Lesson Regulatory and spectrum aspects of 5G and IoT/M2M

Lesson Regulatory and spectrum aspects of 5G and IoT/M2M Unique characteristics of Indian telecom industry; machine to machine (M2M) communications-trends; IoT/M2M applications; IoT in healthcare; IoT in financial services...

Regulatory and Spectrum Aspects of 5G and IoT/M2M Syed Tausif Abbas Telecom Regulatory Authority of India IoT/M2M Unique Characteristics of Indian Telecom Industry Enormous Size Internet Penetration Approximately 1.32 billion people in India § § Country divided in to 22 licence service areas § § Total 1,191.40 Million connections § Teledensity around 91.20 Wireless Penetration § Wireless subscribers: 1,169.29 Million § Total Internet Subscribers: 560 Million Urban Internet Subscribers per 100 population: 88.26 Rural Internet Subscribers per 100 population: 21.76 Very competitive Pricing § § Urban Teledensity: 156.23 § Rural Teledensity: 58.49 Data Usage of Mobile Users § Data Usage per subscriber per month – GSM (2G+3G+4G LTE+CDMA): 8.32 GB Telecom Financial Data § § Very Competitive Market Tariffs are amongst lowest in the world § Gross Revenue during the quarter: Rs 57,827 Crore § ARPU: Rs 72.50 Source: TRAI’s performance indicator report () the • • Machine to Machine (M2M) Communicatio ns -Definition • • Machine to Machine (M2M) refers to technologies that allow both wireless and wired systems to communicate with other devices of the same ability M2M uses a device (such as a sensor or meter) to capture an event, which is relayed through a network (wireless, wired or hybrid) to an application, that translates the captured event into meaningful information Machines can be connected through host of media depending upon the requirements e.g wired, wireless (Wi-FI, Bluetooth, 2G/3G/4G, PLC, Satellite etc.) M2M is a subset of Internet of Things (IoT) IoT comprises M2M and H2M (Human to Machine) communication  Machine to Machine  (M2M)  Communications ­Trends Ø Ø Ø Global M2M connections have increased  with 37.6% CAGR annually for the last  five years.  By 2020 it is expected that the number of  connected M2M devices could be  anywhere from 20 billion to 100 billion In India, the Government’s vision of  setting up 100 smart cities, Intelligent  transport system, Digital India program  etc is expected to ignite proliferation of  M2M communication market in India •According to the Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications (BEREC)’s report, current M2M services broadly share some of the following characteristics: Characteristic s of IoT/M2M Services • Fully automatic communication of data from remote devices (or with limited human intervention) • Relatively simple devices that can either be static (e.g smart meters) or mobile (e.g M2M devices integrated in connected cars) • Low volume traffic, often with sporadic or irregular patterns However, IoT/M2M applications have already emerged and/or might emerge in the future that transmits data in greater volumes, especially if demand for video-based services increases (e.g automatic analysis of surveillance video streams, alarm systems) • • Characteristic s of IoT/M2M Services • • IoT/M2M services require connectivity though connectivity accounts for a relatively low proportion of the overall revenue opportunity in the M2M value chain Many M2M services are provided via devices designed and produced for the world market and for usage based on global mobility Many M2M devices are designed to have a lifetime of many years and may be installed within equipment or infrastructure that itself has a long lifetime Therefore, the cost of replacement may be relatively high In most cases, the business model is B2B, even if devices may be aimed at consumers (B2B2C) The business model is usually not B2C IoT/M2M Layers There are different ways in which IoT/M2M  services could be implemented:  Ø Different connectivity technologies may be  Implementation of  IoT/M2M used and, in the case of wireless services,  different spectrum bands may be used.  Ø M2M services may use different protocols  to deliver their data. They may be based on  the IP protocol but could also use SMS,  USSD and/or automatic calls.  Ø An M2M device is addressed via an  identifier (e.g. number(s), IP­address).  However, not all M2M devices need global  identifiers (e.g. those that are not  connected to public networks).  