatre and music critics write about new films, plays and records, and give their opinion of them) People Editor: the person in control of the daily production Reporters/journalists: people who report news and write articles; many journalists are freelance (= they work for themselves and are not employed by the newspaper) Headlines Certain words (usually very short) are often used in newspaper headlines Here are some: row (pronounced like ‘cow’) (= an argument) back (= to support) bid (n, v) (= an effort / a try / an attempt) cut (v, n) (= to reduce / make less) talks (= discussions) key (= very important) quit (= to leave a job) hit (= to affect badly) ‘It said in the paper that ’ When we refer to something in a newspaper we can use the verb say (NOT write), or the expression according to: It says in The Times that they’ve found the missing girl According to The Guardian, the missing girl was found last night 152 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) Exercises 74.4 > Think about newspapers in your own country Answer these questions NEN A B&W bà How many daily national newspapers are there? How many are tabloids? Are any of the ‘quality’ papers in tabloid form? How many broadsheets are there? How many newspapers omly come out on Sunday in your country? Which newspaper has the largest circulation? Can you name at least one editor of a daily paper; and two or three famous journalists who write for daily or weekly papers? How often you read the newspaper? How often you buy a newspaper? Explain these headlines in your own words Do not use the underlined words wos US plan Government on new hospitals Ministers in tax row } New bid to cut teenage smoking | POLICE DISCOVER KEY WITNESS | dapan and US enter cuts spending Bad weather hits farmers | 74.3 Germany backs Minister to quit | ¬ #4.2 w ‘ fresh tall Buy two different newspapers (in English or your own language) and complete this table Paper (no of pages) Paper (no of pages) home news foreign/international news feature articles business news sports news For the same two papers complete this table Paper (yes/no) Paper (yes/no) weather forecast cartoons crossword radio and TV programmes reviews How many pages are left? What are they about? If possible, compare answers with a friend English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 153 z5 Television Operating a television plug it in turn it on (# turn it off) remote control You may also want to turn it up (= increase the volume because you can’t hear) (# turn it down); and turn over (= change to a different channel, e.g from to 3) Note: You can also say switch on, switch off, or switch over (but wot switch it up/down) Types of programme Here are some types of TV programme: Soap opera: a programme often on two or three times a week, which follows the lives of a group/community of people; the stories are often exciting, dramatic and hard to believe Quiz show or Game show: individuals, teams or families who answer questions or play different games against each other The winner gets a prize, e.g a car, a holiday, money Chat show: a programme where a presenter talks to famous people about their lives and careers; sometimes there is music as well Documentary: a film with factual information, often analysing a problem in society A series: a number of programmes about the same situation or the same characters in different situations This may be a comedy series (the programmes are intended to be funny), or a drama series (the programmes are intended to be exciting, with interesting characters and situations) Current affairs programme: a programme about a current social/political problem Current means that it is happening ‘now / at the present time’ TV in Great At the moment on TV (BBC 1, pay extra, you or pay to have Britain there are five ‘terrestrial’ channels (or stations) BBC 2, ITV, Channel 4, and Channel 5) If you can have a satellite dish and receive satellite TV; cable TV — there are many channels available Talking TV Here are some useful words and phrases connected with television: What’s on TV tonight? (= what programmes are showing on TV tonight?) What time’s the film on? (= what time does it start?) How long the commercials last? (= the advertisements between programmes) What’s your favourite programme? (= the programme you like most/best) Are they showing the game live (= as it happens) or just recorded highlights? (= parts of the game after it has been played, e.g later in the day/evening) How much is a TV licence? (= money you have to pay the government if you have a TV) 154 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) Exercises You are watching TV with a friend What could you say in each of the situations below? Look at the example first 75.2 You don’t want to watch any more °42 you you you you 42 Could Could Could Could *42 You can’t hear the programme very well You want to watch a different programme Now it’s too loud for you "2 Tš.