146
Sport 2: winning, losing, and scoring
Winning and losing
Notice how these key words are used:
Spain beat Switzerland 3-2 (= Switzerland lost to Spain 3-2) In other words:
Spain won the match (= Switzerland lost the match)
Spain defeated Switzerland (= Switzerland were defeated by Spain) Spain were the winners (= Switzerland were the losers)
If both teams or players have the same score (= number of goals or points), it is a draw (eg 2-2 is a draw) We can also use draw as a verb, e.g we drew yesterday’s match/game 2-2 Note: A match is used for an organised game: We had a game of football with a few friends in the park, but we’ve got an important match against a very good team next week When the game is still in progress, we often use the verb lead to describe the position of the teams and players, or latest to describe the score:
HALF-TIME SCORE: SPAIN 2 SWITZERLAND 1
At half-time, Spain are leading Switzerland two-one (= the latest score is two-one to Spain) Sampras is leading three-two in the first set (= the latest score is three-two to Sampras)
What’s the score?
In most games you score goals (e.g football, hockey) or points (e.g table tennis,
basketball) At the end of the game there is a result (= players/teams win, lose, or draw)
However, the scoring system — and the way we describe it — is different from game to game
Football Tennis
Spain 0-0 Italy (we say nil-nil) 15-0 (fifteen-love) Spain 1-0 Italy (one-nmil to Spain) 30~0 (thirty-love)
Spain 1-1 Italy (one-all) 30-30 (thirty-all)
Spain 1-2 Italy (two-one to Italy) 40-40 (deuce) [pronounced like ‘juice’] Spain 2~2 Italy (two-all) Advantage X
Game X
If the final score is 2-2 in a cup match, Game and set to X (e.g 6-3 or 7-5)
you may have to play extra time And If the score reaches 6-6 you have a if the score is still 2-2 at the end of extra tie-break to decide the set
time, there is a penalty shoot-out
Competitions
quarter a knock-out competition
In many sports, players and final teams play every week in a
league (the player/team that ¬-—— final
wins the most games In a
season is the winner of the =
league championship) In —T†—————— —— most sports, there is also a —
Trang 2Fi.l
71.2
71.3
71.5
These exercises also revise some vocabulary from the previous unit Complete the table with the correct forms Infinitive Past tense | Past Infinitive Past tense | Past participle participle win lead lose catch beat draw How do we say these scores? 1 Football: 0-0 2-1 4-4 2 Tennis: 15-0 40-30 40-40
Fill the gaps in these texts with suitable words or phrases
In the World Cup Final of 1994, Brazil 0!) Italy 3-2 in a #? shoot-out After ninety minutes the 8ì was 0-0; and it remained the same after thirty minutes of (4) ; but then Italy ® 3~2 in the penalty shoot-out after Baresi and Baggio both missed This was the fourth time that Brazil had 46) the World Cup
lvanisevic f) to Sampras in the second round He #! the first (oe 6-4 but then (19) the second 111! on a 42?) After that, Sampras dominated the rest of the (13) and won easily The final
UY was 4-6, 7-6, 6-1, 6-2
True or false? Check your answers by looking back at this unit and the previous unit Brazil won the football World Cup in 1994
Football has an umpire
A set in tennis is always decided on a tie-break
If two teams have the same score at the end of the game, it is a draw Golf is played on a course
If someone gives you the latest score, the game has finished Sticks are used in skiing and hockey
In a knock-out competition, you can lose one or two games but still win the competition
CrINABWNH
RH
Which sport is being described in each sentence? (The underlined words are key words and you can look them up to increase your vocabulary in different sports.)
