Bài tập tiếng anh 12 - Bùi Văn Vinh (Có đáp Án)

Unit LIFE STORIES PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A VOCABULARY • talented /'tỉlənɪd/ (adj.): có tài năng, có khiếu Ex: The kids at this school are all exceptionally talented in some way • accomplished /ə'kɒmplɪʃt/ (adj.) (+ at/in): có đầy đủ tài năng, hồn hảo, giáo dục Ex: He came to New York in 1976, already accomplished in English • pioneer /ˌpaɪə'nɪə(r)/ (n.): người tiên phong, người đầu • be widely/ internationally recognized: cơng nhận rộng rãi, giới cơng nhận • dedication /ˌdɛdɪ'keɪʃən/ (n.) (+ to): cống hiến Ex: There was no doubting Luke's dedication to the campaign • be dedicated to V-ing/ noun phrase: tận tụy, tận tâm • respectable /rɪs'pɛktəbl/ (adj.): đáng kính trọng, đắn • respectful /ris'pektful/ (adj): lễ phép, bày tỏ kính trọng, tơn kính (mơ tả hành động, việc) • distinguished /dɪs'tɪŋgwɪʃt/ (adj.): ưu tú, xuất sắc, lỗi lạc • generosity /ˌdʒɛnə'rɒsɪti/ (n.): hào phóng • inspiration /ˌɪnspə'reɪʃən/ (n.): truyền cảm hứng, cảm hứng • strategist /'strỉtɪdʒɪst/ (n): nhà chiến lược • popularity /ˌpɒpjʊ'lỉrɪti/ (n.): tiếng, tính phổ biến • influential /ˌɪnflʊ'ɛnʃəl/ (adj.): có ảnh hưởng, lực • recognition /ˌrɛkəg'nɪʃən/ (n.): công nhận, công nhận, thừa nhận • to win/ receive/ meet with recognition from the public: người thừa nhận • achievement /ə'tʃi:vmənt/ (n.): thành tựu, giành được, hồn thành • controversial /ˌkɒntrə'vɜ:ʃəl/ (adj.): gây tranh cãi • racial segregation /'reɪʃəl ˌsɛgrɪ' geɪʃən/: phân biệt chủng tộc • reach one's full potential: đạt tiềm tối đa • a stroke of luck: dịp may bất ngờ • reputation /ˌrɛpju(:)'teɪʃən/ (n.): danh tiếng, tiếng tăm • figure /'fɪgə/ (n.): nhân vật, biểu tượng • resort to (v.): dùng đến • take something/ somebody for granted: coi ai/ hiển nhiên, sẵn có • at the expense of: phải trả giá • be committed to: tận tụy, bị giam giữ • be devoted to: tận tâm, cống hiến cho • distinctive /dɪs'tɪŋktɪv/ (adj.): đặc biệt, xuất sắc • epitome /ɪ'pɪtəmi/ (n.): gương hồn hảo, hình mẫu hồn hảo • representative /ˌrɛprɪ'zɛntətɪv/ (n.): đại diện, hình mẫu • celebrated /'sɛlɪbreɪtɪd/ (adj.): tiếng, trứ danh, lừng danh • exceptional /ɪk'sɛpʃənl/ (adj): khác thường, đặc biệt, ngoại lệ, có • extraordinary /ɪks'trɔ:dnri/ (adj): lạ thường, đặc biệt • remarkable /rɪ'mɑ:kəb1/ (adj.): xuất sắc, đặc biệt, đáng ý • spectacular /spɛk'tỉkjʊlə/ (adj.): đẹp mắt, ngoạn mục, thu hút ý • profound /prə'faʊnd/ (adj.): phức tạp, sâu sắc B GRAMMAR REVIEW I A/AN/THE • A/an/the từ quen thuộc tiếng Anh, chúng gọi mạo từ Có loại mạo từ: mạo từ không xác định mạo từ xác định Cách dùng mạo từ không xác định “a” “an” • Dùng “a” “an” trước danh từ số đếm Chúng có nghĩa Chúng dùng câu có tính khái qt đề cập đến chủ thể chưa đề cập từ trước Ex: - A ball is round (nghĩa chung, khái qt, tất bóng): Quả bóng hình trịn - He has seen a girl (chúng ta khơng biết gái nào, chưa đề cập trước đó): Anh vừa gặp cô gái a Dùng "an” trước: - Quán từ "an" dùng trước từ bắt đầu nguyên âm (trong cách phát âm, cách viết) Bao gồm: - Các từ bắt đầu nguyên âm “a, e, i, o” Ví dụ: an apple (một táo), an orange (một cam) - Một số từ bắt đầu “u”: Ví dụ: an umbrella (một ơ) - Một số từ bắt đầu “h” câm: Ví dụ: an hour (một tiếng) - Các từ mở đầu chữ viết tắt: an S.O.S/ an M.P b Dùng "a" trước: - Dùng “a” trước từ bắt đầu phụ âm Chúng bao gồm chữ lại số trường hợp bắt đầu "u, y, h" Ex: A house (một nhà), a year (một năm), a uniform (một đồng phục) - Đứng trước danh từ mở đầu "uni " "eu" phải dùng "a": Ví dụ: a university (trường đại học), a union (tổ chức), a culogy (lời ca ngợi) - Dùng thành ngữ số lượng định như: a lot of/ a great deal of/ a couple/ a dozen Ex: I want to buy a dozen eggs (Tôi muốn mua tả trứng.) - Dùng trước số đếm định thường hàng ngàn, hàng trăm như: a/ one hundred - a/ one thousand Ex: My school has a thousand students (Trường có nghìn học sinh.) - Dùng trước “half” (một nửa) theo sau đơn vị nguyên vẹn: a kilo hay a half, hay ghép với danh từ khác để nửa phần (khi viết có dấu gạch nối): a half - share, a half - holiday (ngày lễ nghỉ nửa ngày) Ex: My mother bought a half kilo of apples (Mẹ mua nửa cân táo.) - Dùng với đơn vị phân số : 1/3 ( a/ one third), 1/5 (a/ one fifth), 1/4 (a quarter) Ex: I get up at a quarter past six (Tôi thức dậy lúc 15 phút.) - Dùng thành ngữ giá cả, tốc độ, tỉ lệ: a dollar, a kilometer, an hour, times a day Ex: John goes to work four times a week (John làm lần tuần.) Cách dùng mạo từ xác định “the” • Dùng “the” trước danh từ xác định cụ thể mặt tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí đề cập đến trước đó, khái niệm phổ thông, biết Ex: đàn - The man next to Lin is my friend (Trong câu người nói người nghe biết người ơng nào) Người đàn ơng bên cạnh Lin bạn - The sun is big (Mặt trời có một) Mặt trời lớn • Với danh từ không đếm được, dùng “the” nói đến vật cụ thể, khơng dùng “the” nói chung Ex: - Chili is very hot (Chỉ loại ớt nói chung) Ớt cay - The chili on the table has been bought (Cụ thể ớt bàn) Ớt bàn vừa mua • Với danh từ đếm số nhiều, chúng có nghĩa đại diện chung cho lớp vật loại khơng dùng "the" Ex: Students should homework before going to school (Học sinh nói chung) Học sinh nên làm tập nhà trước đến trường II REVIEW THE SIMPLE PAST & PAST CONTINUOUS Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) a Với động từ "to be": (+) S + was/ were + O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + O? b Với động từ “to do”: (+) S + Ved + O (-) S + didn't + V + O (?) Did (not) + S + V + O? Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Điều tra hành động xảy chấm dứt hoàn toàn khứ Ex: - I saw a movie yesterday - Last year, I traveled to Japan • Diễn tà chuỗi hành động liên tiếp xảy khứ Ex: - I finished work, walked to the beach and found a nice place to swim - Did you add flour, pour the milk and then add the eggs? c Adverds (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) • Yesterday, ago, upon a time, in 1945 (in a specific year in the past ), last d Một số lưu ý thi khứ đơn: • Quy tắc thêm “ed” với động từ thường: Hầu hết động từ thêm "ed" để biến thành động từ dạng khứ Ex: work - worked, visit - visited • Một vài động từ kết thúc phụ âm "y" biến "y" thành "i" thêm "ed" để biến thành dạng động từ khứ Ex: study - studied, carry - carried • Một vài động từ có dạng 1:1:1 (1 phụ âm + nguyên âm + phụ âm) ta gấp đơi phụ âm cuối thêm "ed" Ex: plan - planned, fit - fitted * Cách phát âm động từ có “ed”: Đúng nhất: Theo phiên âm quốc tế, -ED đứng sau âm sau phát âm sau: Phát âm -ED Các âm trước -ED /ɪd/ /t/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /p/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /s/ /d/ Các nguyên âm phụ âm cịn lại Mẹo vặt: (Khơng 100%): Theo hình vị tự: Phát âm -ED Các âm trước -ED /d/ /t/ /θ/ /ɪd/ /t/ /d/ P x t ce d f ch sh *gh s Các nguyên âm phụ âm lại *th ph k Ex: /ɪd/ /t/ wanted, needed, demanded, suggested, mended, hated, visited, … walked, liked, stopped, raped, washed, watched, laughed, sentenced, rated, breathed, stated, looked, cooked, sniffed, missed, mixed played, studied, changed, matched, decreed, /d/ Note: • Khi *th phát âm /θ/ -ed phát âm /t/ breathed, • Khi *th phát âm /ð/ -ed có phát âm /d/ bathed, • Khi *gh phát âm /f/ thi -ed phát âm /t/ laughed, coughed, • Khi *gh âm câm thi -ed phát âm /d/ ploughed, • Nguyên âm + S + ED -ed thường phát âm /d/ praised, chased, raised Ngoại lệ: - Một số tỉnh từ sau có cách phát âm -ed /ɪd/: naked /'neɪkɪd/, learned /'lə:nɪd/, aged /eɪdʒɪd/, beloved /bɪ'lʌvɪd/, blessed /'blesɪd/, crooked /'krʊkɪd/, ragged /'ræɡɪd/, sacred /'seɪkrɪd/, wretched /'retʃɪd/, - Phần ngoại lệ: Có chữ có -ed tận phát âm /əd/ Chữ hundred /'hʌndrəd/ Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) a Form (+) S + was/ were + V-ing +O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + V-ing + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + V-ing + O? b Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Diễn tả hành động xảy thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: I was sleeping at 12 o'clock last night • Diễn tả hành động xảy hành động khác xen vào hành động xảy dùng QKTD; hành động xen vào dùng QKĐ Ex: I was studying when he came in • Diễn tả nhiều hành động xảy đồng thời khứ (đi với while) Ex: Yesterday evening, my mother was cooking while my father was reading books c Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) At (specific time) From to last night yesterday, one year ago At this/ that time At the moment Past simple While/ When Past continuous Past continuous d Những động từ không chia tiếp diễn: Một số động từ cảm xúc (like, love ) hay (know, believe, want) không chia tiếp diễn (kể tiếp diễn hay khứ tiếp diễn) Verbs of thinking believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, realize, suppose, understand Verbs of the senses hear, smell, sound, taste Verbs of possession belong to have (meaning possess), own, possess Verbs of emotion dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish Verbs of appearance appear, seem Others contain, depend