Establish an anaerobic batch system by using guideline VDI 4630 and determine the biogas yield of different substrates in food processing villages

VNUUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCE-TECHNICALUNIVERSITYOFDRESDEN - ® Bui Dieu Linh ESTABLISH AN ANAEROBIC BATCH SYSTEM BY USING GUIDELINE VDI 4630 AND DETERMINE THE BIOGAS YIELD OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES IN FOOD PROCESSING VILLAGES MASTER THESIS Hanoi - 2011 VNUUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCE-TECHNICALUNIVERSITYOFDRESDEN - ® Bui Dieu Linh ESTABLISH AN ANAEROBIC BATCH SYSTEM BY USING GUIDELINE VDI 4630 AND DETERMINE THE BIOGAS YIELD OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES IN FOOD PROCESSING VILLAGES Major: Waste Management and Contaminated Site Treatment Code: MASTER THESIS SUPERVISORS: ASSOC PROF DR NGUYEN THI DIEM TRANG PROF DR RER NAT DR H.C PETER WERNER Hanoi - 2011 Topic Establish an anaerobic batch system by using guideline VDI 4630 and determine the biogas yield of different substrates in food processing villages Task The first task is to establish an anaerobic batch system in Environmental Chemistry laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Natural Sciences, Hanoi National University by using German guideline - VDI 4630 With this system, different inocula from various sources around Hanoi will be assessed their quality to choose the good one for next experiments with substrates Reference substrate is sodium acetate Substrates as wastes (cassava residues, rice residues, water hyacinth, pig manure) in Dai Lam village - a craft village of wine production and pig breeding will be sampled, prepared and fermented in free-oxygen environment The processing parameters are biogas production, biogas composition (CH and CO2), pH - value, TS (total solids), VS (volatile solids), COD (chemical oxygen demand) The biogas yield (per amount of substrate, per VS of inoculum, per COD of substrate) and the degradability of different substrates will be evaluated Objective The aim of this thesis is from learning the methods of guideline VDI 4630 to establish in practice an anaerobic batch system in the conditions of a Vietnamese laboratory Then it is to control this system to investigate the quality of inocula, the fermentability/ the biogas potential/ the specific biogas activity of different organic wastes from food processing and livestock of a Vietnamese craft village It is also close tied to the one objective of education and technology transfer of INHAND project (project funded by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research of Germany - BMBF; with the project coordinator Institute of Waste Management and Contaminated Site Treatment, Dresden University of Technology) about Integrated management of water, wastewater, waste and energy in craft villages in Vietnam I Contents Contents Contents ……………………………………………………………… II Abbreviations ……………………………………………………………… IV List of figures …………………………………………………………… V List of tables …………………………………………………………… VII Acknowledgements.……………………………………………………… IX Introduction……………………………………………………………… Theoretical Basics………………………………………………………… 2.1 Basics of Anaerobic Digestion……………………………………… 2.1.1 The four stages of decomposition………………………………… 2.1.2 Influence Factors of Digestion…………………………………… 2.1.3 Biogas potential of different substrates…………………………… 13 2.2 End products of fermentation………………………………………… 15 Materials and methods…………………………………………………… 17 3.1 VDI survey about batchtests for biogas yield determination………… 17 3.1.1 Scope and purpose of Fermentation batchtests…………………… 17 3.1.2 Methods of VDI 4630 in detecting the biogas yield……………… 17 3.1.3 Method of VDI 4630 in approaching the batchtests……………… 19 3.2 Analysis method ……………………………………………………… 19 3.2.1 Sampling………………………………………………………… 19 3.2.2 Sample preparation……………………………………………… 23 3.2.3 Determination of parameters: TS, VS, COD, and