The referee gave the try although many people thought it was a forward pass He scored the winner with a beautiful free kick from just outside the penalty area
He served fifteen aces and not one double fault
The coach called a time out with just 45 seconds left and two points between the teams He crashed into the car in front with just two laps remaining
First he was booked (= the yellow card) for a bad tackle, and then he handled the ball inside the penalty area, so the referee had to send him off (= the red card)
In the 200 metres freestyle, he overtook the Russian on the final length to win the race
Trang 372 I48 Cinema and theatre Theatre
At the theatre you can see plays, e.g Hamlet by Shakespeare, or musicals, e.g Phantom of the Opera by Andrew Lloyd Webber In a play the cast (= the total number of actors) is usually quite small, but musicals often have a very large cast
One difference between the theatre and cinema is that you usually book (= reserve) tickets in advance (= some time before the actual performance) if you are going to the theatre Another difference is that the audience (= the people watching the play/musical) clap at the end of the performance This does not usually happen (in Britain) at the end of a film Cinema
Plays are performed on stage, films are shown on screen In your country, films in English are either shown with subtitles (= there is a translation across the bottom of the screen), or they are dubbed (= the English is removed and replaced by actors speaking in your own language)
Films are set (= take place) in many different periods and places, e.g Room with a View is set in the early part of the 20th century; Blade Runner is set in the future And when people
talk about films, they often talk about the director, e.g Spielberg, Bertolucci; and the stars,
the most important actors and actresses, e.g Tom Hanks and Jodie Foster
Types of film
western: a film about America in the 19th century; often with cowboys and indians war film, e.g Born on the 4th of July action film, e.g Indiana Jones
horror film, e.g Dracula; Frankenstein comedy: a funny film that makes you laugh science fiction film: about the future thriller: an exciting story often about a crime
Describing plays and films
Journalists write articles in which they give their opinion of new films and plays They are called critics, and their articles are called reviews These are some words they may use: moving: producing strong emotions, often of sadness; a positive word
violent: includes lots of scenes with fighting and death powerful: has a big effect on our emotions
gripping: exciting and very interesting
good fun: used to describe a film that may not be very serious or important but is enjoyable slow: boring
Trang 442.1 > Look at the picture of your visit to the L SH
theatre and answer these questions |
1 Did you sit in the stalls or circle? A be s a là Sĩ ì là Số 3 2 2 Which row were you in? ° ng a2 Sees axe
3 Were you next to an aisle? 5 sa so g Bqaagaar
4 Did you have a good view of the stage? E G&BH8AS§av cà C3 Tà B 8 RG36G lịc: Bì GIÓ Q G tác:
Tủ Giá 23292995
239986 a a SOGaq a 6
72.2% What word or phrase is being defined?
A play or film in which part of the story is sung to music The total number of actors in a play or film
The people who watch a play at the theatre
What these people do with their hands at the end of a play The person who makes a film
Journalists who write articles about films and plays The name of the articles they write
The translation of the story of a film across the bottom of the screen To reserve tickets before the performance
The most important actors or actresses in a film â `*\C ơIlG + C2
72.3 Have you seen these famous films made in English over the last twenty years? If so, try to complete the rest of the table using words from the opposite page Then write in the titles of three more films you have seen and complete the rest of the table for it Film Type of film | Subtitles or Description of film dubbed? (adjectives) 1 Dirty Harry with Clint Eastwood 2 Blade Runner with Harrison Ford
3 Four Weddings and a Funeral with Hugh Grant
4 Schindler’s List with Liam Neeson 5 Dances with Wolves
with Kevin Costner
Trang 5
150
Music, art and literature
A Forms and people
Forms Person
Music classical composer
pop/rock songwriter
Art painting painter artist
sculpture sculptor } (general) Literature — the novel novelist
short stories short story writer writer poetry poet (general) plays dramatist/playwright
Music
Classical music: e.g Beethoven’s piano concertos, Schubert’s symphonies Beethoven and Schubert are both composers (~ people who write classical music) and most of their music is played by an orchestra (= large group of musicians including violins, cellos, etc.) which is led by a conductor, e.g Georg Solti or Loren Maazel, as leader
