Lesson Regulatory and spectrum aspects of 5G technology present 5G technology; mobile wireless generati; spectrum bands used for 4G in India; overview of timeline for imt development and deployment....
Re g ulato ry and S pe c trum As pe c ts o f 5G Te c hno lo g y S T Abbas Advisor (NSL), Telecom Regulatory Authority of India 5G Technology Mobile Wireless Generations Upcoming Fifth Generation(5G) 11/3/20 11/3/20 The 1st Generation Technology( G) § Analogue Radio Transmission Technology § Focus on voice § Data services almost non-existent § Speed upto 2.4 kbps § Incompatible standards (like AMPS,NTT) § International roaming impossible § No commercialization § Low Capacity, Unreliable Handoff & Security Issues The 2nd Generation Technolog y (2G) 11/3/20 The 3rd Generation Technology (3G) 11/3/20 The 4th Generation Technology(4G ) 11/3/20 Spectrum bands used for 4G in India • • LTE ecosystem is now available in all IMT frequency bands from 700 MHz to 3.6 GHz However, in India the Telecom Service Providers are presently using the following bands for providing 4G LTE services: • 800 MHz • 900 MHz • 1800 MHz • 2100 MHz • 2300 MHz • 2500 MHz 4G in India • • • • • All the Telecom Service providers in India are providing extensive 4G services We are getting the data download speed maximum upto 10 Mbps with average download speed at 6.5 Mbps on the existing 4G network 4G LTE network works on end to end IP protocol with Evolved Packet Core (EPC) as IP Core Therefore, Voice over LTE (VoLTE) protocol is used to provide voice services over 4G LTE network When the signal strength of 4G network is low, the voice call falls back on existing 3G and 2G network of the operator, which is called Circuit Switched Fallback (CS Fallback) option 11/3/20 Evolution to 5G 10 Key 5G Spectrum : High Frequencies US 27.528.35 GHz Egypt, Bahrain, Russia 24.25 27.5 GHz Korea, Brazil, Sweden 26.5 – 29.5 GHz Additional spectrum bands under consideration Ko re a, Brazil, S we de n Glo bal Pre fe rre d fo r 5G Glo bal 24.25 GHz 26.5 GHz 27.5 GHz US 28.35 GHz 29.5 GHz mmWave bands to be decided in WRC-19 700 MHz, 3.5 GHz, 26/28 GHz are the 5G pioneer bands Currently used bands for IMT 5G Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) • • FWA also offers an opportunity to double the impact of a 5G deployment by addressing the two prominent 5G use cases – MBB and fixed wireless – simultaneously The 5G beams that serve mobile users outdoors during the daytime can be redirected to an FWA terminal when people return home in the evening, thereby strengthening the case for 5G deployment and its outlook as an affordable and sustainable technology Verizon 5G Homes • • Verizon’s 5G fixed wireless access (FWA) services called Verizon 5G Home was commercially launched in October 2018 in US markets User can expect ultrafast internet speeds of around 300 Mbps using the new 5G Home service and depending on the location, maximum speeds up to 940 Mbps Regulatory challenges for 5G • Spectrum Harmonization • RoW for Small cell deployment • Availability of Backhaul • Licensing Issues • Network Security & QoS • • • Identification of spectrum for 5G • • • • 5G requires access to spectrum in a variety of bands to support the multitude of use cases The bands can be sub-divided in three macro categories: sub-1 GHz, 1-6 GHz and above GHz (millimeter wave) 3GPP has identified various bands as 5G NR bands in these three macro categories Among them, 700MHz, 3.5 GHz and 26/28 GHz are the pioneer bands The low band (700 MHz) and mid band (3.5 GHz) have already been identified in India for IMT services In 5G vision, the spectrum availability is one of the most important issues In order to realize the potential of 5G technology; it is important to estimate how much spectrum is required in India for coverage, capacity, performance and connections for all 5G use cases till 2020 and beyond Sufficient amount of harmonized spectrum needs to be allotted for 5G technologies in order to promote innovations in this field RoW for Small Cell Deployment • • • • • To provide high system capacity and high per-user data rates, 5G network will require densification of the radio access network By increasing the number of cells, the traffic handling capacity per square-meter can be increased without requiring a corresponding increase in the traffic handling capacity per network node Coming down from the macro tower, operators are deploying small cells and other integrated radio/antenna units for driving network densification and preparing to deliver 5G Getting RoW at reasonable prices as well as in a reasonable period of time is a prerequisite for deploying small cell The local authorities generally take a long time in granting permission for RoW and, in a number of cases; TSPs have to approach multiple agencies for obtaining RoW clearance This issue needs to be addressed at the earliest then only TSPs will be able to enhance their network and provide 5G services in India together