CH and CO2 II Contents content in biogas………………………………………………… 25 3.3 Experimental procedure……………………………………………… 30 3.3.1 Test condition and batch apparatus……………………………… 30 3.3.2 Method to calculate the biogas production, the biogas yield, the biogas composition, the degree of degradation…………………… 37 Evaluation and discussion of the batch experiments………………… 41 4.1 Activity potential of different inocula………………………………… 41 4.2 Biogas production and biogas composition of different substrates… 47 4.2.1 Biogas yield (mlN/gVSinoculum, mlN/gCODsubstrate, mlN/ g substrate)… 47 4.2.1.1 Biogas yield of trial with inoculum 5……………………… 47 4.2.1.2 Biogas yield of trial with inoculum 5……………………… 50 4.2.1.3 Biogas yield review of different substrates with inoculum 5… 54 4.2.1.4 Biogas yield review of different substrates with inoculum 6… 56 4.2.2 Comparison of biogas yields with theory and literature………… 61 4.2.3 Biogas composition (CH4 and CO2 content)……………………… 64 4.3 Residue of biogas production………………………………………… 66 4.3.1 Degree of degradation of volatile solids………………………… 66 4.3.2 Degree of degradation of total solids…………………………… 69 4.3.3 Degree of degradation of COD total……………………………… 71 4.4 Error analyis……………………………………… 77 Conclusion………………… 80 References………………… 83 Annex- Data records I Statement under oath XI III Abbreviations Abbreviations abs absolute B Blank sample C/ CR Cassava residues sample COD Chemical oxygen demand Inoc Inoculum lN standard liter, volume under normal condition mlN standard milliliter, volume under normal condition P/ PM Pig manure sample R Reference sample RR Rice residues sample SA Sodium acetate SLR Sludge loading rate or sludge loading ratio TS Total solids VS Volatile solids W/ WH Water hyacinth sample IV List of Figures List of Figures Figure 2-1: Four stages of anaerobic degradation (WEILAND, 2003) Figure 3-1: Test apparatus according to DIN EN ISO 11734: Gas volume measurement with a gas pressure measurement instrument (VDI 4630) ………………………………………………… 18 Figure 3-2: Gas volume measurement with a gas pressure measurement instrument (S Meier, 2009) 18 Figure 3-3: Map showing position of Dai Lam village………………… 21 Figure 3-4: Water hyacinth at main sewer… 21 Figure 3-5: Rice residues and cassava residues sampling at households… 22 Figure 3-6: Pig manure at a small swine farm of a household …………… 22 Figure 3-7: Homogenizing cassava residues by blender…………………… 23 Figure 3-8: Homogenizing water hyacinth by blender…………………… 24 Figure 3-9: Filling the bottles by weighing method……………………… 30 Figure 3-10: Closing bottles with silicone stoppers 31 Figure 3-11: Creating the vacuum inside the bottles 31 Figure 3-12: Lovibond conditioning cabinet 32 Figure 3-13: K2000 Pressure table - EXTECH manometer 407910 32 Figure 3-14: MultiLabP4 33 Figure 3-15: MEMMERT drying cabinet 33 Figure 3-16: TDW muffle furnace 33 V List of Figures Figure 3-17: Lovibond ET 108 and MERK spectroquant TR320 block digesters 31 Figure 3-18: PI 722N instrument in measuring COD 34 Figure 3-19: Gas chromatograph Shimadzu GC-2010 34 Figure 4-1: Biogas yield without blank on different inocula [mlN Biogas/ g COD sodium acetate] 44 Figure 4-2: Biogas yield with blank on different inocula [mlN Biogas/ g COD sodium acetate] 45 Figure 4-3: Biogas yield with blank on inoculum of trial [mlN Biogas/ g VS Inoculum] 48 Figure 4-4: Biogas yield without blank on inoculum of trial [mlN Biogas/ g COD substrate] 49 Figure 4-5: Biogas yield with blank on inoculum of trial [mlN Biogas/ g VS Inoculum] 52 Figure 4-6: Biogas yield without blank on inoculum of trial [mlN Biogas/ g COD substrate] 52 Figure 4-7: Biogas yield with blank on inoculum of trial 6-7 [mlN Biogas/ g VS Inoculum] 54 Figure 4-8: Biogas yield without blank on inoculum of trial 6-7 [mlN Biogas/ g COD substrate] 55 Figure 4-9: Biogas yield with blank on inoculum of trial [mlN Biogas/ g VS Inoculum] 58 Figure 4-10: Biogas yield with blank on