Ì Here is part of an evening from three British TV channels Can you find at least one example of: a documentary, a quiz show, a game show, a drama series, and a current affairs programme? There is also one example of a comedy series and two soap operas Can you guess which programmes they might be? 7.00 Telly Addicts Noel Edmonds hosts the quiz in which teams have their television knowledge put to the test Maitland Kathy tries to:come to terms with Ted’s revelations Michelle receives a letter that could change her life F5OO 8.30 Point Children The Deep There"s something fishy going on when Bill and Ben are asked to look after their neighbour's house 9,00 Nine:0’Clock News With Peter Sissons Subtitled Regional News Weather Rob McElwee 3245 9448 It’s farewell time at.the Rovers Episode written by Stephen Mattatratt For cast see Wednesday Repeated on Wednesday at 1.25pm | Subtitled ., 239 off: page 22 8.00 Bruce’s Price Is Right Game show testing knowledge: of the price of consumer goods, Director Bill Morton; Huntridge- Stereo Producer Howard Subtiied 2068 8.30 World in Action In:a classroom fitted with cameras, World in Action reveals what is really going on in Britain’s overcrowded schools and asks who is to blame 9.00 New series Cracker Brotherly Love (part 1) In the ‘first of this three- part thriller, a prostitute is found raped and murdered, opening old: wounds at the station See today’s choices Presented by Jon Snow and Cathy Including Weather E7 7.55 The Sio† The daily soapbox 829535 offering viewers the chance to air their opinions `" 141603 8.00 New series Desperately Seeking Something A four-part series in which Pete McCarthy explores the strange universe of alternative beliefs 8.30 Baby H's You Continuing the six-part series which uses natural history filming techniques to observe the first two years of a baby’s life 9.00 Cutting Edge The Trouble with Money Strange though it seems to some, not everyone enjoys winning the lottery This documentary explores the joys and pitfalls of getting rich quick WN EH Answer these questions about TV in your own country How many ‘terrestrial ‘channels are there? Do you watch satellite TV and/or cable TV? In total, how much TV you watch every week? CNNNHAD 7§.3 7,00 Channel News Smith 7.30 Coronation Street Bet’s 8.00 EastEnders for Producer Wayne Garvie _ Stereo Subtitled uu 7.30 Watchdog Forcast seé Tuesday Stereo Subtitiled xe Four new contestants compete a place in the November final Director Tony Prescott; Anne: Robinson presents the stories that affect consumers: in the 1990s With Alice Beer: and reporters Chris Choi:and Johnathan 7.00 The Krypton Factor What are your favourite programmes on TV at the moment? What night are they on? Do you enjoy watching the commercials? Do you often watch football matches live on TV? If not, you watch the highlights? Do you need a TV licence in your country? If so, how much is it? English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 155 On the phone telephone directory bile ph mone pron telephone number phone box answering machine/ answerphone machine phone card Starting a phone conversation The first example is an informal situation; the second example is a more formal call A: Hello b: Is that Mary? [NOT Are-yet-Mary? or Ist Mary2| A: Yeah, B: Hi It’s Ruth [NoT Fass Reth, or Hereds-Ruth] Note: When British people answer the phone at home they usually just say ‘hello’ and sometimes they also give their number They not give their name G: Good morning Chalfont Electronics b: Oh good morning Could I speak to Mrs Gordon, please? c: Yes Who’s calling, please? b: My name is Paul Scott (This is usually how you introduce yourself in a formal situation.) C: Right, Mr Scott PIL put you through (= I will connect you with Mrs Gordon) Telephone problems 4.20 p.m 4.30 p.m 4.35 p.m 7.30 p.m You try to phone your sister Susan but the line is engaged (= the line is busy) In other words, someone is already on the phone (= using the phone) You phone your sister again but it’s the wrong number (= you have dialled another number, e.g 637 424 and not 627 424, and a stranger answers) You get through to your sister’s number (= make contact) but she’s out (= not at home) Her husband answers and says that Susan won’t be back (= will not return) for a couple of hours, so you leave a message, e.g Could you ask Susan to ring me when she gets back? The husband agrees to give Susan the message Susan phones you back but you are out She leaves a message on your answerphone Her message is: Jean, this is Susan I’m just returning your call (= phone call) ’ll give you a ring (= phone you) tomorrow Useful vocabulary A reverse charge call (AmEng = collect call} This is when the person you ring agrees to pay for the phone call If you make a reverse charge call, you must go through the operator If you have someone’s name and address, you can call Directory Enquiries to get their phone number If you phone another town or city, you need to know the code, e.g the code for Cambridge is 01223 This type of call is a long distance call (# a local call) 156 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) Exercises #6 Write down five words or expressions including the word ‘phone’ or ‘telephone’ #6.2 Fill the gaps in these phone conversations with suitable words or phrases Good morning Boulding Limited Can I help you? Yes Qe Paul Mathews and I’m trying to contact Mr Patterson He actually left a t) on