with global launch • Availability of Backhaul Spectrum • • • Challenge of providing backhaul from the small cell to the core network is one of the major factors holding up the proliferation of small cells Though Optical Fiber is the most preferred medium for the backhaul, availability of Optical Fiber in the country is still inadequate Majority of the traffic from macro cells are still backhauled to core network through Microwave only Microwave does not have the matching capacity of Optical Fiber However, it is cheaper, scalable and a highly reliable option and can be deployed quickly Therefore, it is the dominating backhaul technology in the majority of cell sites in the pre-aggregation segment of backhaul E-Band Spectrum • • • • • More spectrum is required not just for radio access, but for microwave backhaul as well There is a need to augment the backhaul capacity requirements to cater high throughput needs that will be generated by roll-out of future technologies A good 5G network cannot be expected unless we have a high capacity backhaul Regulators world over are opening up higher frequency bands, such as V-band (60GHz) and E-band (70/80 GHz) to satisfy the high-capacity backhaul requirements of future networks TRAI through its Recommendations dated 29th August 2014 on “Allocation and pricing of Microwave Access (MWA) and Microwave Backbone (MWB) RF carriers” has recommended that E-band (71-76 paired with 81-86GHz) should be on light-licensing and allocated at very nominal price on ‘link to link basis’ The industry analysts believes that once E-band gets open in India with lowspectrum fee approach, like in most countries, India will become the world’s largest E-band market • Licensing issues • • As the technology is changing, new services are opening up and new use cases are blooming rapidly across the various Industry verticals It may be a situation, wherein the existing licensing and regulatory norms may not be explicitly supporting/permitting such new services/use cases It is important to figure out the changes required on the licensing/regulatory regime to not only permit or support but also facilitate the proliferation of new services and new use cases Some key licensing issuesØ Deployment of network elements on the Cloud Ø Security over cloud Ø Sharing of active & passive infrastructure Ø Sectoral regulation • • Secure Telecom Network • • • With the advent of 5G technologies, mass scale of deployment is expected in the areas of IoT and M2M communication The proliferation of IoT and M2M will have a significant impact on our personal lives as well as in the industries Voluminous data is being generated whenever a user comes in contact with these digital eco-system Since data is ubiquitous in the world today; the issue of protection of personal data of the users is a matter of deep concern for everyone It is imperative that the digital platforms used today are secure and should ensure confidentiality, integrity and authenticity This will instill a feeling of security amongst the citizens and will motivate them to use the networks without the fear of their data and information getting compromised Since large portion of data flows through the telecom networks, it is necessary to examine the issue of privacy and security of data in telecom networks and the measures that need to be adopted to ensure the privacy and security of data of telecom consumers In this regard, TRAI has issued recommendations on 16th July 2018 on "Privacy security and Ownership of data in the Telecom sector" • QoS in 5G Network • • • • Network functions virtualization (NFV)-based 5G networks have promised very high quality of service (QoS) levels We can expect high speed/throughput, high reliability, low latency, increased capacity, availability and connectivity, and dynamic bandwidth allocation from the 5G cloud radio access networks (RAN) and NFV core networks To achieve these ambitious QoS values there is tremendous work being done on 5G MIMO antennas, 5G Cloud RAN and the NFV core network Further, the technique which is unique to 5G helps in achieving the QoS guarantees to a large extent is slicing of 5G network functions (RAN and Core) so that network and service resources can be dedicated and negotiated (scaling in, scaling out) dynamically Software Defined Network (SDN) also helps in delivering the desired QoS THANK YOU ... Use Case category 5G use cases and related KPIs 4G Broadband vs 5G Broadband 5G internet is up to 20x faster than 4G LTE speeds 5G Enablers • new bands (3.5 GHz, mmWave) • large bandwidth to support... Availability of Backhaul • Licensing Issues • Network Security & QoS • • • Identification of spectrum for 5G • • • • 5G requires access to spectrum in a variety of bands to support the multitude of use... GHz and 26/28 GHz are the pioneer bands The low band (700 MHz) and mid band (3.5 GHz) have already been identified in India for IMT services In 5G vision, the spectrum availability is one of the