Opera (= play in which the words are sung): e.g La Bobéme by Puccini, Carmen by Bizet Rock and pop music: e.g U2, Bon Jovi, Maria Carey This music is played by groups/bands,
e.g Bon Jovi, Simply Red; or solo artists, e.g Madonna Many solo artists, e.g Phil Collins, are singer-songwriters (= they write and perform/play their own songs) Jazz: e.g Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, Stan Getz
Musical instruments and musicians saxophonist drummer ; \ pianist violin — ⁄£ flautist (= person who plays flute) Art
If you want to see the paintings of a famous artist, you need to go to an art gallery or museum, There you can see individual paintings and sometimes an exhibition (= a collection
of paintings by one painter or school of painters, e.g the Impressionists), e.g
There’s a Monet exhibition at the National Gallery next week There are many different types and styles of painting:
a portrait (= a painting of a person)
a self-portrait (= a painting of the artist by himself/herself) a landscape (= a painting of part of the countryside) an abstract painting (= a painting that is not realistic)
Trang 673.8 What are or were these people? (painter? sculptor? novelist? poet? dramatist? songwriter? composer? conductor? rock star? pop star? musician? singer? pianist? etc.) Some of them may be more than one of these things
1 Leo Tolstoy 7 Giuseppe Verdi 13 Henry Moore 2 William Wordsworth 8 Mick Jagger 14 Jorge Luis Borges 3 Henrik Ibsen 9 Milton Nascimento 15 Pablo Picasso 4 Yukio Mishima 10 Paul Tortelier 16 Saki
5 Anton Chekhov 11 Paul Simon 17 Leonard Bernstein 6 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 12 Mark Knopfler 18 Alberto Giacometti
73.2 What do you call the people who play the following instruments?
piano guitar drums violin cello flute 73.3 What types of painting are these?
73.4 Use the context and your own knowledge to fill the gaps in these sentences and dialogues
1 He used to be conductor of the Berlin Philharmonic
2 Phil Collins was in a famous called Genesis before he became a 3 A: Do you like music?
B: Yes, very much
A: And who?® your Ífavourite ? B: It’s hard to say, but I love Bach and Vivaldi
4 There’s going to be an of his paintings at the new art $ She used to her own songs but now she mainly material
written by other people
6 Ihavent been to the since I saw The Marriage of Figaro last year 7 I think The Great Gaisby is Scott Fitzgerald® best
8 Hs first was performed in a very small theatre
Trang 774 Newspapers
152
A Background
In Britain, most newspapers are daily (= they come out / are published every day); a few only come out on Sundays Magazines are usually weekly (= they come out every week), or monthly (= published every month)
THEMES TIMES Vel
| [beGuardian Tory cAver ae € Oeclor
Some newspapers are tabloids (= small in size) e.g The Mirror; others are called
broadsheets (= larger in size) e.g The Times In general, the tabloids represent the popular press (short articles and lots of pictures) and the broadsheets represent the quality press
(longer articles and more ‘serious’) The largest circulation (= number of readers) is The Sun
Contents
Most British papers contain the following:
home news (= news about Britain)
foreign/international news (= news about other countries) business news
sports news
features (= longer articles about special subjects, e.g a famous person or a political issue} radio and TV programmes
weather forecast (= tells you what the weather will be like)
reviews {= when film, theatre and music critics write about new films, plays and records, and give their opinion of them)
People
Editor: the person in control of the daily production
Reporters/journalists: people who report news and write articles; many journalists are freelance (= they work for themselves and are not employed by the newspaper) Headlines
Certain words (usually very short) are often used in newspaper headlines Here are some:
row (pronounced like ‘cow’) (= an argument) back (= to support)
quit (= to leave a job) hit (= to affect badly)
bid (n, v) (= an effort / a try / an attempt) talks (= discussions) cut (v, n) (= to reduce / make less) key (= very important)
‘It said in the paper that .’
When we refer to something in a newspaper we can use the verb say (NOT write), or the expression according to:
It says in The Times that they’ve found the missing girl
According to The Guardian, the missing girl was found last night
Trang 874.4 > Think about newspapers in your own country Answer these questions
How many daily national newspapers are there? How many are tabloids?
Are any of the ‘quality’ papers in tabloid form? How many broadsheets are there?
How many newspapers omly come out on Sunday in your country? Which newspaper has the largest circulation?