inoculum of trial [mlN Biogas/ g COD substrate] 59 Figure 4-11: The corrected biogas composition of different samples 65 VI List of Tables List of Tables Table 2-1: Average composition of biogas (FNR, 2005) Table 2-2: Factors influencing the anaerobic degradation (WEILAND, 2001) modified Table 2-3: Micro-nutrients for the anaerobic degradation 10 Table 2-4: Inhibitory concentrations of various elements (WESSELAK, 2009) 11 Table 2-5: Inhibitory concentrations of various heavy metals (WESSELAK, 2009) 12 Table 2-6: Biogas composition and yield of different groups of substances (Biogas Guide 2006) 13 Table 2-7: Properties of renewable resources (FNR, 2005) 14 Table 3-1: Description about sources of six inocula 20 Table 3-2: Description of the batchtests for investigating the quality of six inoculums Table 3-3: 36 Description of the batchtests for investigating the biogas potential of different substrates 37 Table 4-1: Description of the experimental approach and parameters in trials investigating quality of six inocula 42 Table 4-2: Summary of biogas yield without blank and SLR on different inocula 46 Table 4-3: Description of the experimental approach and parameters in trial 47 Table 4-4: Summary of biogas yield and SLR of trial 49 Table 4-5: Description of the experimental approach and parameters in trial 51 VII Conclusion With all above results, this thesis proved great potential of recovery of waste in Vietnam food processing village by biogas production and provided information for the dimensioning and the operation of 3- stage pilot plant to be established in framework of INHAND project The established anaerobic batch system using methods of VDI 4630 guideline in the Environmental Chemistry laboratory - Faculty of Chemistry - Hanoi University of Natural Sciences promises more feasible and more effective studies in the future More studies on improving the efficiency of batch system should be conducted ( eg, flushing bottles with nitrogen; improving measurement method; changing other kind of bottles with fitter bottlenecks; changing other kind of test apparatus, etc) More batch tests should be done to optimize the anaerobic fermentation process, such as finding better biomass supply (better quality inoculum), adjusting the SLR (from 0.20 to 0.50) to decide which rate will win higher biogas yield And it should be noted on a sufficient supply of trace elements for the methane bacteria and the nutrient ratio The biogas yields of other substrates or mixture of substrates as waste in a food processing village would be investigated by more batch tests The methane content of biogas should be determined at regular intervals during the fermentation course to specify the methane activity of different substrates Finally, the fermentation residue should be tested for utilization as safe fertilizer Bui Dieu Linh 82 References References APHA (1999), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewate, the 20th edition, American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation Bischofsberger, W., Dichtl, N., Rosenwinkel, K.-H., Seyfried, C.F., Böhnke, B (2005), Anaerobtechnik, Auflage, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Buswell, A.M und Müller, H.F.(1952), “Mechanism of methane fermentation”, Ind Eng Chem 44, pp 550–552 Boyle, W.C (1976), “Energy recovery from sanitary landfills – a review”, In: Schlegel, H.G und Barnea, S (Hrsg.): Microbial Energy Conversion: Oxford, Pergamon Press Brandenburg, Landesumweltamt (2008), Fachtagung Biogas 2008 Carina C Gunnarsson , Cecilia Mattsson Petersen (2007), “Water hyacinths as a resource in agriculture and energy production:A literature review”, Waste Management, 27, pp 117- 129 Dornack, Ch (2001), Thermophile Vergärung von Mischsubstraten, Dresdner Berichte Nr 18, TU Dresden, Institut für Siedlungs- und Industriewasserwirtschaft Kaltschmitt, M., Hartmann, H Und Hofbauer, H (2009), Energie aus Biomasse: Grundlagen, Techniken und Verfahren, Auflage, S76f s.l : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Faulstich, M (1995), Praxis der biologischen Abfallbehandlung, in Berichte aus Wassergüte und Abfallwirtschaft, Technische Universität München FNR ( 2005), Handreichung Biogasgewinnung und-nutzung, Gülzow, Leizig Gronauer, A et al (2007), Sicherung der Prozessstabilität in landwirtschaftlichen Biogasanlagen, Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft Bui Dieu Linh 83 References Maehnert, P (2007), Kinetik der Biogasproduktion aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und Gülle, Dissertation, S.5 s.l : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 2007 Meier, S Yüceer, S Hinken, L Weichgrebe, D Rosenwinkel, K.-H (2009), Advanced Interpretation of Anaerobic Batch Tests Conclusions for the Practical Operation, Wasserwirtschaftliches Kolloquium – Bioenergie, the Institute for Water Quality and Waste Management, Leibniz University Hannover Roediger H, Roediger M, Kapp H (1990), Anaerobe alkalische Schlammfaulung, Auflage, R Oldenbourg Verlag, München/ Wien Scholwin, F et al (2006), Handreichung Biogasgewinnung und -nutzung, Kap.3 Anlagentechnik zur Biogasbereitstellung, Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe Truong Thanh Trung, Nguyen Van Thu and Joachim Clemens (2009), “Effects of different plants and their replacement levels to pig manure on in vitro biogas production by using syringe and flask systems”, SANSED – PROJECT Final Report, pp 104-110 VDI 4630 (2006), Guideline on Fermentation of organic materials Characterisation of the substrate, sampling,collection of material data, fermentation test, Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, Dusseldort 2006 NormCDStand 2006-06 Germany Weiland, P (2003), Notwendigkeit der Biogasaufbereitung, Ansprüche einzelner Nutzungsrouten und Stand der Technik Wesselak, V und Schabbach, T (2009), Regenerative Energietechnik, S 368 s.l : Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Bui Dieu Linh 84 Annex – Data records Annex Data record of batch fermentation test - Trial Inoculum Inoculum (blank) Substrate: 53.367[g/L] 38.707[g/L] 78066.67 [mg/L] TS VS COD [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] [g] TS VS COD pH (input, output) Temperature 110.05 0.00 162 768.1 272.29 496 4.26 0.00 [g/g] 0.00 Trial Inoculum Substrate Water Total Volume Bottle Total Sum Headspace VS Inoculum COD Substrate SLR (g COD Subs / g VS Inoc.) time [dd.mm.yy] 25/7/11 19:30 26/7/11 8:16 26/7/11 10:15 26/7/11 12:00 26/7/11 14:00 Bui Dieu Linh delta t [h] 0.00 12.77 14.75 16.50 18.50 7.40 7.20 [-] 37.0[°C] 111.01 0.00 161 768.28 272.50 496 4.30 0.00 0.50 0.54 0.55 0.56 0.57 Substrate: Cassava residues 1, Substrate: Water Hyacinth 1, [g/L] 1092.5[g/L] 163.875[g/L] TS VS COD 120.9[g/L] 110.2[g/L] 161.875[g/L] TS VS COD [g/L] [g/L] 10.403[g/L] pH (output) 7.60 [-] pH (output) 6.50[-] pH (output) 7.80[-] Temperature 110.10 7.05 152 765.31 269.36 496 4.26 1.16 37.0[°C] Temperature 110.05 7.86 152.87 765.0 270.78 494 4.26 1.27 37.0[°C] 110.02 7.55 155.26 768.5 272.83 496 4.26 1.22 Temperature 110.03 111.39 53.68 771.4 275.10 496 4.26 1.16 37.0[°C] 110.92 111.29 49.28 758.4 271.49 487 4.29 1.16 0.00 0.50 0.54 0.55 0.57 0.58 Sodium Acetate, SLR = 0.27 0.27 SLR = 0.3 0.30 presssure, total 0.51 0.82 0.87 0.92 0.99 0.50 0.87 0.92 0.96 1.02 I 0.29 0.27 10 0.51 0.88 0.93 0.98 1.03 SLR = 0.27 0.27 11 0.50 0.64 0.66 0.69 0.71 0.50 0.65 0.68 0.71 0.73 Annex – Data records presssure, total time [dd.mm.yy] 26/7/11 16:00 27/7/11 7:48 27/7/11 9:48 27/7/11 11:48 27/7/11 13:48 27/7/11 15:48 28/7/11 8:20 28/7/11 10:25 28/7/11 12:10 28/7/11 14:05 28/7/11 16:15 29/7/11 7:56 29/7/11 9:56 29/7/11 11:56 29/7/11 13:56 29/7/11 15:56 30/7/11 8:00 30/7/11 10:00 30/7/11 12:00 30/7/11 14:00 30/7/11 16:00 1/8//2011 8:45 4/8/2011 7/8/2011 10/8/2011 Bui Dieu Linh delta t [h] 20.50 36.30 38.30 40.30 