my answerphone yesterday afternoon AA: B: I see Well, m AS afraid Mr Patterson®s 83) at the moment Can I ask him œ tO cee later? : Yes please l shall be here until lunchtime Mỹ is 748 7267 DS : Hello Hi (6) cee Sandra? Pe : No, sorry Pm 0) Sandra’s not here at the moment Oh Do you know when she’ll 18) ? for her? De Dae : No, I’ve no idea OK Well in that case, could Ï ®\ Yes, of course Pwr BPP Could you ask her to 9) this evening, please? : Sure What’s your name? Catherine I’m a colleague from work She’s got my number : Right I'll tell her Thanks very much Bye bye Bye > Cc > Fe > g > : Hello? GU tees Carlos? : Yeah, speaking : Hi Carlos d2) Serena : Oh hello I was expecting you to ring yesterday : I did - or at least I tried T0300 your number about six times last night but I couldn”t 12 .ÏtWaS đỗ) all the time : Oh yes, I’m sorry about that I was 19 the phone to my brother for about an hour and then someone from school rang me about the table tennis tournament next week B: Oh well, never mind Anyway I’m phoning about Can you answer these questions? In your country, what is the emergency number for the police, fire brigade or ambulance? Is there a Directory Enquiries? What number is it? From your country, what’s the dialling code for the United Kingdom? How much does it cost to make a local call? How often you have to pay your phone bill? Is it cheaper to phone during the night? What’s the phone number of your English school? Have you ever made a reverse charge call? If so, who was it to? If possible, compare and discuss your answers with someone from the same country OCUNAARWNE 76.3 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 157 77 Computers Hardware VDU (monitor) screen central processing unit (= the heart of the computer) Tang keyboard As well as the hardware (= the machines), you also need software (= the programs needed to work the machines) These programs are on disks, e.g the hard disk inside the computer, or floppy disks or on CD-ROMs (= Compact Disc Read Only Memory, a CD on which you can put a large amount of information) Operating a computer Using the mouse, you can a number of things by clicking on different icons (= moving the mouse to point at different pictures at the top of the screen) — open anew document DI lở]LƠ [mlL |ẽi Lx] [|———_¬ li open an existing document save the data in this document print cut copy paste What people use computers for? A word processor is a computer used to prepare documents or letters, or the software that is used for this purpose Many people use their computers for word processing, e.g writing letters and reports A lot of business people use spreadsheets (= a program used to enter and arrange numbers and financial information) and databases (= programs which allow you to store, look at or change a large amount of information quickly and easily) Some people also use graphics (= the pictures and symbols a computer program can produce) Important vocabulary More and more people are becoming computer-literate (= have experience of working with computers and know how to use them) as many programs and machines are so user-friendly (= easy to use) You can now connect your computer to computers all over the world using the Internet (= a system that allows computers to connect using telephone lines) People send each other e-mail (electronic mail) messages using this system or network If your computer is slow it may need more memory It may crash (= stop working) if there is not enough memory or if it has a bug (= a software problem; also a virus) Make sure you make a back-up copy of your work (= an extra copy on a floppy disk) 158 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) Exercises 77.4 Add another word, abbreviation, or part of a word, to complete common ‘computer’ words and phrases soft aword Hoppy -friendly Se -literate key 77.2 Can you remember what these symbols mean? ' [š] aay (By 77.3 a COmpPUutEF 8Ñ -ROM laser 10 lạp 11 spread 12 -mail 1) ’ fe Complete this text about using a computer for word processing | wrote a — one for I’m afraid while I'm report on the () this morning When | finished,| 2) out two copies me and one for my boss Then, without any warning, the computer went @) , and | lost the whole document This is very unusual because normally | @ the data writing and then make a 6) copy when | have finished; this morning | forgot Anyway, | gave the report to my boss, hoping that she would not ask me to change it in any way She did She thought it was a bit long and said it would be better if | used more © to illustrate some of the written information She also thought it would make the report look more attractive | went back and rewrote most of the report when the computer was OK, only | @ part of the middle section which was rather repetitive, and | added extra ® as my boss advised It did look better by the time I'd finished, and this time | remembered to © it and make a (10) copy NNBWN HE Answer these questions If possible, ask someone else the same questions Do you have a computer at home? If so, what is it? Do you use computers at school/college/university/work? If so, what type? What you use them for? Would you say you are computer-literate? Do