World’s eight leading Standards Development Organizations  (SDOs) have formed a partnership to develop specifications to  ensure the global functionality of M2M, allowing a range of  industries to effectively utilize the M2M technology.  oneM2M is the partnership of the following major ICT SDOs: M2M  Standards Ø Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) Ø Telecommunication Technology Committee (TTC) of  Japan Ø Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions  (ATIS) Ø Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) of the  USA Ø China Communications Standards Association (CCSA) Ø European Telecommunications Standards Institute  (ETSI) Ø Telecommunications Technology Association (TTA) of  Korea Ø Telecom Standards Development Society – India  (TSDSI) IoT/M2M Applications INDUSTRY/ VERTICAL M2M APPLICATIONS Automotive / Vehicle tracking, e-call, V2V and V2I applications, traffic control, Navigation, Infotainment, Fleet management, asset tracking, manufacturing and logistics Transportation Utilities / Energy Smart metering, smart grid, Electric line monitoring, gas / oil / water pipeline monitoring Health care Remote monitoring of patient after surgery (e-health), remote diagnostics, medication reminders, Tele-medicine, wearable health devices Safety & Surveillance Women Safety Bands, Commercial and home security Surveillance applications, Fire alarm, Police / medical alert Financial /Retail Point of sale (POS), ATM, Kiosk, Vending machines, digital signage and handheld terminals Public Safety Highway, bridge, traffic management, homeland security, police, fire and emergency services Smart City Intelligent transport System, Waste management, Street Light control system, Water distribution, Smart Parking Agriculture Remotely controlled irrigation pump, Remote Monitoring of Soil Data 10 monitoring, Unlicensed  spectrum Ø Ø Ø TEC’s report on “Spectrum requirement  for PLC and low power RF  communications” projects a spectrum  requirement of 10­12 MHz for low power  RF devices V­band is a strong candidate band which  is de­licensed in many countries. TRAI has  also recommended for its delicensing TRAI earmarked several Sub­GHz bands  in it’s Consultation Paper for  consideration for IoT/M2M deployment 26 27 Work in  ITU­R on  IMT­2020  and MTC  Ø At the global level, deliberations on licensed spectrum as well  as unlicensed spectrum suitable for M2M communications is  under progress.  Ø In WRC­15 this issue was extensively deliberated and  discussed in WP5D of ITU­R during WRC­15 cycle.  Ø The outcome was Recommendation ITU­R  M.2083­0 which   is on “IMT Vision – Framework and overall objectives of  the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond”.  Ø Based on this vision document and work in Working Party  5D (WP5D), WRC­15 decided to study the spectrum needs of  IMT­2020 (commonly known as 5G) vide Agenda Item 1.13  (of WRC­19) Resolution 238.  Ø Similarly, MTC (Machine Type Communication – commonly  referred to as M2M/IoT) requirements were also needed to  be studied by WP5D vide Agenda item 9.1.8 (of WRC­19)  in  the Annex to Resolution 958 28 Work in  ITU­R on  IMT­2020  and MTC  Ø Conference Preparatory Meeting (CPM­01) of  WRC­19 decided to create a focus group under  Study Group 5 to create relevant CPM text  regarding spectrum identification for IMT­2020.  Ø This focus group has been named as Task Group 5/1  (TG5/1).  Ø Based on the work plan decided for MTC studies by  WP5D, it is learnt that the work on technical  requirements and frequency requirements will start  from June 2017 meeting onwards keeping 30th  Meeting of WP5D (June 2018) as target meeting to  finalize its input and submitting them to CPM.  Ø Some work on identification of spectrum for  MTC/IoT/M2M will also commence from 27th  Meeting of WP5D (June 2017) 29 • • • Spectrum for M2M communications • • Option1: Allocate dedicated spectrum for M2M services Option 2: There is no need for dedicated spectrum for M2M services as existing spectrum allocated to TSPs can be used For short range communication from devices to access point, it is better to use unlicensed spectrum to encourage the device eco-system NB-IoT • • Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) radio technology standard developed by 3GPP to enable a wide range of cellular devices and services The specification was frozen in 3GPP Release 13 (LTE Advanced Pro), in