42.30 44.30 60.83 62.92 64.67 66.58 68.75 84.43 86.43 88.43 90.43 92.43 108.50 110.50 112.50 114.50 116.50 157.25 230.83 308.73 364.50 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.6 0.59 0.59 0.59 0.6 0.6 0.56 0.59 0.65 0.68 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.58 0.59 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.61 1.04 1.16 1.21 1.22 1.23 1.24 1.22 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.19 1.2 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.18 1.04 1.19 1.23 1.26 1.29 1.31 1.39 1.42 1.42 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.43 1.44 1.44 1.44 1.43 1.43 II 10 1.05 1.17 1.21 1.23 1.27 1.30 1.38 1.40 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.41 1.39 1.38 1.33 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.34 1.36 0.72 0.68 0.70 0.70 0.72 0.73 0.73 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.88 11 0.75 0.71 0.74 0.74 0.76 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.91 0.93 0.93 0.95 0.96 1.01 1.03 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.13 1.25 1.29 1.3 Annex – Data records Data record of batch fermentation test - Trial Trial Inoculum Inoculum TS VS COD 53.0509[g/L] 38.2235[g/L] 32500[mg/L] pH input pH output Inoculum Substrate Water Total Volume Bottle Total Sum Headspace VS Inoculum COD Substrate SLR (g COD Subs / g VS Inoc.) (blank) 7.3 7.0/[-] 7.8 Substrate: Sodium Acetate, Substrate: SLR = 0.26 TS VS COD pH( output) [g/L] 961.3 [g/L] 144.2 [g/L] 8.2/7.7 [-] Temperature 37.0 [°C] 110.61 110.70 7.70 7.70 154 154 TS VS COD Rice residues 1, SLR = 0.45 92.9[g/kg] 84.2879[g/kg ] 132.4[g/L] Substrate: Water Hyacinth 2, Substrate: SLR = 0.41 TS VS COD 18.6[g/kg] 15.9[g/kg] 13.82[g/L] TS VS COD Pig manure 1, SLR = 0.75 102.9 [g/kg] 83.3 [g/kg] 74[g/L] pH ( output) 6.6/7.3[-] pH ( output) 7.2/6.5 [-] pH ( output) 6.6/7.4 [-] Temperature 110.46 14.44 148.70 37.0[°C] 111.72 14.48 151.32 Temperature 110.34 125.95 33.43 37.0 [°C] 110.11 125.35 39.07 Temperature 37.0 [°C] 111.63 110.27 43.16 42.67 127.51 114.20 Temperature [g] 110.09 [g] 0.00 [g] 161 37.0[°C] 110.59 0.00 159 [g] 764.48 765.31 767.32 765.01 768.5 765.06 771.44 774.89 761.98 [g] [g] [g] [g] 272.29 492 4.21 0.00 272.50 493 4.23 0.00 272.23 272.48 496 495 4.23 4.23 1.11 1.11 273.60 491 4.22 1.91 277.52 491 4.27 1.92 269.72 495 4.22 1.74 274.53 497 4.21 1.73 282.30 267.14 493 495 4.27 4.21 3.18 3.14 [g/g] 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.45 0.41 0.41 0.26 0.26 0.74 0.75 presssure, total time [dd.mm.yy] 3/8/11 20:30 4/8/11 8:20 4/8/11 10:20 4/8/11 13:45 4/8/11 15:30 4/8/11 17:55 Bui Dieu Linh 10 12 21 delta t [h] 0.00 11.83 13.83 17.25 19.00 21.42 0.50 0.52 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.50 0.52 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.50 0.74 0.79 0.86 0.91 0.96 0.50 0.74 0.79 0.86 0.91 0.96 0.50 0.75 0.79 0.85 0.88 0.91 III 0.50 0.74 0.79 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.50 0.64 0.68 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.50 0.62 0.66 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.45 0.61 0.65 0.68 0.70 0.71 0.45 0.60 0.63 0.67 0.69 0.71 Annex – Data records time [dd.mm.yy] 5/8/11 8:12 5/8/11 10:21 5/8/11 12:18 5/8/11 14:21 delta t [h] 35.70 37.85 39.80 41.85 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.57 1.24 1.24 1.26 1.26 1.19 1.23 1.26 1.26 presssure, total 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.10 0.75 0.75 0.77 0.78 10 0.73 0.75 0.75 0.77 12 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.84 21 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.83 5/8/11 16:21 6/8/11 7:45 6/8/11 9:45 6/8/11 11:45 6/8/11 13:45 43.85 59.25 61.25 63.25 65.25 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.58 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.24 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.24 1.12 1.22 1.24 1.26 1.25 1.12 1.28 