you find most computers user-friendly? What software programs are you familiar with? Do you use e-mail? Oe 77.4 Have you used CD-ROM? If so, what programs did you use and why? Do you think ‘The Internet’ will have an important influence on our daily lives? Do you think it will be important in helping people from different countries to learn English? English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 159 Education: school A The system Most children in England and Wales follow this route in the state system (= free education] Age some go to nursery school everyone starts primary school 11 pupils go to a secondary school (AmEng = high school) This may be a comprehensive (= mixed ability) or a grammar school (= children selected for their academic ability) 16 they leave school and get a job, or go to a college for vocational (= job) training, e.g hotel management, secretarial courses; or stay at school for two more years go to university they leave school and get a job or — go to a college for further education/training, e.g teaching, business studies 18 Note: * ® You go to school (as a pupil to study) and go to university (as a student to study) You don’t use the definite article ‘the’ here Other expressions like this are go to bed (to sleep); go into hospital (when you are ill}; go to church (to pray / to worship) In some areas of the UK there are not many grammar schools ¢ There are also public schools In fact, these are private, and parents pay to send their children there Some are expensive About 5% of the population go to public schools B Aschool timetable MON TUES WED THURS FRE Religious Education Maths Social Education Engiish Visual LesSon History Science Music Science Geography Lesson English French Physical Education Maths* Information Maths Lesson Art (break) (PE) Maths (lunch) Lesson History Technology Lesson Geography Visual Art Physical Education French English * Maths is an abbreviation of mathematics As you can see, the pupils have five lessons every day, and altogether they (= study) eleven subjects a week plus Physical Education (PE) Every morning they have a twenty- minute break There are three terms (= periods of continuous work) in a school year, and the timetable changes every year Note: Some words in English which end in ‘s’ look plural, but in fact they are singular: Maths isn’t my favourite subject, and physics is very difficult Most nouns of this type refer to subjects; other examples are economics and politics 160 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) | Exercises Here are some school subjects but the letters are mixed up What are the subjects? Example %erman TAHMS IRTHOSY CNECSEI NISGEHL HOGTCEYNLO EHGORAGPY Z7 RAT SIMCU EHNFCR 10 NEOCCIOSM How much can you remember? Try to answer these questions or complete the sentences without looking at the opposite page At what age children go to nursery school? At what age they start primary school? When they go to secondary school is either a grammar school or a At what age can English and Welsh children leave school? According to the tưnetable the foreign languages studied is Not including PE, how many subjects the children do? What happens if children fail all the exams they take at the age of 16? What can they if they pass all their exams at the age of 18? SINAN AWN 78.2 MGREAN_ What about you and your country? Answer these questions 78.4 Tom — nnt WN rR 78.3 Did you go to nursery school? Do most children start primary school at the age of five? Is the secondary school system similar or different? How many subjects did/do you study at secondary school? Did/do you study any subjects which are not included opposite? What was/is your favourite subject? How many lessons did/do you have every day? Is/was your school a state school or public school? At what age can you leave school? How many terms are there in a school year? Complete these sentences with the correct expression When she was a child she went in a small village with only fifty other pupils He didn’t go to school last term because he was very ill and he had to go I was very tired, so after I finished my homework Ï went When I left school Ï went and studied medicine It was a religious school, so we had to gO quite a lot 73.5 The next unit is about university and further education Can you think of six subjects you can study at university which you not usually study at school? Write down your answers, then turn to the next page English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 161 Education: university Subjects You can normally do/study these subjects at university but not always at school: medicine psychology business studies law sociology agriculture philosophy architecture history of art engineering politics Note: The underlined letters in some of the words above show the syllable with the main stress Also note that the first syllable of psychology is pronounced /sai/ like ‘my’ Studying at (a British) university If you want to go to (= enter fl) university, you must first pass examinations that most students take at the age of eighteen (called ‘A’ levels) Most students take three ‘A’ levels (three examinations in three different subjects) and