on, include, involve, mean, measure, weigh, require Ex: Jane was being at my house when you arrived Jane was at my house when you arrived PART 2: PRACTICE A PHONETICS I Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined A accident B jazz C stamps D watch A this B thick C maths D thin A gas B gain C germ D goods A bought B nought C plough D thought A spear B gear C fear D pear II Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others A remember B influence C expression D convenient A medium B computer C formation D connection A national B cultural C popular D musician A successful B humorous C arrangement D attractive A construction B typical C glorious D purposeful B VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences widely related master inequality movement accomplished pioneer increasingly Hughes is one of the most _ writers in American 20 literary history? Albert Einstein was essentially all _ to science meanwhile Leonardo Da Vinci was a _ at art, architecture, invention, and several other areas Han Mac Tu was part of the new poetic _ in Vietnam at the beginning of the 20th century Han Mac Tu is considered a _ of romantic poetry in Vietnam During his time at University, Nelson Mandela became _ aware of the racial and injustice faced by non-white people Steve Jobs is _ recognized as a pioneer in the field of microcomputer revolution II Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences He was the most _ football player that our school had produced in years His talent for football was great TALENT Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le whose great was his books on the history of Vietnam in the 19th century? ACHIEVE He wishes to straighten up and lead a life RESPECT His career as a journalist was full of achievements He was a respected and admired journalist DISTINGUISH To be successful takes hard work and DEDICATE Doing things with will give us true happiness The more we give away, the happier we are GENEROUS Tran Hung Dao was a great to lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked to destroy them STRATEGY Mother Teresa was a living saint who offered a great example and to the world INSPIRE Zuckerberg was forced to shut his website down, but its immense and controversy had made him consider its future potential POPULAR 10 As the principal founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates is one of the most and richest people on the planet INFLUENCE 11 If Presley was considered a and a rebellious figure, it just made him more popular with young listeners CONTROVERSY 12 Stephen William Hawking got more for his research and discoveries through his print and TV interviews RECOGNINZE III Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions At his first school, Mark Zuckerberg in all subjects and worked hard throughout his classes A interested B excelled C engrossed D involved His incredible performance during high school him admission to Harvard University A earned B attained C resorted D applied Mother Teresa suffered various health problems, but nothing could her from fulfilling her mission of serving the poor and needy A persuade B warn C appoint D dissuade In 1979, Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for work undertaken in the to overcome poverty and distress A battle B struggle C movement D proposal At the age of 18, Mother Teresa was permission to join a group of nuns in Ireland A required B sought C obtained D given Nelson Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his work in helping to end racial in South Africa A integration B segregation C achievement D exploitation Princess Diana fought for her children on any level so they could reach their full as human beings and in their public duties A requirement B condition C capacity D potential Meeting my favorite celebrity at the airport was certainly a of luck that wouldn't have happened if I'd arrived five minutes later A number B piece C stroke D name Steve Jobs might hardly imagine that only a year later the company impressive victory with Apple II, one of the first highly successful personal computer A attain / massly-produced B see / mass-produced C taste / massive produced D achieve / mass-producing 10 Ms May, 59 years old, is the country's longest-serving home secretary in half a century, with a for seriousness, hard work and above all, determination A fame B reputation C achievement D maintenance 11 Theresa May is one of a growing number of women in traditionally British politics rising to the upper position of