1.31 1.34 1.35 0.79 0.84 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.78 0.83 0.84 0.86 0.87 0.86 1.09 1.14 1.18 1.23 0.85 1.07 1.13 1.18 1.22 6/8/11 15:45 7/8/11 8:14 7/8/11 10:14 7/8/11 12:14 7/8/11 14:14 67.25 83.73 85.73 87.73 89.73 0.59 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.60 0.57 0.58 0.58 0.58 1.24 1.26 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.25 1.25 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.36 1.39 1.40 1.42 1.37 1.44 1.47 1.47 1.48 0.89 1.03 1.08 1.11 1.14 0.88 0.97 1.00 1.01 1.04 1.28 1.66 1.72 1.75 1.80 1.27 1.64 1.71 1.74 1.78 7/8/11 16:14 8/8/11 8:30 8/8/11 10:40 8/8/11 12:40 8/8/11 14:40 91.73 108.00 110.17 112.17 114.17 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.56 0.56 1.26 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.25 1.27 1.25 1.26 1.25 1.24 1.42 1.55 1.58 1.59 1.6 1.48 1.53 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.17 1.43 1.46 1.48 1.48 1.06 1.26 1.31 1.32 1.35 1.82 2.05 2.06 2.08 2.08 1.8 2.04 2.07 2.09 2.09 8/8/11 16:40 8/9/2011 9:30 8/9/2011 11:30 8/9/2011 13:30 8/9/2011 15:30 116.17 133.00 135.00 137.00 139.00 0.56 0.56 0.55 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.57 0.56 0.58 0.58 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.27 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.25 1.27 1.26 1.6 1.67 1.7 1.72 1.73 1.55 1.62 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.49 1.49 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.36 1.37 1.61 1.94 1.86 2.07 2.06 1.7 2.07 2.21 2.14 2.13 2.14 8/9/2011 17:10 8/10/2011 8:40 140.67 156.17 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.58 1.27 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.74 1.8 1.67 1.74 1.68 1.79 1.66 1.81 2.15 2.28 Bui Dieu Linh IV Annex – Data records Data record of batch fermentation test - Trial (Part 1) Inoculum Trial Inoculum Substrate Water Total Volume Bottle Total Sum Headspace VS Inoculum COD Substrate SLR (g COD Subs / [mg] [ml] [mg] [mg] [mg] [mg] [g] [g] [g/g] time [dd.mm.yy] 20/9/11 12:00 21/9/11 11:11 21/9/11 13:11 21/9/11 15:15 21/9/11 17:15 22/9/11 9:30 22/9/11 13:30 22/9/11 15:30 delta t [h] 0.00 23.18 25.18 27.25 29.25 45.50 49.50 51.50 g VS Inoc.) (blank) Substrate: TS 57.88683508[g/L] TS VS 35.17307293[g/L] VS COD 38[g/L] COD pH (in, out) 7.3/ 6.9[-] pH (output) Temperature 37.0[°C] Temperature 125.09 125.93 0.00 90.67 143.10 52.52 764.48 765.01 268.19 269.12 496 496 4.40 4.43 0.00 1.32 0.00 Bui Dieu Linh Inoculum SLR = 0.3 0.30 0.50 0.61 0.64 0.64 0.66 0.66 0.68 0.69 Substrate: 11.7032[g/L] TS 9.6327 [g/L] VS 15[g/L] COD 6.8[-] pH (output) 37.0[°C] Temperature 125.77 125.11 125.06 90.76 90.87 18.08 56.57 52.12 131.92 768.5 765.06 771.4 273.10 268.10 275.06 495 497 496 4.42 4.40 4.40 1.32 1.32 1.32 0.30 0.50 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.57 0.57 Water Hyacinth 3, 0.50 0.64 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.67 V 0.30 0.30 presssure, total 10 0.49 0.62 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.64 0.64 0.65 0.50 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.59 Pig Manure 2, SLR = Substrate: 0.3 41.0627[g/L] TS 32.6451[g/L] VS 73[g/L] COD 6.9[-] pH (output) 37.0[°C] Temperature 125.00 125.13 18.53 18.09 118.63 135.99 758.4 774.9 262.16 279.21 496 496 4.40 4.40 1.36 1.32 0.31 11 SLR = 0.28 [g/L] [g/L] 163.4[g/L] 7.7[-] 37.0[°C] 125.18 7.58 139.06 767.32 271.82 496 4.40 1.24 0.30 12 0.50 0.54 0.57 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.56 0.57 Sodium Acetate, 0.50 0.91 0.92 0.94 0.95 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.28 0.50 0.76 0.80 0.83 0.87 1.15 1.21 1.22 Annex – Data records time [dd.mm.yy] 22/9/11 17:30 23/9/11 8:30 23/9/11 10:30 23/9/11 12:30 23/9/11 14:30 23/9/11 16:05 24/9/11 13:30 24/9/11 15:30 24/9/11 17:30 25/9/11 8:15 25/9/11 10:15 25/9/11 12:15 25/9/11 14:15 25/9/11 16:15 26/9/11 8:15 26/9/11 10:15 26/9/11 12:10 