Can you name at least one editor of a daily paper; and two or three famous journalists who write for daily or weekly papers?
8 How often do you read the newspaper? How often do you buy a newspaper?
NEN
A
B&W
bà
#4.2 Explain these headlines in your own words Do not use the underlined words
wos Germany backs
Minister to quit | 5 US plan ¬
Government cuts spending w ‘
2 on new hospitals 6 Ministers in tax row }
3 New bid to cut teenage smoking | 7 POLICE DISCOVER KEY WITNESS |
dapan and US enter
4 Bad weather hits farmers | 8 fresh tall 74.3 Buy two different newspapers (in English or your own language) and complete this table Paper 1 (no of pages) Paper 2 (no of pages) home news foreign/international news feature articles business news sports news For the same two papers complete this table Paper 1 (yes/no) Paper 2 (yes/no) weather forecast cartoons crossword radio and TV programmes reviews
How many pages are left? What are they about? If possible, compare answers with a friend
Trang 9z5 154 Television Operating a television
plug it in turn it on (# turn it off) remote control
You may also want to turn it up (= increase the volume because you can’t hear) (# turn it down); and turn over (= change to a different channel, e.g from 1 to 3)
Note: You can also say switch on, switch off, or switch over (but wot switch it up/down)
Types of programme
Here are some types of TV programme:
Soap opera: a programme often on two or three times a week, which follows the lives of a group/community of people; the stories are often exciting, dramatic and hard to believe Quiz show or Game show: individuals, teams or families who answer questions or play
different games against each other The winner gets a prize, e.g a car, a holiday, money Chat show: a programme where a presenter talks to famous people about their lives and
careers; sometimes there is music as well
Documentary: a film with factual information, often analysing a problem in society A series: a number of programmes about the same situation or the same characters in
different situations This may be a comedy series (the programmes are intended to be funny), or a drama series (the programmes are intended to be exciting, with interesting
characters and situations)
Current affairs programme: a programme about a current social/political problem Current means that it is happening ‘now / at the present time’
TV in Great Britain
At the moment there are five ‘terrestrial’ channels (or stations) on TV (BBC 1, BBC 2, ITV, Channel 4, and Channel 5) If you pay extra, you can have a satellite dish and receive satellite TV; or pay to have cable TV — there are many channels available
Talking TV
Here are some useful words and phrases connected with television: What’s on TV tonight? (= what programmes are showing on TV tonight?)
What time’s the film on? (= what time does it start?)
How long do the commercials last? (= the advertisements between programmes) What’s your favourite programme? (= the programme you like most/best)
Are they showing the game live (= as it happens) or just recorded highlights? (= parts of the game after it has been played, e.g later in the day/evening)
How much is a TV licence? (= money you have to pay the government if you have a TV)
Trang 10Tš.Ì
75.2
You are watching TV with a friend What could you say in each of the situations below? Look at the example first
1 You can’t hear the programme very well 2 You want to watch a different programme 3 Now it’s too loud for you
4 You don’t want to watch any more Could you Could you Could you Could you "2 *42 42 °42
Here is part of an evening from three British TV channels Can you find at least one example
of: a documentary, a quiz show, a game show, a drama series, and a current affairs
programme? There is also one example of a comedy series and two soap operas Can you guess which programmes they might be?
