(Luận văn thạc sĩ) a study of english vietnamese translation of journal article abstracts

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ****** NGUYỄN THỊ HUYÊN A STUDY OF ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF JOURNAL-ARTICLE ABSTRACTS Nghiên cứu việc dịch phần tóm tắt số báo khoa học chuyên ngành từ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt M.A Minor Programme Thesis Field: English Linguistics Code: 60220201 Hanoi – 2015 VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ****** NGUYỄN THỊ HUYÊN A STUDY OF ENGLISH-VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF JOURNAL-ARTICLE ABSTRACTS Nghiên cứu việc dịch phần tóm tắt số báo khoa học chuyên ngành từ tiếng Anh sang tiếng Việt M.A Minor Programme Thesis Field : English Linguistics Code : 60220201 Supervisor : Assoc Prof Dr Trần Xuân Điệp Hanoi – 2015 DECLARATION I , Nguyễn Thị Huyên, hereby certify that the minor thesis entitled “A study of English-Vietnamese Translation of Journal-Article Abstracts”is the study of my own research to fulfill the M.A Degree at Faculty of Post Graduate Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi University of Languages and International Studies.The substance of this research has not been submitted for a degree to any other university or institution Hanoi, 2015 Signature Nguyễn Thị Huyên i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my thanks to all my lecturers at the Faculty of Post Graduate Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi University of Languages and International Studies, for their lectures and valuable supports during the process of doing this paper To my supervisor, Associate Professor Doctor Trần Xuân Điệp, I owe a special debt of gratitude for his guidance, his valuable advice, suggestions, comments and criticism I would also like to show my sincere thanks for his patience and interest in this paper I also would like to take this opportunity to thank my friends and colleagues for their suggestions, and assistance, during the process of preparing and finding materials for this research Finally, I would like to show my deep gratitude to my parents, my husband and my little twins for their love, support and encouragement during the time I carried out this study ii ABSTRACT This paper is intended to look at the theories of translation and the theories of translation and the existing translation of scientific texts, and in a more detailed manner, of journal-article abstracts which belong to this text type The knowledge, skills and experiences gained is then employed to deal with their EnglishVietnamese translation of journal-article abstracts iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS SL: Source language TL: Target language ST: Source text TT: Target text iv TABLE OF CONTENS DECLARATION i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iv TABLE OF CONTENS v PART A - INTRODUCTION 1.Rationale of the study Scope of the study Research question .…………………………………………………….… Aims of the study Methods of the study Organization of the study …………… ……………………………………… ………………… PART B - DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.What is translation? Translation procedures and strategies 2.1 Transference 2.2 Shifts or transpositions Technical translation 3.1 Definitions of technical translation 3.2 Translation method of technical terms Translation of Neologisms 4.1 Definition of Neologisms 4.2 Types of Neologisms and the translation 4.2.1 Old words with new senses 4.2.2 Derived words 4.2.3 Acronyms The translation of non-equivalence at word level 10 v 5.1 Definition and common problems of non- equivalence at word level 10 5.1.1 The SL concept is not lexicalized in the TL 11 5.1.2.The SL is semantically complex 11 5.1.3.Differences in form 11 5.2 Strategies for non – equivalence by professional translators 12 5.2.1 A calque translation 13 5.2.2 Loan word without an explanation 13 5.2.3 Loan transcription 13 Terminology 14 6.1 Definition of terminology 14 6.2.1 Accurateness 15 6.2.2 Systematism 15 6.2.3 Internationalism 16 6.2.4 Nationalism 16 6.2.5 Popularity 16 6.2.6 Creation of terminology 17 6.2.7 The distinction between terms and words 17 Journal-article abstracts…………………………………………… ………… 18 CHAPTER II 20 TERMINOLOGY IN THE TRANSLATION OF SELECTED JOURNAL–ARTICLE ABSTRACTS 