inversion Trong tiếng anh đảo ngữ thường sử dụng với mệnh đề nhấn mạnh thường gặp dạng đảo trạng từ lên đầu câu Eg: She never eats out ==> Never does she eat out I Inversion with If clause If type I : Eg: If it should rain tonight, I will stay at home ==> Should it rain Eg: If she has finished the work, she can go home ==> Should she have finished If type II : Eg: if I were you, i would love him ==> Were I you Eg: If it weren’t for your progress, i wouldn’t be here ==> Were it not your If + S+ were+ to Eg: If i were to speak Were I to speak…… If type III : Eg: If she had worked harder last year, she wouldn’t have failed the exam ==> Had she worked harder last year If it hadn’t been for + N ==> Nếu khơng phải Eg: If it hadn’t been for hot weather, we would have had a wonderful holiday ==> Had it not been for Eg; If she were to have driven carefully, she wouldn’t have cause the accident [ = had driven ] ==> Were she to have driven… CASES OF INVERSION Inversions take place after some negative adverb such as: little (một ít) nowhere (khơng nơi nào) no longer (khơng cịn nữa) in vain (vơ ích) not until (mãi đến khi) never (không bao giờ) never again (không nữa) never before (không nữa) seldom = rarely, hardly (gần khơng, khó mà) not for one minutes (không phút nào) Example: He said little about it => Little did he say about it. Nowhere you can enjoy delicious dishes like here => Nowhere can you enjoy delicious dishes like here. No longer will he work here. In vain did they look for the missing people. Not until I came home did I realize that I had lost everything. Not until she left did I know that she had been very important for me. I will never forgive him => Never will I forgive him Never again will I meet him. Never before have I seen this film (present perfect) 10 She rarely makes a mistake => Rarely does she make a mistake. 11 I hardly meet her nowadays => Hardly I meet her nowadays. 12 Not for one minute we feel peaceful. 13 Not for one minute did she forger about it/him. Inversions are used in emphasizing cases. - I like it (normal) => Do I like it (emphasizing case) - I slept well last night => Did I sleep well last night. - He loves her => He does love her. Inversions are used after some conjunctions such as: - Hardly when / Scarcely when (Ngay ) / No sooner than Eg: Hardly had I gone to bed when the phone rang. No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain. Inversions are used in some phrases with “only” - Only when (chỉ khi) / Only if (chỉ mà) + Clause - Not only (không những) (conjunctons) - Only by (prep) (Chỉ cách) + Clause Ex: + Only when you grow up can you understand it. + Only if you tell me the truth can I forgive you. + Not only does he study well, but also he sings well. + Only by studying hard can you pass this exam. Inversions are used in some phrases with “no” - In no way (không cách cả) - At no tme (chưa bao giờ) - On no account (khơng lý gì) - In/under no circunstances (cho dù không) Ex: - In no way can you refuse to answer my queston. - At no tme have I come there. - On no account can you treat her badly like this. - In no circumstances will I betray you (Phản bội) Inversions are used with “not a” and “many a” - Not a word did she say. - Not a letter have I received from her. - Many a rose did he give her So, Such So + Adj+ to be + Noun + that + clause EX: • So strange was the situaton that I couldn't sleep (Tình kì lạ khiến tơi khơng thể ngủ được) • So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare (Bài kiểm tra khó tới mức mà sinh viên cần tháng chuẩn bị) Such + to be + Noun + that + clause Ex : • Such is the moment that all greats traverse (Thật thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao) • Such is the stuff of dreams (Thật giấc mơ vô nghĩa) Inversion with negative adverbs never (không bao giờ), rarely (hiếm khi), seldom (hiếm khi) Ex: Never have I been more insulted! (Chưa bị lăng mạ thế) Never in her life had she experienced this exhilaratng emoton Seldom has he seen anything stranger (Hiếm khi anh ấy nhìn thấy kì lạ thế) Seldom have I seen him looking so miserable hardly (hầu không), barely (chỉ vừa đủ, vừa vặn), no sooner (vừa mới), or scarcely (chỉ mới, vừa vặn) Câu đảo ngữ chứa trạng ngữ thường dùng để diễn đạt chuỗi kiện xảy khứ Ex: Scarcely had I got out of bed when the doorbell rang (Hiếm chuông cửa reo mà thức dậy) No sooner had he finished dinner than she walked in the door (Khi anh ấy vừa ăn tối xong chị ta bước vào cửa) only after, only when, only then… Only after/only when/only then/only if + trợ động từ + S + V… Only by + noun/V-ing + trợ động từ/ động từ khuyết thiếu + S + V….: cách làm EX: Only then did I understand the problem Only by hard work will we be able to accomplish this great task Only by studying hard can you pass this exam Chú ý: trong câu có hai mệnh đề, dùng đảo ngữ ở mệnh đề thứ hai: Only when you grow up, can you understand it. Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you Only after the film started did I realise that I'd seen it before So, Such So + tnh từ + to be + danh từ … Ex: So strange was the situaton that I couldn't sleep Ex: So difficult is the test that students need three months to prepare “Such + to be + danh từ +…” Ex: Such is the moment that all greats traverse (Thật thời khắc trở ngại lớn lao) Such is the stuff of dreams (Thật giấc mơ vô nghĩa) Not only….but also… :không những…….mà còn… Not only + trợ động từ + S +V + but also + S + V… Ví dụ: Not only does he study well, but also he sings well Một số cấu trúc khác • In/ Under no circumstances: Dù hồn cảnh khơng Under no circumstances should you lend him the money • On no account: Dù lý khơng On no account must this switch be touched • Only in this way: Chỉ cách Only in this way could the problem be solved • In no way: Khơng In no way could I agree with you • By no means: Hồn tồn không By no means does he intend to critcize your idea • Negatve , nor + auxiliary + S + V He had no money, nor did he know anybody from whom he could borrow • Khi một mệnh đề mở đầu thành ngữ nơi chốn trật tự động từ chính đảo lên chủ ngữ nhưng tuyệt đối khơng sử dụng trợ động từ trong trường hợp