7.00 Telly Addicts
Noel Edmonds hosts the quiz in which teams have their television
knowledge put to the test
7.30 Watchdog
Anne: Robinson presents the stories that affect consumers: in the 1990s With Alice Beer: and reporters Chris Choi:and
Johnathan Maitland
8.00 EastEnders
Kathy tries to:come to terms with Ted’s revelations Michelle receives a letter that could change her life
Forcast seé Tuesday Stereo Subtitiled
8.30 2 Point 4 Children
The Deep There"s something fishy going on when Bill and Ben are asked to look after their neighbour's house 9,00 Nine:0’Clock News With Peter Sissons Subtitled Regional News Weather Rob McElwee 3245 xe F5OO
7.00 The Krypton Factor
Four new contestants compete for a place in the November final Director Tony Prescott; Producer Wayne Garvie _ Stereo Subtitled uu 9448
7.30 Coronation Street
It’s farewell time at.the Rovers
Episode written by Stephen Mattatratt For cast see Wednesday Repeated on Wednesday at 1.25pm | Subtitled ., 239 Bet’s off: page 22
8.00 Bruce’s Price Is Right
Game show testing knowledge: of the price of consumer goods,
Director Bill Morton; Producer Howard
Huntridge- Stereo Subtiied 2068
8.30 World in Action
In:a classroom fitted with cameras, World in Action reveals what is really going on in Britain’s
overcrowded schools and asks who is to blame
9.00 New series Cracker
Brotherly Love (part 1)
In the ‘first of this three-
part thriller, a prostitute is found raped and murdered, opening old: wounds at the station See today’s choices
7§.3 Answer these questions about TV in your own country
What night are they on?
CNNNHAD
WN
EH How many ‘terrestrial ‘channels are there? Do you watch satellite TV and/or cable TV? In total, how much TV do you watch every week?
What are your favourite programmes on TV at the moment?
Do you enjoy watching the commercials?
Do you often watch football matches live on TV? If not, do you watch the highlights? Do you need a TV licence in your country? If so, how much is it?
7,00 Channel 4 News
Presented by Jon Snow and Cathy Smith Including Weather
E7 829535
7.55 The Sio†
The daily soapbox offering viewers
the chance to air their opinions
`" 141603
8.00 New series Desperately Seeking Something
A four-part series in which Pete
McCarthy explores the strange
universe of alternative beliefs
8.30 Baby H's You
Continuing the six-part series which uses natural history filming
techniques to observe the first two years of a baby’s life
9.00 Cutting Edge
The Trouble with Money
Strange though it seems to some, not
everyone enjoys winning the lottery This documentary explores the joys and pitfalls of
getting rich quick
Trang 11phone box 156 On the phone telephone directory mone pron bile ph telephone number answering machine/ answerphone
Starting a phone conversation
machine phone card
The first example is an informal situation; the second example is a more formal call
A: Hello
b: Is that Mary? [NOT Are-yet-Mary? or Ist Mary2| A: Yeah,
B: Hi It’s Ruth [NoT Fass Reth, or Hereds-Ruth]
Note: When British people answer the phone at home they usually just say ‘hello’ and sometimes they also give their number They do not give their name
G: Good morning Chalfont Electronics
b: Oh good morning Could I speak to Mrs Gordon, please? c: Yes Who’s calling, please?
b: My name is Paul Scott (This is usually how you introduce yourself in a formal situation.) C: Right, Mr Scott PIL put you through (= I will connect you with Mrs Gordon)
Telephone problems
4.20 p.m You try to phone your sister Susan but the line is engaged (= the line is busy) In other words, someone is already on the phone (= using the phone)
4.30 p.m You phone your sister again but it’s the wrong number (= you have dialled another number, e.g 637 424 and not 627 424, and a stranger answers)
4.35 p.m You get through to your sister’s number (= make contact) but she’s out (= not at home) Her husband answers and says that Susan won’t be back (= will not
return) for a couple of hours, so you leave a message, e.g Could you ask Susan to ring me when she gets back? The husband agrees to give Susan the message 7.30 p.m Susan phones you back but you are out She leaves a message on your
answerphone Her message is: Jean, this is Susan I’m just returning your call (=
phone call) ’ll give you a ring (= phone you) tomorrow
Useful vocabulary
A reverse charge call (AmEng = collect call} This is when the person you ring agrees to pay for the phone call If you make a reverse charge call, you must go through the operator If you have someone’s name and address, you can call Directory Enquiries to get their phone number If you phone another town or city, you need to know the code, e.g the code for Cambridge is 01223 This type of call is a long distance call (# a local call)
Trang 12#6 Write down five words or expressions including the word ‘phone’ or ‘telephone’ #6.2 Fill the gaps in these phone conversations with suitable words or phrases AA: B: AS œ > Pwr BPP De Dae Pe DS g Cc > Fe > > B:
Good morning Boulding Limited Can I help you?