20 Classification of terminology in the translation of selected journal-article abstracts 20 1.1 One-word terms and Neologisms 20 1.1.1 One-word terms in the form of verbs 20 1.1.2 One-word terms in the form of nouns 20 CHAPTHER III: 25 SOME STRATEGIES IN THE TRANSLATION OF THE SECLECTED JOURNALARTICLE ABSTRACTS 25 vi Calque / Loan translation 25 Shift or Transposition 28 PART C – CONCLUSION 31 Recapitulation 31 Implications of the study …………………………………………………… 31 Concluding remarks …………………………………………… ………… 32 Limitations of the study……………………… ……………………………… 33 Suggestions for further study 33 APPENDIX I I vii PART A - INTRODUCTION Rationale of the study Translation nowadays plays a more and more important role as a bridge shortening the gaps between two or more languages Whether for daily interaction to entertainment or academic purposes, it is undeniable that bi-lingual text/speech is essential As an introduction and vital part of a research article, journal-article abstract and its translation and the translation of scientific texts in general is a guide to academic readers before the articles itself However, the study of this kind of translation is still limited to individual researches Moreover, in an introductory summary as abstract, many of the concepts, or in other words, terminology cannot be fully explained, therefore, a study into how the translators deal with this matter would be worth looking at This present study has made an attempt to study English-Vietnamese translation of journal-article abstracts which embraces its most important aspects, namely, the translation method of the terminology The study starts with some related concepts in translation to lay the foundation for the research, particularly, the translation methods, procedures and equivalence are of great importance Then, in the main part, the study comes to investigate the translation of selected journal-article abstracts with focus on their terminology and translation strategies The main part deals with the strategies of the translation of scientific texts in general and journal-article abstracts in particular For these listed reasons, the study is focused to study English-Vietnamesetranslation of journal-article abstracts for this MA thesis with the expectation of that the study can contribute to translation theory in general view and translation of journal-article abstracts in particular each scheme, and update them step by step with the best method to quickly find the optimal scheme Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm has achieved much better than previous studies Tóm tắt: Trong báo này, tơi tập trung nguyên cứu toán tối ưu vị trí đặt Gateway đảm bảo thông lượng mạng lưới không dây (MWN) từ đề xuất thuật tốn dựa giải thuật di truyền (GA) để giải toán Bằng cách sinh ngẫu nhiên độc lập vị trí Gateway, tơi tính tốn giá trị hàm mục tiêu cho lược đồ cập nhật chúng bước với phương pháp tốt để tìm lược đồ tối ưu Kết thử nghiệm cho thấy thuất toán đề xuất cho kết tốt nghiên cứu trước Van Hoof (1989, p 126) also uses the term “modulation” as a type of transposition at the global level, applying to categories of thought, not grammatical categories (1989, p 126) In the information technology (IT) English, the adjective “online” composed of the preposition “on” and the noun “line” is defined as “connected to a computer or the Internet” However, it is not translated as “nối mạng”, the equivalent of this definition, but translated as “trực tuyến” composed of the verb “trực” (i.e move straight) and the noun “tuyến” (i.e line) “Trực tuyến”, which implies “move straight through the line to” and so, implies “connected”, is a transposition of thought or modulation Likewise, the adjective “offline” composed of the preposition “off” and the noun “line” is defined as “disconnected from a computer system or the Internet” It, nonetheless, is not translated as “ngắt mạng”, the equivalent of the aforementioned definition, but translated as “ngoại tuyến” composed of the preposition “ngoại” (i.e outside) and the noun “tuyến” (i.e line) “Ngoại tuyến”, which implies “outside the line” and so, implies “not connected”, is another transposition of thought or modulation Abstract: 29 The aims of this research focus on accumulation and transportation of selected heavy metals in thermophilic