June 2016 Other 3GPP IoT technologies include eMTC (enhanced Machine-Type Communication) and EC-GSM-IoT NB-IoT focuses specifically on indoor coverage, low cost, long battery life, and high connection density NBIoT uses a subset of the LTE standard, but limits the bandwidth to a single narrow-band of 200kHz It uses OFDM modulation for downlink communication and SC-FDMA for uplink communications.30 LTE-M • • LTE-M, industry shorthand for “Long-Term Evolution (LTE) machine-type communications (MTC),” is a LPWA technology standard introduced by 3GPP in Release 13 As described by the GSMA, it is a 5G technology that supports simplified device complexity, massive connection density, low device power consumption, low latency and it provides extended coverage, while allowing the reuse of the LTE installed base LTE-M deployment can be done “in-band” within a normal LTE carrier, or “standalone” in a dedicated spectrum It leverages LTE spread spectrum technology, which is free It serves a broad set of use cases providing an attractive option31 for device EC-GSM-IoT • • EC-GSM-IoT stands for Extended Coverage GSM IoT This is a low-power wide area (LPWA) cellular technology based on eGPRS and designed as a high capacity, long range, low energy cellular system for IoT applications EC-GSM-IoT can be deployed on existing GSM networks with a simple software update This will allow for EC-GSM-IoT networks to co-exist with 2G, 3G, and 4G mobile networks It will also benefit from all the security and privacy mobile network features, such as support for user identity confidentiality, entity authentication, confidentiality, data integrity, and mobile equipment identification Since this technology can be activated by a simple software update on existing GSM networks, deployment will be very easy and will be32able to have Role of policy makers in emerging markets for promoting IoT adoption • • • Although forecasts indicate a significant opportunity in the field of IoT, this industry is still in a nascent stage The IoT ecosystem is composed of a large number of diverse players, deploying innovative services across different networks, technologies and devices Providing clarity and consistency of regulation for equivalent services, as well as policies that enable growth, will play a significant role in fully capturing its opportunity to stimulate this market 33 National Telecom Policy-2012 has recognized the concept and potential of IoT/M2M communication 34 • In 2015, DeitY released a 'Draft Policy on Internet of Things' which focuses on the following objectives: (1) (2) POLICIES AND INITIATIVE S (1/2) (3) (4) (•) (•) To create an IoT industry in India of USD 15 billion by 2020 To undertake capacity development (Human & Technology) for IoT specific skill-sets for domestic and international markets To undertake Research & development for all the assisting technologies To develop IoT products specific to Indian needs in all possible domains In May 2015, DoT prepared the “National Telecom M2M Roadmap” with the aim to have interoperable standards, policies and regulations in the country TEC of DoT has come out with technical reports on M2M detailing sector specific requirements/use cases to carry out gap analysis and future action plans with possible models of service delivery POLICIES AND INITIATIVES (2/2) • • • • • • • Separate 13 Digit M2M Mobile Numbering Plan has been finalized for SIM based M2M devices DoT in consultation with stakeholders has been working to finalize KYC/subscriber verification criteria in M2M scenario In May 2016, DoT has issued draft guidelines for registration mechanism for M2M Service Providers DoT has constituted an Apex body on M2M incorporating participation from Ministries and other Govt departments In order to bring M2M industry concerns and regulatory bottlenecks to the notice of Apex body, DoT has constituted M2M Consultative Committee incorporating representatives from Standardising bodies and sectoral industry representative bodies In order to support implementation of actionable points evolved from National Telecom M2M Roadmap, M2M Review Committee has been formed by DoT In May 2018, DoT issued instructions for implementing restrictive features for SIMs used only for M2M communication services (M2M SIMs) and related KYC instructions for issuing M2M SIMs to entity /organization providing M2M communication services under