they must well in order to get/obtain a place at university because the places are limited At the moment, approximately 30% of young adults go to university in Britain If you get a place at university, the tuition (= the teaching) is free, and some students also get (= receive) a grant (= money to pay for living expenses, e.g food and accommodation) as well Students at university are called undergraduates while they are studying for their first degree Most university courses last (= go on for / continue for) three years, some courses last four years, and one or two courses, e.g medicine, may be even longer During this period students can say that they are doing/studying history, or doing / studying for a degree in history, for example When they finish the course and pass their examinations, they receive a degree (the qualification when you complete a university course successfully) This can be a BA (= Bachelor of Arts) or a BSc (= Bachelor of Science), e.g I have a friend who has a BA in history, and another who has a BSc in chemistry Postgraduate courses When you complete your first degree, you are a graduate (In the US, students also use this word as a verb and say, they ‘graduated in history’ or ‘graduated in chemistry’, for example.) Some students then go on to a second course or degree (postgraduate course/ postgraduate degree) These students are then postgraduates There are usually three possible degrees: MA (Master of Arts) or MSc (Master of Science); usually one year MPhil (Master of Philosophy); usually two years PhD (Doctor of Philosophy); at least three years When people study one subject in great detail (often to find new information), we say they are conducting / doing / carrying out research (U); e.g I’m doing some research into/on the languages of different African tribes School vs university At school, you have teachers and lessons, at university, you have lecturers and lectures When a lecturer gives/does a lecture, the students listen and take/make notes (= write down the important information), but not usually say much, except to ask occasional questions 162 English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) Exercises 79.1 Read these sentences spoken by university students What is each person studying? We have to know every bone in a person’s body I’m concentrating on the modernist style and the work of Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright The way we use fertilizers is much more precise than twenty years ago We’re going to concentrate on Freud and Jung this term I’ve been reading some books on time management Expressionism was really a reaction to the work of the Impressionists We ‘ve spent a lot of time on American foreign policy and how it has been affected by various domestic problems You must know this case — it’s one of the most famous in legal history Now mark the stress on each of your answers, check with the answer key, and practise saying the words HA BR SIN WD What you call: the money some students receive if they get a place at university? the qualification you get at the end of university? the name we give students during this period at university? teachers at university? students when they have completed their first degree? students studying for a second degree? the study of one subject in great depth and detail, often to get new information? the talks that students go to while they are at university? ArnIN AR WNP 79.2 Replace the underlined verbs with different verbs that have the same meaning in the context OnNNN PWN eR 79.3 NR WN Bm How similar is university education in your own country? Answer these questions If possible, compare your answers with someone else from your own country and/or someone from a different country Do you need to pass examinations before you can go to university? Do some students get a grant to study at university? Is the tuition free if you go to university? Do most students go to university at the age of 18 or 19? Do more students go to university in your country than in Britain? Do most degree courses last three years? What is your equivalent of the British BA or BSc? Do you have similar postgraduate degrees in your country? DYN 79.4 Who is giving the lecture today? Did she receive a grant for her course? Is it more difficult to obtain a place at university? You have to pass the exams before you can enter university He’s studying physics, I think I think they’re carrying out some research into the cause of asthma I didn’t take any notes in the lecture yesterday The course goes on for three years English Vocabulary in Use (pre-intermediate & intermediate) 163 ... Infinitive Tennis: 0-0 1 5-0 2-1 4 0-3 0 4-4 4 0-4 0 Fill the gaps in these texts with suitable words or phrases In the World Cup Final of 1994, Brazil 0!) Italy 3-2 in a #? shoot-out After ninety... the first (oe 6-4 but then (19) the second 111! on a 42?) After that, Sampras dominated the rest of the (13) and won easily The final UY was 4-6 , 7-6 , 6-1 , 6-2 CrINABWNH RH True... and phrases soft aword Hoppy -friendly Se -literate key 77.2 Can you remember what these symbols mean? '' [š] aay (By 77.3 a COmpPUutEF 8Ñ -ROM laser 10 lạp 11 spread 12 -mail