anearobic co-digestion municipal sewage sludge and organic waste on the laboratory scale Organic waste was collected from market and sewage sludge was collected from Kim Nguu River in Hanoi city Organic waste and sewage sludge were mixed on optimal anaerobic digestion ratio The influent substrate was put into experimental equipment During experiment, some parameters such as pH, EC were measured daily, others parameters such as COD, heavy metals concentration were measured after to days The heavy metals content in influent substrates and effluent substrates were paid more attention in this research Tóm tắt: Trong nghiên cứu tập trung nghiên cứu tích tụ vận chuyển số kim loại nặng trình ổn định bùn thải kết hợp với rác hữu phương pháp lên men nóng qui mơ phịng thí nghiệm Rác thải hữu lựa chọn bùn thải lấy từ hệ thống song thoát nước thành phố địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Rác hữu bùn thải phối trộn với tỷ lệ thích hợp theo hướng tối ưu hóa q trình phân hủy yếm khí Hỗn hợp bùn thải rác hữu đưa vào mơ hình thí nghiệm hoạt động theo kiểu mẻ Trong suốt trình tiến hành thí nghiệm tiêu PH, độ dẫn điện (EC), thể tích khí biogas (Vbiogas) đo hàng ngày, số khác COD tổng, kim loại nặng đo định kỳ theo kế hoạch thực nghiệm Hàm lượng kim loại đầu vào sản phẩm đầu trình xử lý đặc biệt quan tâm nghiên cứu In the above abstract, the word “municipal sewage” is translated “rác hữu cơ” It is the translation procedure: abstract for concrete 30 PART C – CONCLUSION Recapitulation This study on the English–Vietnamese translation of journal-article abstracts ends by a brief summary of the steps taken through strategies and procedures used to in the translation Suggestions for further research should also be available here The study started with an overview of the strategies and procedures to deal with non-equivalence at word level Then it aimed to analyse the translation of journal-article abstracts with regard to the strategies and procedures To achieve the purpose of the study, some journal-article abstracts were selected It can be seen in the study that the translators have used a lot of strategies and procedures in translating journal-article abstracts from English into Vietnamese to achieve the equivalence at word level The study has also showed that though there are a lot of potential problems facing the translators such as non-equivalence, terminology, limited knowledge of science, differences between the two languages Nevertheless, they have come over those problems by using various strategies and scientific translation, among which, the most popular are loan/calque and shift/tranposition Further study on this topic is needed to shed light on many issues which remain unsearched in this thesis Further study should focus on the structural patterns of journal-article abstracts, different types of journal-article abstracts so as to make the study more thorough Implications of the study The findings of the present study have pedagogical implications for the students or teachers of Universities with passion in scientific research The move structure and some linguistic features of research article abstracts should be incorporated into academic writing courses for graduate and postgraduate students to prepare them to participate in the research world In such courses students need to be aware of move structure and some linguistic features of the research article 31 abstracts in economic discipline Such knowledge is essential for them in the course of their study and their academic career There is an apparent mismatch between recommendations in the technical writing literature and actual practice Many handbooks on research paper writing only give a very general description of a journal-article abstract and provide a sample journal-article abstract In order to provide useful instruction on abstract writing to novice writers, they need to show readers how to translate a journal-article abstract and how to realize the terms in journal-article abstracts It is very important that the novice writers need to know not only how to understand a journal-article abstract in any journal of sciences To reach the goal, such information needs to come from corpus-based research findings Therefore, the analysis has been conducted to analyze procedures and