26/9/11 14:10 26/9/11 16:10 27/9/11 8:10 27/9/11 10:10 27/9/11 12:10 27/9/11 14:10 27/9/11 16:10 28/9/11 13:00 28/9/11 15:00 28/9/11 17:00 Bui Dieu Linh delta t [h] 53.50 68.50 70.50 72.50 74.50 76.08 97.50 99.50 101.50 116.25 118.25 120.25 122.25 124.25 140.25 142.25 144.17 146.17 148.17 164.17 166.17 168.17 170.17 172.17 193.00 195.00 197.00 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.62 0.70 0.70 0.70 presssure, total 0.70 0.68 0.71 0.73 0.72 0.77 0.73 0.80 0.74 0.85 0.75 0.87 0.86 1.01 0.88 1.03 0.90 1.04 0.97 1.07 1.00 1.09 1.00 1.09 1.02 1.10 1.03 1.10 1.06 1.12 1.08 1.12 1.08 1.12 1.10 1.15 1.11 1.15 1.08 1.11 1.10 1.14 1.10 1.16 1.10 1.16 1.10 1.16 1.11 1.18 1.11 1.18 1.12 1.18 VI 0.65 0.72 0.75 0.78 0.81 0.83 0.95 0.98 0.99 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.06 1.06 1.08 1.08 1.10 1.10 1.11 1.08 1.08 1.10 1.10 1.11 1.15 1.16 1.16 10 0.60 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.69 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.73 0.76 0.77 0.78 11 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.63 0.64 0.65 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.69 0.67 0.68 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.74 0.86 0.88 12 0.94 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.95 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.98 1.01 1.01 1.01 1.23 1.20 1.22 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.25 1.26 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.25 1.25 1.26 1.26 1.28 1.22 1.26 1.26 1.26 1.25 1.23 1.23 1.20 Annex – Data records time [dd.mm.yy] 29/9/11 9:40 29/9/11 13:30 29/9/11 15:30 29/9/11 17:30 30/9/11 9:00 30/9/11 10:45 30/9/11 12:45 30/9/11 14:45 30/9/11 16:30 1/10/11 8:30 1/10/11 10:30 1/10/11 12:30 1/10/11 14:30 1/10/11 16:30 3/10/11 15:30 4/10/11 16:00 5/10/11 10:30 Bui Dieu Linh delta t [h] 213.67 217.50 219.50 221.50 237.00 238.75 240.75 242.75 244.50 260.50 262.50 264.50 266.50 268.50 315.50 340.00 358.50 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.73 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.75 0.80 0.77 presssure, total 1.14 1.20 1.16 1.22 1.17 1.23 1.16 1.18 1.17 1.14 1.17 1.15 1.19 1.15 1.19 1.15 1.19 1.15 1.18 1.14 1.16 1.14 1.16 1.14 1.16 1.14 1.15 1.13 1.18 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.15 1.15 VII 1.16 1.18 1.19 1.19 1.20 1.20 1.21 1.21 1.22 1.21 1.21 1.21 1.22 1.22 1.16 1.17 1.15 10 0.78 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.88 11 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.82 0.85 0.83 12 1.03 1.04 1.04 1.05 1.04 1.04 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.09 1.08 1.06 1.23 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.19 1.19 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.17 1.18 1.18 1.19 1.19 1.18 1.17 1.14 Annex – Data records Data record of batch fermentation test - Trial (Part 2) [mg] [ml] [mg] [mg] [mg] [mg] [g] [g] Substrate: TS VS COD pH (output) Temperature 13 125.07 6.35 126.95 754.43 258.37 496 4.40 1.41 [g/g] 0.32 Trial Inoculum Substrate Water Total Volume Bottle Total Sum Headspace VS Inoculum COD Substrate SLR (g COD Subs / g VS Inoc.) 13 time [dd.mm.yy] 22/9/11 17:30 23/9/11 8:30 23/9/11 10:30 23/9/11 12:30 23/9/11 14:30 23/9/11 16:05 24/9/11 13:30 Bui Dieu Linh delta t [h] 0.00 15.00 17.00 19.00 21.00 22.58 44.00 Rice Residues 2, SLR = 0.3 159.4662 [g/L] 144.5191 [g/L] 222.583 [g/L] 7.1 [-] 37.0 [°C] 14 15 125.06 125.07 5.87 6.11 126.71 127.88 753.01 754.85 257.64 259.06 495 496 4.40 4.40 1.31 1.36 0.30 14 0.50 0.73 0.73 0.81 0.84 0.85 1.15 0.50 0.72 0.76 0.80 0.83 0.86 1.11 VIII 0.31 presssure, 15 0.48 0.74 0.77 0.82 0.84 0.87 1.16 Substrate: TS VS COD pH (output) Temperature 16 125.31 11.91 124.78 753.23 262.00 493 4.41 2.15 Cassava Residues 2, SLR = 0.3 91.4107 [g/L] 86.6258 [g/L] 180.9167 [g/L] 6.8 [-] 37.0 [°C] 17 18 125.10 125.06 7.10 7.18 127.77 131.91 751.99 753.57 259.97 264.15 492 489 