Yes Qe Paul Mathews and I’m trying to contact Mr Patterson He actually left a t) on my answerphone yesterday afternoon
I see Well, m afraid Mr Patterson®s 83) at the moment Can I ask him
tO cee later?
: Yes please l shall be here until lunchtime Mỹ 9 is 748 7267 : Hello
Hi (6) cee Sandra?
: No, sorry Pm 0) Sandra’s not here at the moment
Oh Do you know when she’ll 18) ?
: No, I’ve no idea
OK Well in that case, could Ï ®\ for her? Yes, of course
Could you ask her to 9) this evening, please? : Sure What’s your name?
Catherine I’m a colleague from work She’s got my number : Right I'll tell her
Thanks very much Bye bye Bye : Hello? GU tees Carlos? : Yeah, speaking : Hi Carlos d2) Serena
: Oh hello I was expecting you to ring yesterday
: I did - or at least I tried T0300 your number about six times last night but I couldn”t 12 ÏtWaS đỗ) all the time
: Oh yes, I’m sorry about that I was 19 the phone to my brother for about an hour and then someone from school rang me about the table tennis
tournament next week
Oh well, never mind Anyway I’m phoning about 76.3 Can you answer these questions?
OCUNAARWNE
In your country, what is the emergency number for the police, fire brigade or ambulance? Is there a Directory Enquiries? What number is it?
From your country, what’s the dialling code for the United Kingdom? How much does it cost to make a local call?
How often do you have to pay your phone bill? Is it cheaper to phone during the night?
What’s the phone number of your English school?
Have you ever made a reverse charge call? If so, who was it to?
If possible, compare and discuss your answers with someone from the same country
Trang 1377 158 central processing unit (= the heart of the computer) Computers Hardware VDU (monitor) screen Tang keyboard
As well as the hardware (= the machines), you also need software (= the programs needed to work the machines) These programs are on disks, e.g the hard disk inside the computer, or floppy disks or on CD-ROMs (= Compact Disc Read Only Memory, a CD on which you can put a large amount of information)
Operating a computer
Using the mouse, you can do a number of things by clicking on different icons (= moving
the mouse to point at different pictures at the top of the screen)
DI lở] [ml |ẽi Lx] [| li
— LƠ L ———_¬
open anew open an existing save the data print cut copy paste
document document in this document
What do people use computers for?
A word processor is a computer used to prepare documents or letters, or the software that is used for this purpose Many people use their computers for word processing, e.g writing letters and reports A lot of business people use spreadsheets (= a program used to enter and arrange numbers and financial information) and databases (= programs which allow you to store, look at or change a large amount of information quickly and easily) Some people also use graphics (= the pictures and symbols a computer program can produce)
Important vocabulary
More and more people are becoming computer-literate (= have experience of working with computers and know how to use them) as many programs and machines are so user-friendly (= easy to use) You can now connect your computer to computers all over the world using the Internet (= a system that allows computers to connect using telephone lines) People send each other e-mail (electronic mail) messages using this system or network
If your computer is slow it may need more memory It may crash (= stop working) if there is not enough memory or if it has a bug (= a software problem; also a virus) Make sure you make a back-up copy of your work (= an extra copy on a floppy disk)
Trang 1477.4 77.2 77.3 77.4 Add another word, abbreviation, or part of a word, to complete common ‘computer’ words and phrases 1 soft 7 a COmpPUutEF 2 aword 8Ñ -ROM 3 Hoppy 9 laser 4 -friendly 10 lạp Se -literate 11 spread 6 key 12 -mail Can you remember what these symbols mean? ' [š] aay 1) (By ’ fe
Complete this text about using a computer for word processing
| wrote a report on the () this morning When | finished, | 2) out two copies — one for me and one for my boss Then, without any warning, the computer went @) , and I’m afraid | lost the whole document This is very unusual because normally | @ the data while I'm writing and then make a 6) copy when | have finished; this morning | forgot Anyway, | gave the report to my boss, hoping that she would not ask me to change it in any way She did She thought it was a bit long and said it would be better if | used more © to
illustrate some of the written information She also thought it would make the report look more
attractive
| went back and rewrote most of the report when the computer was OK, only | @ part of the middle section which was rather repetitive, and | added extra ® as my boss advised It did look better by the time I'd finished, and this time | remembered to © it and make a (10) copy
Answer these questions If possible, ask someone else the same questions Do you have a computer at home? If so, what is it?