rules that are used to translate a journal-article abstracts from English into Vietnamese Conducting remarks The thesis focus on the procedure and equivalence of terminology translation of journal-article abstracts It also clarify how the terms is translated on word level only The calque and shift translation is applied on translation of journal-article abstracts from English into Vietnamese It is hoped that the thesis will be of some use to the translator who are dealing with English -Vietnamese translation of journal-article abtracts Limitations of the study Within the framework of a minor thesis, this thesis only pays attention on some journal-article abstracts in Journal of Science of Hai Phong university, Đà Nẵng and international journal of science And most of them journal-article abstracts are about biology, medicine, journal-article abstracts of Mathematics and information technology And They are written by Vietnamese and they are not famous translators In addition, the thesis has just applied translation methods as well as procedures of 32 Peter Newmark and Vinay and Dabelnet and based on some characters of journalarticle abstracts So, the scope of the thesis is still limited Suggestions for further study Since journal-article abstracts are one of the fundamental fields in science, there will be many interesting things to research Besides research of journal-article abstracts, there are other sections of a journal-article abstracts such as “introduction”, “discussion section” or “method section” , etc So, in the further study, it is possible to expand the scope of the study In addition, we can apply translation methods or procedures of other section in the study to find out a lot of scientific texts which are written by famous translators in different fields 33 REFERENCES English Adiono, M I (1991) The Translation of Scientific Texts from English into Bahasa Indonesia.Unpublished PhD Dissertation.Macquarie University, Sydney Australia Baker, M (1994) In Other Words, a Course Book on Translation Routledge Baker, M (1998) Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies Routledge Bell, R (1991) Translation and Translating Theory and Practice London / New York Longman Berry, 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18 Koller, W (1979) Equivalence in Translation Theory, in Chesterman, A (1989) Readings in Translation Theory, Loimaan Kirjapaino 19 Larson, M.L (1984) Meaning Based Translation University Press of America 20 Microsoft Corporation (1993-2004), Encarta Dictionary Tools 21 Marco, M J L Collocational frameworks in medical research papers: a genre– based study In: English for Specific purposes, vol.19, nº1 Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd., 1999 p 63-86 35 22 New Mark, P (1988a) Approach to Translation Oxford Pengamon 23 New Mark, P (1988b) A Text Book of Translation Prentice Hall International 24 Nida, E A & Taber, C.R (1969) The Theory and Practice of Translation Leiden: E.J.Brill 25 Nguyen Trung Thanh, Pham Luong Hang, Nguyen Van Ket, Truong Thi Lan Anh , Phung Van Phe, Nguyen Thi Hong Gam, Phi Thi Cam Mien (2012) The role of different medium and plant hormones on multiple shoots of Jewel orchids (Anoectochilus setaceus Blume), VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology 28 26 Stuart C (1998), Translation into the second language, Longman, London /New York 27 Tarone, E et al On the Use of Passive and Active Voice in Astrophysics Journal Papers: With Extensions to other Languages and other Fields In: English forSpecific Purposes Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Ltd., 1998 28 Delisle, Jean et al (1999) Terminologie de la traduction Amsterdam: Benjamins 29 Vân, Hoàng Văn (2005), Translation: Theory and Practice, Education Publisher, Hanoi 30 Vinay J P., Darbelnet J (1995), Comparative Stylistics of French and English: a Methodology for Translation, translated by J C Sager and M J Hamel, John Benjamins, Amsterdam / Philadelphia 36 Vietnamese Nguyen, T.A (2000) Tiếng Việt có thái bị động không?, Tạp chí Ngôn ngữ số 5 Nguyen, M.T (1986) Vai trò “được”, “bị” câu bị động tiếng Việt Hà Nội: Viện ngôn ngữ học Vân, Hoàng Văn (2002) Ngữ pháp kinh nghiệm cú tiếng Việt – Mô tả theo quan điểm chức hệ thống, Hà Nội: KHXH Vân, Hoàng Văn (2005) Nghiên cứu dịch thuật Hà Nội: KHXH Vân , Hoàng Văn (1998) Cấ u trúc của cụm danh từ tiế ng Anh và tiế ng Viê ̣t Nôi san ngoại ngữ số – 1998, trường ĐHNN - ĐHQGHN Vân , Hồng Văn (1998) Mơ hình di ̣ch thuật chức ̣ thố ng và ứng dụng dịch thuật Nơ ̣i san ngoa ̣i ngữ số – 1998, trường ĐHNN – ĐHQGHN Vân , Hồng Văn (1998) Mợt sớ vấ n đề có liên quan đế n cụm danh từ từ tiế ng Anh sang tiế ng Viê ̣t Nô ̣i san ngoa ̣i ngữ số ĐHQGHN 37 – 1998, trường ĐHNN – APPENDIX I The role of different medium and plant hormones on multiple shoots of Jewel orchids (Anoectochilus setaceus Blume) Nguyen Trung Thanh, Pham Luong Hang, Nguyen Van Ket, Truong Thi Lan Anh , Phung Van Phe, Nguyen Thi Hong Gam, Phi Thi Cam Mien VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology 28 Abstract: Use of Anoectochilus setaceus species have increased in the past few years due to the antidepressant and antiviral activities found in extracts of those plants As a result of its potential as a pharmaceutical, a new system was developed for in vitro culture of this species The goal of this investigation was to produce multiple shoot via in vitro techniques for Anoectochilus setaceus The basal MS and Knud medium were tested and shown to be equally suitable of them for shoot culture of A setaceus Other cultures were initiated from shoots inoculated onto MS medium supplemented individually with six different concentrations of 6- Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Kinetin (Kn) The highest number of shoots was obtained on medium supplemented with 0.6 mg l-1 BAP (3.8 shoot/explant) Out of all the investigated concentrations of Kn, the best result was obtained on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l-1 Kn (3.2 shoot/explant) Keywords: Jewel orchids (Anoectochilus setaceus), plant hormones, the multiple shoot induction Tóm tắt: Lan kim tuyến (Anoectochilus setaceus Blume) loại thảo dược có giá trị kinh tế cao khả chữa trị bệnh ung thư, chống tăng huyết áp, lưu thông khí huyết, kháng khuẩn, v.v Trong năm qua Việt Nam, loài Lan kim tuyến bị thu hái với số lượng lớn để bán thuốc xuất nên chúng có nguy đe dọa mạnh, bị tuyệt chủng ngồi tự nhiên khơng có biện pháp bảo tồn hữu hiệu Hiện nay, Lan kim tuyến xếp nhóm I IA Nghị định 32/2006/CP, nhóm thực vật nguy cấp EN A1a,c,d Sách đỏ Việt Nam (2007, phần thực vật) Để bảo tồn nguồn gen quý này, tiến hành phân lập nuôi cấy Hai môi trường MS Knud dùng để nhân nhanh chồi, kết sau tuần nuôi cấy, số lượng chồi bất định hình thành phát triển tốt cả2 loại môi trường Hai loại cytokinin (BAP Kin) bổ sung vào môi trường rắn MS để nghiên cứu khả tạo chồi hình thành rễ bất định, kết thu mơi trường MS có bổ sung 0.6 mg/l BAP thích hợp cho hình thành chồi bất định với 3,8 chồi/mẫu cấy, Kin thu nồng độ cao 1.0 mg/l số lượng chồi thu 3,2 chồi/mẫu cấy Thể chồi mập, xanh, xuất số lông tơ từ gốc thể chồi II Fast pattern-matching techniques for packet filtering Nhường Lê Đắc (2012) Hai Phong fournal of Sciences,Vol.8, No.3 Abstract: The Next Generation Network (NGN) with the ability to integrate multiple services on the same shared infrastructure has been a new development trend of telecom sector in the world and Vietnam When business environments are increasingly complex and competitive, the quality of services (QoS) has become the key to success, leading to the increasing demand to possess new high speed media services with lots of gadgets every time and everywhere Since network speed depends on the processing of time packets in the routers, the processing of content packets at high speed has become very important in network security, network monitoring and load balancing In this paper we generalize and apply techniques from pattern matching to develop high performance packet ring systems that can be used in a variety of applications such as intrusion detection systems and network monitors based on automata model In this paper, we will analyze the requirements of memory space and complexity of some packet contents pattern- matching using the automata model in the traditional network From this we evaluate the improvements in the packet contents pattern-matching for the multi services environments of next-generation network The algorithm aims to minimize the matching time and space requirements of the generated packet filtering system using pattern matching in