bulk category and instructions for embedded-SIMs (e-SIMs) • (•) TRAI’s ROLE SO FAR (•) DoT in January 2016, sought the recommendations of TRAI on three aspects 36 related to M2M communications (1) Quality of Service (2) Roaming Requirements (3) Spectrum Requirements TRAI issued CP in October 2016 titled “Spectrum, Roaming and QoS related requirements in Machine-to-Machine (M2M) Communications’ raising specific issues for consideration of stakeholders In addition to these three issues, TRAI had also taken up other important issues to address viz (1) (5) (•) Licensing mechanism to license/authorise/register M2M Service Provider Security & Privacy challenges in M2M communication (6) Device certification (7) eUICC TRAI issued its recommendations related to M2M communications on 5th September 2017 should be uniquely addressed while deliberating on the M2M regulatory framework Therefore, TRAI has unbundled each layer of M2M ecosystem and has 37 provided recommendations accordingly • TRAI’s RECOMMENDATI ONS (1/2) • • For connectivity layer, TRAI has recommended to permit existing TSPs, ISPs and other connectivity providers like UL (VNOs) to provide M2M connectivity with just amendments in their licensing agreements And for connectivity providers using unlicensed band, TRAI has recommended to a have light touch regulation A registration process is recommended for connectivity providers using PAN/WAN for commercial purposes UL (M2M), a new authorisation under UL is recommended for connectivity providers rolling out LPWAN networks For M2M service provider, TRAI is in agreement with DoT, to mandate MSPs to register with government under M2M service providers Registration It may help them to boost their business globally, as registration will provide them recognition as a registered entity with Government of India For critical applications in which any variation in QoS, latency or availability, can cause substantial damage to customers, TRAI has recommended that these services should be identified and mandated to be provided by connectivity provider using licensed spectrum only 38 • • TRAI’s RECOMMENDATI ONS (2/2) • • For manufacturing/ importing of M2M devices in India, TRAI has recommended the government to issue comprehensive guidelines TRAI has also recommended to create National Trust Centre (NTC), under the aegis of TEC, for the certification of M2M devices and applications (hardware and software) Considering the need to have more spectrum for access services due to likely high influx of connected devices owing to M2M/IoT services, TRAI has recommended to have additional delicensed spectrum in 800 & 900 MHz band Related to roaming, TRAI has recommended that National roaming for M2M/ IoT shall be under forbearance and International roaming in M2M shall be allowed under the well recognized framework of GSMA ‘M2M Annex’ to keep uniformity of the parameters and processes On the issue of Data Protection in M2M sector, since a consultation paper was issued on 9th August, 2017, on "Privacy, Security and ownership of Data in telecom sector", TRAI in its recommendations have mentioned that after due deliberation, a comprehensive recommendations on Data Protection will be issued • • • • • • • Inclusive growth leveraging digital ecosystem Transform India into a Digital Economy Promote Local manufacturing of Digital Infrastructure and devices Enabling regulatory environment which foster growth Empowering citizens with knowledge on e-Government and services Increased Accountability of government enabled services Capacity building and Technology incubation IoT in India: The way Forward 39 THANK YOU 40 ... replenishment of cash based on usage volumes Spectrum? ?bands suitable for  IoT/M2M? ?communications 22 23 Spectrum? ?for  IoT/M2M? ? communications  Ø M2M is based on the use? ?of? ?both the licensed  and? ?the unlicensed? ?spectrum. .. deployment around the world due to its efficiency? ?and? ? propagation characteristics Ø In one? ?of? ?its recommendations TRAI has recommended  the adoption? ?of? ?3GPP Band­28? ?of? ?APT700 band plan for  700 MHz (698­806 MHz)? ?spectrum? ?band with FDD based ... There are different ways in which? ?IoT/M2M? ? services could be implemented:  Ø Different connectivity technologies may be  Implementation? ?of? ? IoT/M2M used? ?and,  in the case? ?of? ?wireless services,  different? ?spectrum? ?bands may be used.