leadership A male-dominated B man-domination C male-dominating D man-dominatedly 12 Marilyn Monroe is widely as one of most influential figures in American culture A classified B depicted C admired D regarded 13 May's sports hero was Geoffrey Boycott, a solid, stubborn cricketer who in playing the long game A qualified B specialized C engrossed D indulged 14 Like many other Britain's prime ministers, May a place at Oxford A admitted B permitted C won D constituted 15 She has been quite critical the media focusing on her fashion instead of her achievement as a politician A with B for C of D in 16 Marilyn Monroe was for Golden Globe Best Actress Award for Bus Stop (1956) A offered B nominated C awarded D rewarded 17 Marilyn Monroe to a heavy drug use, which had a damaging impact both her mental and physical health A resorted - on B abused - in C overexploited - to D related - for 18 Their family were wealthy but they encouraged their children to work hard and take nothing A for sure B for good C for granted D for charge 19 When Bill Gates saw an opportunity to found his own company, he dropped Harvard without finishing his course A into B by C around D out of 20 Despite the pervasive press intrusions into her private life, Princess Diana remained very popular because people could identify her A in B for C with D as 21 Elvis was shy and as a youngster was not keen on performing in public A relatively B respectively C virtually D almost 22 As a teenager, he was uninterested in school - but became in music, listening to a huge of contemporary American music A bored - amount B reluctant - diversity C reckless - type D absorbed - range 23 Elvis Presley was for the idea that rock 'n' roll music was having a negative effect on American teenagers A accused B convicted C criticized D charged 24 If Presley was considered a controversial and a rebellious , it just made him more popular with young listeners A creator B figure C character D celebration 25 Darwin was a place on the HMS Beagle to act as a natural scientist on a voyage to the coast of South America A won B gained C offered D admitted 26 Influenced by the work of Malthus, Darwin came a theory of natural selection and gradual evolution over time A off B into C out D up with 27 In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best their environment A expense - to B cost - for C expenditure - of D stake - to 28 Van Gogh played a role in the development of modern art A worthless B valueless C key D minor 29 Van Gogh was to a lunatic asylum where he would spend time on and off until his death in 1890 A related B referred C adapted D committed 30 Oprah Winfrey has played a key role in modern American life, shaping cultural and promoting various liberal causes A values B trends C potentials D prosperity IV Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions His early death only cemented his legendary status, and Elvis Presley has become deeply ingrained in popular culture A engrossed B indulged C deep-rooted D supreme A distinctive feature of Trump's business and real estate ventures has been the prominent use of his own name A characteristic B general C common D superficial Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun who devoted her life to serving the poor and destitute around the world A committed B dedicated C committed D attended Marilyn Monroe has become an iconic representative of fame and female beauty A figure B image C typical D idol Marilyn Monroe was an epitome of sensuality, beauty and effervescence and was naturally photogenic A frame B indicator C instructor D figure Despite the media often being dismissive of Monroe's potential, her efforts to improve acting paid off A failed B broke down C managed D met with success Margaret Thatcher was known for her tough uncompromising conservative political views, and became dubbed as ‘The Iron Lady’ A reserved B inflexible C narrow-minded D compatible ... A talk B talked 12 At first, Microsoft had hyphen in the name "Micro-soft", combination of microcomputer and software A a - the - a B a - a - X C the - the - X D X - a - the 13 Le Loi... second emperor of Tay Son Dynasty, reigning from 1788 to 1792 A The - a - the B X - a - the C X - the - the D X – the - X While I TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor A watch B watched... British politics rising to the upper position of leadership A male-dominated B man-domination C male-dominating D man-dominatedly 12 Marilyn Monroe is widely as one of most influential figures