Do you use computers at school/college/university/work? If so, what type? What do you use them for?
Would you say you are computer-literate? Do you find most computers user-friendly? What software programs are you familiar with?
Do you use e-mail?
Have you used CD-ROM? If so, what programs did you use and why?
Trang 15Education: school A The system Most children in England and Wales follow this route in the state system (= free education] Age
3 some go to nursery school 5 everyone starts primary school
11 pupils go to a secondary school (AmEng = high school) This may be a comprehensive | (= mixed ability) or a grammar school (= children selected for their academic ability) 16 they leave school and get a job, or go to a college for vocational (= job) training, e.g
hotel management, secretarial courses; or stay at school for two more years go to university
18 they leave school and get a job or — go to a college for further education/training, e.g teaching, business studies
Note:
* You go to school (as a pupil to study) and go to university (as a student to study) You don’t use the definite article ‘the’ here Other expressions like this are go to bed (to
sleep); go into hospital (when you are ill}; go to church (to pray / to worship) ® In some areas of the UK there are not many grammar schools
¢ There are also public schools In fact, these are private, and parents pay to send their children there Some are expensive About 5% of the population go to public schools B Aschool timetable
MON TUES WED THURS FRE
Lesson 1 Religious Maths Social Engiish Visual Art
Education Education
(break)
LesSon 2 History Science Music Science Geography
Lesson 3 English French Physical Maths
Education (PE) (lunch)
Lesson 4 Maths* History Information Maths Physical
Technology Education
Lesson 5 Geography Visual Art French English
* Maths is an abbreviation of mathematics
As you can see, the pupils have five lessons every day, and altogether they do (= study) eleven subjects a week plus Physical Education (PE) Every morning they have a twenty-
minute break There are three terms (= periods of continuous work) in a school year, and
the timetable changes every year
Note: Some words in English which end in ‘s’ look plural, but in fact they are singular: Maths isn’t my favourite subject, and physics is very difficult
Most nouns of this type refer to subjects; other examples are economics and politics
Trang 1678.2
78.3
78.4
73.5
Here are some school subjects but the letters are mixed up What are the subjects?
Example MGREAN_ %erman 1 TAHMS 6 EHGORAGPY 2 IRTHOSY Z7 RAT 3 CNECSEI 8 SIMCU 4 NISGEHL 9 EHNFCR 3 HOGTCEYNLO 10 NEOCCIOSM
How much can you remember? Try to answer these questions or complete the sentences without looking at the opposite page At what age do children go to nursery school? At what age do they start primary school? When they go to secondary school ít is either a grammar school or a
At what age can English and Welsh children leave school? According to the tưnetable the foreign languages studied is
Not including PE, how many subjects do the children do? What happens if children fail all the exams they take at the age of 16? What can they do if they pass all their exams at the age of 18? SINAN AWN What about you and your country? Answer these questions Did you go to nursery school? Do most children start primary school at the age of five? Is the secondary school system similar or different? How many subjects did/do you study at secondary school? Did/do you study any subjects which are not included opposite? What was/is your favourite subject? How many lessons did/do you have every day? Is/was your school a state school or public school? At what age can you leave school? How many terms are there in a school year? Tom nnt WN rR — Complete these sentences with the correct expression 1 When she was a child she went in a small village with only fifty other pupils 2 He didn’t go to school last term because he was very ill and he had to go 3 I was very tired, so after I finished my homework Ï went 4 When I left school Ï went and studied medicine
5 It was a religious school, so we had to gO quite a lot
The next unit is about university and further education Can you think of six subjects you can study at university which you do not usually study at school? Write down your answers, then turn to the next page
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162
Education: university
Subjects
You can normally do/study these subjects at university but not always at school:
medicine law philosophy engineering
psychology sociology architecture politics
business studies agriculture history of art
Note: The underlined letters in some of the words above show the syllable with the main stress Also note that the first syllable of psychology is pronounced /sai/ like ‘my’