NGN services Tóm tắt: Mạng hệ (NGN- Next Generation Network) với khả tích hợp nhiều dịch vụ sở hạ tầng chung xu hướng phát triển ngành viễn thông giới Việt Nam Khi môi trường kinh doanh ngày phức tạp mang tính cạnh tranh cao chất lượng dịch vụ (QoSQuality of Services) trở thành chìa khóa cho thành cơng Điều đồng III nghĩa với nhu cầu sở hữu dịch vụ truyền thông tốc độ cao với nhiều tiện ích lúc, nơi không ngừng tăng lên Bản chất tốc độ mạng phụ thuộc nhiều vào thời gian xử lý gói tin Router Vì thế, việc xử lý nội dung gói tin với tốc độ cao trở nên quan trọng an ninh mạng, giám sát mạng cân tải Trong báo này, phân tích yêu cầu không gian nhớ độ phức tạp số kỹ thuật so khớp nội dung gói tin dùng mơ hình ơtơmat dựa mẫu (Patterns) mạng truyền thống Từ đánh giá cải tiến mơ hình so khớp nội dung gói tin cho mơi trường đa dịch vụ mạng hệ IV New genertic Algorithm applied to optimize gateway placement in WirelessMesh Network, Nhường Lê Đắc.(2012) Hai Phong fournal of Sciences ,Vol.4, No.2 Abstract: In this paper, I study the challenging problem of optimizing gateway placement for throughput in Wireless Mesh Networks (MWN) and propose a novel algorithm based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) for it By generating the locations of gateway randomly and independently, I calculate the fitness value of each scheme, and update them step by step with the best method to quickly find the optimal scheme Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm has achieved much better than previous studies Tóm tắt: Trong báo này, tập trung nguyên cứu toán tối ưu vị trí đặt Gateway đảm bảo thơng lượng mạng lưới khơng dây (MWN) từ đề xuất thuật toán dựa giải thuật di truyền (GA) để giải toán Bằng cách sinh ngẫu nhiên độc lập vị trí Gateway, tính toán giá trị hàm mục tiêu cho lược đồ cập nhật chúng bước với phương pháp tốt để tìm lược đồ tối ưu Kết thử nghiệm cho thấy thuất toán đề xuất cho kết tốt nghiên cứu trước V Accumulation and transpotation of selected heavy metalsin thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of municipal sewage sludge and organic waste Cao Vũ Hưng, Bùi Duy Cam, Trịnh Lê Hùng, Bạch Quang Dũng (2013) VNU fournal of Natural Sciences and Technology, Vol 29, No Abstract: The aims of this research focus on accumulation and transportation of selected heavy metals in thermophilic anearobic co-digestion municipal sewage sludge and organic waste on the laboratory scale Organic waste was collected from market and sewage sludge was collected from Kim Nguu River in Hanoi city Organic waste and sewage sludge were mixed on optimal anaerobic digestion ratio The influent substrate was put into experimental equipment During experiment, some parameters such as pH, EC were measured daily, others parameters such as COD, heavy metals concentration were measured after to days The heavy metals content in influent substrates and effluent substrates were paid more attention in this research Tóm tắt: Trong nghiên cứu tập trung nghiên cứu tích tụ vận chuyển số kim loại nặng trình ổn định bùn thải kết hợp với rác hữu phương pháp lên men nóng qui mơ phịng thí nghiệm Rác thải hữu lựa chọn bùn thải lấy từ hệ thống sơng nước thành phố địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội Rác hữu bùn thải phối trộn với tỷ lệ thích hợp theo hướng tối ưu hóa q trình phân hủy yếm khí Hỗn hợp bùn thải rác hữu đưa vào mơ hình thí nghiệm hoạt động theo kiểu mẻ Trong suốt trình tiến hành thí nghiệm tiêu PH, độ dẫn điện (EC), thể tích khí biogas (Vbiogas) đo hàng ngày, số khác COD tổng, kim loại nặng đo định kỳ theo kế hoạch thực nghiệm Hàm lượng kim loại đầu vào sản phẩm đầu trình xử lý đặc biệt quan tâm nghiên cứu VI ... the translation of EnglishVietnamese of journal- article abstracts This chapter looks at some strategies professional translators employ to translate the selected English- Vietnamese journal- article. .. ENGLISH- VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF SELECTED JOURNAL? ? ?ARTICLE ABSTRACTS Classification of terminology in the translation of selected journal- article abstracts Terminology in the selected abstracts can... only pays attention on some journal- article abstracts in Journal of Science of Hai Phong university, Đà Nẵng and international journal of science And most of them journal- article abstracts are about