4.40 4.40 1.28 1.30 0.49 0.29 0.30 total 16 17 0.50 0.78 0.82 0.86 0.89 0.91 1.21 18 0.50 0.74 0.77 0.82 0.85 0.87 1.05 0.48 0.72 0.76 0.79 0.82 0.84 1.04 Annex – Data records time [dd.mm.yy] 24/9/11 15:30 24/9/11 17:30 25/9/11 8:15 25/9/11 10:15 25/9/11 12:15 25/9/11 14:15 25/9/11 16:15 26/9/11 8:15 26/9/11 10:15 26/9/11 12:10 26/9/11 14:10 26/9/11 16:10 27/9/11 8:10 27/9/11 10:10 27/9/11 12:10 27/9/11 14:10 27/9/11 16:10 28/9/11 13:00 28/9/11 15:00 28/9/11 17:00 29/9/11 9:40 29/9/11 13:30 29/9/11 15:30 29/9/11 17:30 30/9/11 9:00 30/9/11 10:45 30/9/11 12:45 Bui Dieu Linh delta t [h] 46.00 48.00 62.75 64.75 66.75 68.75 70.75 86.75 88.75 90.67 92.67 94.67 110.67 112.67 114.67 116.67 118.67 139.50 141.50 143.50 160.17 164.00 166.00 168.00 183.50 185.25 187.25 13 1.18 1.14 1.27 1.31 1.32 1.28 1.27 1.32 1.32 1.34 1.34 1.33 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.47 1.45 1.43 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.38 1.42 1.42 1.43 presssure, total 14 1.14 1.18 1.30 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.37 1.39 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.41 1.39 1.43 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.51 1.47 1.45 1.49 1.50 1.51 1.50 1.51 1.51 1.54 IX 15 16 1.19 1.22 1.33 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.37 1.39 1.40 1.40 1.41 1.43 1.35 1.39 1.39 1.41 1.41 1.38 1.37 1.35 1.40 1.41 1.42 1.41 1.43 1.43 1.45 17 1.24 1.28 1.46 1.48 1.49 1.51 1.53 1.61 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.64 1.66 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.66 1.64 1.63 1.64 1.65 1.66 1.64 1.66 1.67 1.69 18 1.08 1.10 1.11 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.15 1.15 1.17 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.16 1.15 1.20 1.20 1.21 1.21 1.22 1.22 1.23 1.07 1.09 1.11 1.14 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.15 1.15 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.13 1.16 1.16 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.19 Annex – Data records time [dd.mm.yy] 30/9/11 14:45 30/9/11 16:30 1/10/11 8:30 1/10/11 10:30 1/10/11 12:30 1/10/11 14:30 1/10/11 16:30 3/10/11 15:30 4/10/11 16:00 5/10/11 10:30 7/10/11 15:00 Bui Dieu Linh delta t [h] 189.25 191.00 207.00 209.00 211.00 213.00 215.00 262.00 286.50 305.00 357.50 13 1.44 1.43 1.44 1.44 1.45 1.47 1.47 1.48 1.45 1.43 1.25 presssure, total 14 1.54 1.54 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.56 1.55 1.27 1.26 1.24 X 15 16 1.45 1.46 1.46 1.45 1.42 1.43 1.43 1.20 1.30 1.38 1.39 17 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.68 1.69 1.69 1.69 1.56 1.40 1.38 1.35 18 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.24 1.24 1.24 1.23 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.19 1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.14 1.13 State under oath Statement under oath I swear that all the data of my experiment presented in this thesis was truly from my practical investigation at Environment Chemistry laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Natural Sciences, Hanoi National University and other information was carefully cited and I did this thesis by myself under the guide of my supervisors The work has not been published Hanoi, November 2011 Bui Dieu Linh Bui Dieu Linh XI ... Topic Establish an anaerobic batch system by using guideline VDI 4630 and determine the biogas yield of different substrates in food processing villages Task The first task is to establish an anaerobic. ..VNUUNIVERSITYOFSCIENCE-TECHNICALUNIVERSITYOFDRESDEN - ® Bui Dieu Linh ESTABLISH AN ANAEROBIC BATCH SYSTEM BY USING GUIDELINE VDI 4630 AND DETERMINE THE BIOGAS YIELD OF DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES. .. substrate) and the degradability of different substrates will be evaluated Objective The aim of this thesis is from learning the methods of guideline VDI 4630 to establish in practice an anaerobic batch