Studying at (a British) university
If you want to go to (= enter fl) university, you must first pass examinations that most
students take at the age of eighteen (called ‘A’ levels) Most students take three ‘A’ levels
(three examinations in three different subjects) and they must do well in order to get/obtain a place at university because the places are limited At the moment, approximately 30% of young adults go to university in Britain
If you get a place at university, the tuition (= the teaching) is free, and some students also get (= receive) a grant (= money to pay for living expenses, e.g food and accommodation) as well Students at university are called undergraduates while they are studying for their first degree
Most university courses last (= go on for / continue for) three years, some courses last four years, and one or two courses, e.g medicine, may be even longer During this period students can say that they are doing/studying history, or doing / studying for a degree in history, for example When they finish the course and pass their examinations, they receive a degree (the qualification when you complete a university course successfully) This can be a BA (= Bachelor of Arts) or a BSc (= Bachelor of Science), e.g I have a friend who has a BA in history, and another who has a BSc in chemistry
Postgraduate courses
When you complete your first degree, you are a graduate (In the US, students also use this word as a verb and say, they ‘graduated in history’ or ‘graduated in chemistry’, for
example.) Some students then go on to do a second course or degree (postgraduate course /
postgraduate degree) These students are then postgraduates There are usually three
possible degrees:
MA (Master of Arts) or MSc (Master of Science); usually one year
MPhil (Master of Philosophy); usually two years PhD (Doctor of Philosophy); at least three years
When people study one subject in great detail (often to find new information), we say they are conducting / doing / carrying out research (U); e.g
I’m doing some research into/on the languages of different African tribes
School vs university
At school, you have teachers and lessons, at university, you have lecturers and lectures When a lecturer gives/does a lecture, the students listen and take/make notes (= write down
the important information), but do not usually say much, except to ask occasional
questions
Trang 1879.1 79.2 79.3 79.4 Read these sentences spoken by university students What is each person studying? 1 2 SIN HA BR WD 8
We have to know every bone in a person’s body
I’m concentrating on the modernist style and the work of Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright
The way we use fertilizers is much more precise than twenty years ago We’re going to concentrate on Freud and Jung this term
I’ve been reading some books on time management
Expressionism was really a reaction to the work of the Impressionists
We ‘ve spent a lot of time on American foreign policy and how it has been affected by various domestic problems
You must know this case — it’s one of the most famous in legal history
Now mark the stress on each of your answers, check with the answer key, and practise saying the words What do you call: ArnIN AR WNP
the money some students receive if they get a place at university? the qualification you get at the end of university?
the name we give students during this period at university? teachers at university?
students when they have completed their first degree? students studying for a second degree?
the study of one subject in great depth and detail, often to get new information? the talks that students go to while they are at university?
Replace the underlined verbs with different verbs that have the same meaning in the context
OnNNN
PWN
eR Who is giving the lecture today? Did she receive a grant for her course?
Is it more difficult to obtain a place at university?
You have to pass the exams before you can enter university He’s studying physics, I think
I think they’re carrying out some research into the cause of asthma I didn’t take any notes in the lecture yesterday
The course goes on for three years
How similar is university education in your own country? Answer these questions If possible, compare your answers with someone else from your own country and/or someone from a different country
DYN
NR
WN
Bm Do you need to pass examinations before you can go to university? Do some students get a grant to study at university?
Is the tuition free if you go to university?
Do most students go to university at the age of 18 or 19?
Do more students go to university in your country than in Britain? Do most degree courses last three years?
What is your equivalent of the British BA or BSc?
Do you have similar postgraduate degrees in your country?